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SPD’s Surge Suppression Devices GE Digital Energy GE Enterprise Solutions GE Digital Energy GE Power Quality TVSS, UPS, ATS & PSG Some things are beyond our control Some things aren’t We can’t control the forces of nature but we can protect our business critical sensitive electronics Our investment in electronics such as computers, energy saving lighting systems, security, building automation, and video is dependent on the power quality without and within our facilities 2003 Black Out – North Eastern USA The power outage of August 14, 2003 in the eastern part of N. America left 50 million people in the dark. 61,800 MW of load was disrupted for up to 4 days. When the power came back people lost electronic equipment. Transient Voltage Surge Suppression Overview What is Transient Voltage ? Voltage spikes are high energy short duration transient voltage events that damage or destroy sensitive electronic equipment. Measured in milliseconds they occur in a fraction of a cycle. Equipment Affected All equipment with printed circuit boards and microprocessors are susceptible to transient surge damage. 20% of Transients come from External Sources Characteristics: High level surges, 10kA – over 200kA Immediate Catastrophic Damage Examples: • • • • • Lightning Strikes Utility load switching Fault Clearing Crossed Power Lines Damaged transformers Transient Voltage Surges are the culprits that are destroying this sensitive electronic These high energy transient voltage equipment surges (spikes) last less than a fraction of a second but cause catastrophic immediate damage to electronic equipment and circuit boards Fuses and breakers simply cannot react fast enough to stop a transient voltage spike Lightning Strike Density Isochronic map USA Lightning causes between $250 - $500 million each year in property damage across the US. * Based on analysis of insurance claims vs cloud –to-ground lightning flash data by the National Lightning Detection Network More than half of these losses are related to electronics Sensitive Electronics Computers Electronic Ballasts Cash Registers ATMs Building Automation HVAC Systems Manufacturing Equipment Medical Equipment Drives PLCs Electronically Controlled Motors Security Systems Audio & Video Equipment Telephones AM – PM It’s a matter of time Your Choice Pro-Actively protect your equipment now or spend more money and time repairing, replacing, procuring, & shipping. Add to that down time, safety issues, lost production, compromised quality, compliance, penalties, and availability to name a few. Example: Ballast Cost $30 What’s the real cost of equipment failure ? Are you cruising full speed ahead without considering the cost ? Labor Per Hour $30 High Bay Equipment $200 Procurement Cost $100 Transaction Cost $100 Disposal Cost $50 Downtime Cost $1000 + 80% of Transients come from Internal Sources Characteristics: Low level Repeated multiple events Cause damage over time Examples: • Compressors • Inductive loads • • • • • – (i.e) motors & pumps HVAC Units Elevators Drives – control elevators Laser copiers Cleaning equipment – Vacuums, Floor polishers Facility Power Quality Review Qualify & Quantify TVSS Needs Six Easy Steps to Take 1. Evaluate Protection measures currently in place 2. Estimate $ value of electronic equipment 3. Fill out Surge Exposure Cost Worksheet 4. Review electrical distribution layout 5. Count number of electrical panels - note voltage 6. Select appropriate TVSS rating based on location The cost of protecting sensitive electronics from damaging transient surges is only a fraction of connected equipment investment Financial Impact of Surge Damage Asset Preventive Management Maintenance Without transient voltage protection its only a matter of time before peak voltage spikes damage electronics and cause downtime Typical Business Class Hotel Guest Rooms: Televisions Flat Panel TV in the Lobby Coffee Makers PTAC’s Appliances Compact Fluorescents Phones Office Equipment: Computers Fax Machines Appliances Security System: Camera Monitors Guests: Lap Top Computers Electronics