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SPD’s
Surge Suppression Devices
GE Digital Energy
GE Enterprise Solutions
GE Digital Energy
GE Power Quality
TVSS, UPS, ATS & PSG
Some things are beyond our control
Some things aren’t
We can’t control the forces of
nature but we can protect our
business critical sensitive
electronics
Our investment in electronics such
as computers, energy saving
lighting systems, security, building
automation, and video is
dependent on the power quality
without and within our facilities
2003 Black Out – North Eastern
USA
The power outage of August 14, 2003 in the eastern part of N. America
left 50 million people in the dark. 61,800 MW of load was disrupted for
up to 4 days. When the power came back people lost electronic
equipment.
Transient Voltage
Surge Suppression
Overview
What is Transient Voltage ?
Voltage spikes are high energy short
duration transient voltage events that
damage or destroy sensitive electronic
equipment. Measured in milliseconds
they occur in a fraction of a cycle.
Equipment Affected
All equipment with printed circuit
boards and microprocessors are
susceptible to transient surge damage.
20% of Transients come from External
Sources
Characteristics:
High level surges, 10kA – over 200kA
Immediate Catastrophic Damage
Examples:
•
•
•
•
•
Lightning Strikes
Utility load switching
Fault Clearing
Crossed Power Lines
Damaged transformers
Transient Voltage Surges are the culprits
that
are destroying this sensitive electronic
These high energy transient voltage
equipment
surges (spikes) last less than a
fraction of a second but cause
catastrophic immediate damage to
electronic equipment and circuit
boards
Fuses and breakers simply
cannot react fast enough to
stop a transient voltage spike
Lightning Strike Density
Isochronic map USA
Lightning causes between
$250 - $500 million each year
in property damage across the
US.
* Based on analysis of insurance claims vs
cloud –to-ground lightning flash data by the
National Lightning Detection Network
More than half of these losses
are related to electronics
Sensitive Electronics
Computers
Electronic Ballasts
Cash Registers
ATMs
Building Automation
HVAC Systems
Manufacturing Equipment
Medical Equipment
Drives
PLCs
Electronically Controlled Motors
Security Systems
Audio & Video Equipment
Telephones
AM – PM It’s a matter of
time
Your Choice
Pro-Actively protect your equipment
now or spend more money and time
repairing, replacing, procuring, & shipping.
Add to that down time, safety issues, lost
production, compromised quality, compliance,
penalties, and availability to name a few.
Example: Ballast Cost $30
What’s the real cost
of equipment failure ?
Are you cruising full
speed ahead without
considering the cost ?
Labor Per Hour
$30
High Bay Equipment
$200
Procurement Cost
$100
Transaction Cost
$100
Disposal Cost
$50
Downtime Cost
$1000 +
80% of Transients come from Internal Sources
Characteristics:
Low level
Repeated multiple events
Cause damage over time
Examples:
• Compressors
• Inductive loads
•
•
•
•
•
– (i.e) motors & pumps
HVAC Units
Elevators
Drives – control elevators
Laser copiers
Cleaning equipment
– Vacuums, Floor polishers
Facility Power Quality Review
Qualify & Quantify TVSS Needs
Six Easy Steps to Take
1. Evaluate Protection measures currently in place
2. Estimate $ value of electronic equipment
3. Fill out Surge Exposure Cost Worksheet
4. Review electrical distribution layout
5. Count number of electrical panels - note
voltage
6. Select appropriate TVSS rating based on
location
The cost of protecting sensitive electronics from
damaging transient surges is only a fraction of
connected equipment investment
Financial Impact of
Surge Damage
Asset
Preventive
Management Maintenance
Without transient voltage protection its
only a matter of time before peak voltage
spikes damage electronics and cause
downtime
Typical Business Class Hotel
Guest Rooms:
Televisions
Flat Panel TV in the Lobby
Coffee Makers
PTAC’s
Appliances
Compact Fluorescents
Phones
Office Equipment:
