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Integrated Science: Chemistry
Learning goal: To be able to identify the parts of
atoms of different elements.
Lesson 1
Structure of the Atom
Scientific Shorthand
•Scientists have developed their own shorthand
for dealing with long, complicated names.
•Chemical symbols
consist of one capital
letter or a capital letter
plus one or two smaller
letters.
Chemical Symbols
•Capitals matter!
•Element symbols contain ONE capital letter
followed by lowercase letter(s) if necessary.
•Scientists use two letters for some elements
because there are more elements than letters.
Metals that form
Bright blue
Co vs. CO
Solid compounds
Poisonous Gas
Atomic Components
•An element is matter that is composed of one
type of atom, which is the smallest piece of
matter that still retains the property of the
element.
•Atoms are composed of particles called
protons, neutrons, and electrons
Atomic Components
•Protons and neutrons are found in a small
positively charged center of the atom called the
nucleus that is surrounded by a cloud
containing electrons
•Protons are particles with an electrical charge
of 1+.
Atomic Components
•Electrons are particles with an electrical charge of
1–. This is the particle that moves around the
nucleus.
•Neutrons are neutral particles that do not have an
electrical charge.
•The nucleus in the central core of an atom.
Subatomic Particles
ATOM
ATOM
NUCLEUS
NUCLEUS
ELECTRONS
ELECTRONS
PROTONS
PROTONS
NEUTRONS
NEUTRONS
POSITIVE
POSITIVE
CHARGE
CHARGE
NEUTRAL
NEUTRAL
CHARGE
CHARGE
Most of the atom’s mass.
NEGATIVECHARGE
CHARGE
NEGATIVE
in a neutral atom
Atomic Number
equals the # of...
Quarks—Even
Smaller Particles
•Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller
particles called quarks.
•So far, scientists have confirmed the existence
of six uniquely different quarks
Quarks
•Scientists theorize that an arrangement of three
quarks held together with the strong nuclear force
produces a proton.
•Another arrangement of three quarks produces a
neutron
He
Practice problems
1. What element has 26 protons and an
atomic mass of 56?
Practice problems
2. If Silver (Ag) has an atomic mass of
108 and 47 protons, how many
neutrons do silver atoms have?
Practice problems
3. How many electrons does a
Sodium (Na) atom have?
Practice problems
4. What is the charge of a Sodium
atom if it loses one electron?
Practice problems
5. What is the charge of a Chlorine
(Cl) atom that has gained one
electron from a nearby sodium
atom?