Investment : Hotel Example Guest Rooms: Televisions Coffee Makers PTAC’s Appliances - MWO & REF Compact Fluorescents Phones Qty: 200 200 200 200 800 200 $/each $100 $20 $500 $200 $5 $20 Total $20000 $4000 $100000 $40000 $4000 $4000 Office Equipment/Lobby Flat Panel TV (lobby) Computers Fax Machines Appliances Security System Camera Monitors Guests: Lap Top Computers Qty: 1 3 1 3 Qty: 2 2 Qty: 50 $/each $3000 $1000 $200 $200 $/each $100 $100 Total $3000 $3000 $200 $600 Total $200 $200 $800 $40000 Total $220,000 Mid-Scale Limited Service 200 Rooms Occupancy 100% Dollarize - Surge Exposure Cost Workshee Total Electronic equipment investment Dollar value of connected electronic equipment of a typical facility Include all equipment with printed circuit boards such as PCs, UPS, printers, telephones, meters, switches, registers, TV, LCD and Plasma displays, and electronically controlled lighting ballasts Total Equipment at Risk _____ Employee productivity per hour Employee wages and benefits per hour - include hourly and salary _______ Revenue per hour Transactions per hour (x) Average transaction $ value (Qty per Hr x Avg. $ per Hr) = _______ or Normal revenue per hour during peak operation period _______ Estimated Labor Repair Costs IT, Maintenance, Electricians, Logistics _______ Lost Future Revenues Negatively affected customers may go to competition alternatives for months or years _______ Total Hourly Downtime Cost (excluding equipment replacement) _____ What are you doing to protect your Facilities Electronics? • Nothing? TVSS Technology GE TVSS Design – High Energy MOV Phase A 1 – 100kA High Energy MOV per Mode L-G= 100kA G L G Typical TVSS Design – Small MOV Arrays Phase A L-G= 100kA Multiple small electronic grade MOV’s mounted in arrays connected in parallel. G 100kA Rated Array (10kA per MOV) The Requirement for Exact Matching of MOV’s can present potential problems. Since MOV’s are non-linear, matching at lower energy levels does not mean the same performance at higher levels Typical TVSS Design – Small MOV Arrays Potential Problems caused by non-matched arrays Reduced Rating Phase A L-G= < 90kA 40-50kA Total Energy Transient G Tighter Clamping MOV’s cannot withstand energy level. Other Poorly Matched MOV’s are weakened, reducing the theoretical rating. Typical TVSS Design – Small MOV Arrays Subsequent Surges can cause further damage…even with less energy Further Reduced Rating Phase A L-G= < 70kA 20-30kA Total Energy Transient G Tighter Clamping MOV’s cannot withstand energy level. Other Poorly Matched MOV’s are weakened, reducing the theoretical rating even lower. Previously Weakened/Degraded MOV’s are now destroyed. GE TVSS Design – High Energy MOV Phase A Rating is Maintained L-G= 100kA 40-50kA Total Energy Transient G MOV DOES NOT FAIL! L G GE TVSS Design design vs Typical MOV Many Manufacturers GE TVSS Products Incorporate High Energy Metal Oxide Varistor Components Use Smaller, Electronic Grade MOV Arrays VS. 48mm Diameter Dual Wafer Tested to 100kA 20mm Diameter MOV’s Rated 6kA - 10kA GE TVSS Design – Components Serial to Surge Path Maximum Duty Copper Bus Structure Used in High Energy TR7000 Models GE TVSS Design – Components Serial to Surge Path Low Impedance Surge Rated Disconnect Switch Independent test facility verification for 200kA – 8/20us withstand (Optional on Some Models / Recommended when direct bus mounting is required) GE TVSS Design – Components Serial to Surge Path *Surge Rated Current Fuses *TPR7000 Series do not require current limiting fuses due to their enhanced thermal disconnect feature. Surge Fusing included on TR5000 and TR7000 models only. GE TVSS Design – Enhanced Thermal Protection NEW! GE TPR7000 series models are equipped with Enhanced Thermally Protected Metal Oxide Varistor (TPMOV) Technology Robust 34 mm2 MOV design. (Equal to 40mm round MOV’s) Thermal Disconnect with proprietary eutectic bond to MOV body. High dielectric strength arc suppression shield. TPMOV Features GE TVSS Design – MOV Types Vs. Q: When should I specify GE TPR7000 models with TPMOV technology instead of equally rated TR7000 models? A: GE TPR7000 series