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INFLECTIONAL PARADIGM
Assistant Lecturer
Talib Sherwani
Email: [email protected]
April24, 2016
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CONTENT
What is a Paradigm morphologically?
Types of paradigm
Types of Inflectional Paradigm
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INFLECTIONAL PARADIGM
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What is a paradigm?
Morphologically, A paradigm could mean the
complete set of related word-forms.
Having the same stem.
But different affixes.
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TYPES OF PARADIGM
1. Derivational Paradigms
 2. Inflectional Paradigms
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1-DERIVATIONAL PARADIGMS
A derivational paradigm is a set of related
lexemes which have the same root but
different affixes.
 For example:
 natural, naturally , Unnatural, unnaturally
,Naturalist, naturalistic, naturalistically
,Naturalize, naturalization
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Nature
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2. INFLECTIONAL PARADIGMS:
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The inflectional paradigm is formed by words which
inflectional suffixes are attached.
For example,
brighten, brightens, brightening , brightened,
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TYPES OF INFLECTIONAL PARADIGM
1-Noun Paradigm
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Noun may be either singular or plural in
meaning . It can be S.Ps (singular possessive)
or S.Pl (Plural).
Example:
Woman, women’s,
men's car.
woman's, teachers’ book.
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1-NOUN PARADIGM
The variety of Irregular plurals
Such as en as in children. Ox, oxen.
Man- men
Goose – geese
But
- Zero plural affexes
- deer
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1-NOUN PARADIGM
Few groups of noun may have one form of
paradigm.
For example:
Tennis
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However,
some other have plural like clothes
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1-NOUN PARADIGM
Another group ends (s) words like,
economics, linguistics… This takes a singular
But, ethics, pliers may be either singular or plural.
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EXERCISE: 1
write the paradigmatic forms of these nouns.
1- stem, plural,
carpenter
Woman,
Brother
Cloud
Duck,
Japanese
Cattle
Means
Athletics
Scissors
possessive, plural possessive
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EXERCISE: 1
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1- stem,
Carpenter
Woman,
Brother
Cloud
Duck,
Japanese
Cattle
Means
Athletics
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Scissors
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Answers
plural, possessive, plural possessive
carpenters carpenter’s
carpenters ‘
Women Woman’s
Women’s
Brothers Brother’s
Brothers’
Clouds
Cloud’s
clouds’
Ducks
Duck’s
Ducks’
-------------------------Cattle
---------cattle’s
---------- -----------------Athletics
Athletics’
--------------
Scissors
Scissors’
Scissors
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2-PRONOUN PARADIGM:
----
Subject
Object
Prenominal
possessive/A
Substitutional
possessive/O
1st
I
me
my
mine
2nd
you
you
your
yours
3rd
he
him
his
his
=
she
her
her
hers
=
it
it
its
its
Plural
we
us
our
ours
=
they
them
Their
Theirs
Relative Pro…
who
whom
whose
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EXERCISE 2:
Write the substitute and singular or plural for the
italicized words in the following sentences.
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1-Miss Joana is wearing hose today.
2-what did they do with the molasses?
3-the summons came in the mail.
4-Why doesn’t she call the police?
5-Ali likes to fish for pike.
6-The DLH has delivered all my goods from UK to
Erbil.
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ANSWERS FOR TASK 2
1- them , PL
 2- it , SG
 3- it , SG
 4- them ,PL
 5- Them, PL
 6- Them, PL
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HOW DO WE KNOW NUMBERING NOUNS?
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take one of these substitutions: them him, she , her,
hers . for plural take the plural form of pronoun.
They, you, them.
signaled by modifier like, several, many, this.
subject of a verb; verb subject agreement.
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TASK 3,
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Encircle the noun modifier or pronoun
reference that reveals the number of the
italicized nouns.
That news delighted her
He studied poetics in all its complications
My scissors lost their sharpen.
She shot both quail on the wing.
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3-VERB PARADIGM
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The verbal paradigm has three, four and five forms
inflectional suffixes.
The 3rd person singular, past, present continuous
past past
Such as :Choose chooses choosing, chose
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3-VERB PARADIGM
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The stem (base form): occurs after 'to' and 'modals',
indicating simple present tense.
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SUPPLECTIVE FORM:
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For instance, supplction includes the forms of the
verb be: am, is, are, was, were, the present and
past tense forms of the verb go: go, went.
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EXERCISE:4
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Fill out the following verb paradigm then
indicate whether the verb are the three or
four or five forms.
Stem,
3rd present continuous, past
participle
call
Bite,
Keep,
Put
Sleep
Speak
go
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4-COMPARATIVE PARADIGM:
The comparative adjective like, richer, richest .
Rich
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CONCLUSION
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In all inflectional paradigms, the stem remains
constant.
The suffixes produce the difference in meaning
among the forms of each paradigm.
Many nouns do not take the possessive forms.
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REFERENCES
Aronoff ,M. and Fudeman, K. (2011) Fundamentals of Linguistics: what is Morphology?.
Wiley-Blackwell Francis,K.,Stonham,A. (2006) Modern Linguistics: Morphology. 2nd (ed)
Palgrave: Mackmilan.
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Stageberg, N.(1981) An Introductory English Grammar. USA
http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199772810/obo- 
9780199772810-0125.xml
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