TVSS models are NEC and UL compliant to be installed directly on the power system bus at any location on the load side of the Main Service Breaker or Fuse. This provides flexibility of installation when a dedicated breaker is not used. Use GE TR5000 or GE TR7000 series if a dedicated circuit breaker is to be applied for outstanding clamping performance TVSS Application GE TR Series TVSS GE TVSS Design – Protection NEW ! GE TPR7000 series models are equipped with Enhanced Thermally Protected Metal Oxide Varistor (TPMOV) Technology Enhanced Thermal GE TVSS Products - TR Series Wall Mounted Nema Enclosed Service Entrance 150 – 300kA per mode Primary Distribution 80 – 125kA per mode Secondary Distribution 65 – 80kA per mode Point of Use 25 – 50kA per mode GE Recommends a minimum of (2) levels of TVSS protection for best results per ANSI/IEEE Emerald book recommended practices. Layered TVSS Protection per ANSI/IEEE C62.41 Categories of Exposure External Transient Sources Primary & Secondary Distribution Main TVSS Trans former Internal / External Transient Source A/C 480V TVSS TVSS 120V TVSS TVSS TVSS … … … Electronic Ballasts Sensitive Loads TVSS … Main 480V Branch Panels 120V Security Computers Video Internal Transient Sources Xfmr TVSS … 480V – 120V 480V Drives Service Entrance Category C Distribution Category B Point of Use Category A Motors TVSS Application Reasons for Layered System Protection 1) ANSI/IEEE C62.41,45 Emerald Book Guide to TVSS Application Outlines cascading TVSS approach for all categories and exposure levels 2) High level voltage spikes can get past service entrance Voltage spikes from high kA transients can still damage downstream equip 3) Internally generated transients – 80% of all transients Service entrance TVSS cannot provide protection from internal surges 4) Unexpected external transients in distribution – ie Rooftop AC Lightning strikes on building or nearby bring high kA transients into distribution 5) Redundant layered protection at multiple levels Additional layers protect sensitive electronics if upstream devices fail TVSS Installation - Bonding Requirements for Grounded System PHASE C PHASE B PHASE A NEUTRAL X3 X2 GROUND N G X0 Primary Dist. Panel w/Overcurrent or Service Disconnect Means X1 Bonding Jumper Ref. NEC 250 - 30 (a) (1) Equipment Grounding Conductor Ref. NEC 250.32 (B) (1) Grounding Electrode Conductor Ref. NEC 250.62 - 250.64 - 250.66 Grounding Electrode Ref. NEC 250 - 30 (a) (4) Note: Primary transformer windings not shown for simplicity Double Blind Ballast Surge Test – IEEE Paper 9 Models, 4 Manufacturers Lighting Ballasts clearly showed sensitivity to everyday transient activity generated inside and outside of commercial and industrial buildings, regardless of manufacturer. GE TVSS eliminated harmful transient surges that can greatly reduce the overall operational life of common products like lighting ballasts resulting in significant cost savings in equipment, reduced downtime and maintenance. With GE TVSS Surge Generator 30’ 10 AWG Cable Surge Generator 30’ 10 AWG Cable UUT GE TVSS Unprotected Lighting Assembly Protected Lighting Assembly UUT Without TVSS TVSS Installation System Voltage 3PH / 4W / WYE Configurations 3PH / 4W / HI LEG DELTA 3PH / 3W / DELTA L1 L3 L1 N N L2 120Y, 220Y, 240Y, 277Y, 347Y L1 L2 L3 3PH / 3W / WYE L2 L3 1PH / 3W / SPLIT PHASE 240D, 480D, 600D 240H 1PH / 3W / WYE L1 L1 L1 N N L2 L3 240D, 480D, 600D L2 L2 120S 120S GE TR7000, TPR7000 and TR5000 TVSS Summary Product: GE TR7000 TPR7000 and TR5000 Series TVSS Transient Voltage Surge Suppression Benefits Reduced Maintenance costs. Protect investment in sensitive electronics such as electronic ballasts and computers from damaging voltage spikes. Features Easily installs on new or existing branch panels feeding lighting or computer loads. Outstanding performance and longevity characteristics. Protects multiple electronics – All loads fed from the protected panel Available in 120, 277,480 and 600Volts. Application: Terms : Sag. Education, Retail, Warehouse, Plants, Office complex. Power quality, Spikes, Lightning strikes, Over-voltages, Swell,