Computers
Fax Machines
Appliances
Security System:
Camera
Monitors
Guests:
Lap Top Computers
Electronics Investment : Hotel Example
Guest Rooms:
Televisions
Coffee Makers
PTAC’s
Appliances - MWO & REF
Compact Fluorescents
Phones
Qty:
200
200
200
200
800
200
$/each
$100
$20
$500
$200
$5
$20
Total
$20000
$4000
$100000
$40000
$4000
$4000
Office Equipment/Lobby
Flat Panel TV (lobby)
Computers
Fax Machines
Appliances
Security System
Camera
Monitors
Guests:
Lap Top Computers
Qty:
1
3
1
3
Qty:
2
2
Qty:
50
$/each
$3000
$1000
$200
$200
$/each
$100
$100
Total
$3000
$3000
$200
$600
Total
$200
$200
$800
$40000
Total $220,000
Mid-Scale
Limited Service
200 Rooms
Occupancy 100%
Dollarize - Surge Exposure Cost
Workshee
Total Electronic equipment investment
Dollar value of connected electronic equipment of a typical facility
Include all equipment with printed circuit boards such as PCs, UPS, printers, telephones, meters,
switches, registers, TV, LCD and Plasma displays, and electronically controlled lighting ballasts
Total Equipment at Risk
_____
Employee productivity per hour
Employee wages and benefits per hour - include hourly and salary
_______
Revenue per hour
Transactions per hour (x) Average transaction $ value
(Qty per Hr x Avg. $ per Hr) =
_______
or
Normal revenue per hour during peak operation period
_______
Estimated Labor Repair Costs
IT, Maintenance, Electricians, Logistics
_______
Lost Future Revenues
Negatively affected customers may go to competition alternatives for months or years
_______
Total Hourly Downtime Cost (excluding equipment replacement) _____
What are you doing to protect your
Facilities Electronics?
• Nothing?
TVSS Technology
GE TVSS Design – High Energy MOV
Phase A
1 – 100kA High Energy MOV per
Mode
L-G= 100kA
G
L
G
Typical TVSS Design – Small MOV Arrays
Phase A
L-G= 100kA
Multiple small electronic grade MOV’s
mounted in arrays connected in
parallel.
G
100kA Rated
Array
(10kA per MOV)
The Requirement for Exact Matching of
MOV’s can present potential problems.
Since MOV’s are non-linear, matching
at lower energy levels does not mean
the same performance at higher levels
Typical TVSS Design – Small MOV Arrays
Potential Problems caused
by non-matched arrays
Reduced
Rating
Phase A
L-G= < 90kA
40-50kA Total Energy
Transient
G
Tighter Clamping MOV’s cannot
withstand energy level.
Other Poorly Matched MOV’s are
weakened, reducing the
theoretical rating.
Typical TVSS Design – Small MOV Arrays
Subsequent Surges can
cause further
damage…even with less
energy
Further
Reduced
Rating
Phase A
L-G= < 70kA
20-30kA Total Energy
Transient
G
Tighter Clamping MOV’s cannot
withstand energy level.
Other Poorly Matched MOV’s are
weakened, reducing the
theoretical rating even lower.
Previously Weakened/Degraded MOV’s are now
destroyed.
GE TVSS Design – High Energy MOV
Phase A
Rating is
Maintained
L-G=
100kA
40-50kA Total Energy
Transient
G
MOV DOES NOT FAIL!
L
G
GE TVSS Design
design
vs Typical MOV
Many
Manufacturers
GE
TVSS Products Incorporate
High Energy Metal Oxide
Varistor Components
Use Smaller,
Electronic Grade MOV
Arrays
VS.
48mm Diameter Dual Wafer
Tested to 100kA
20mm Diameter
MOV’s
Rated 6kA - 10kA
GE TVSS Design – Components Serial to Surge
Path
Maximum Duty
Copper Bus
Structure
Used in High Energy
TR7000 Models
GE TVSS Design – Components Serial to Surge
Path
Low Impedance
Surge Rated Disconnect Switch
Independent test facility verification for
200kA – 8/20us withstand
(Optional on Some Models / Recommended
when direct bus mounting is required)
GE TVSS Design – Components Serial to Surge
Path
*Surge Rated Current Fuses
*TPR7000 Series do not require current limiting fuses due
to their enhanced thermal disconnect feature.
Surge Fusing included on TR5000 and TR7000 models only.
GE TVSS Design – Enhanced Thermal Protection
NEW! GE TPR7000 series models are equipped with
Enhanced Thermally Protected Metal Oxide Varistor (TPMOV)
Technology
Robust 34 mm2 MOV design.
(Equal to 40mm round
MOV’s)
Thermal Disconnect
with proprietary
eutectic bond to
MOV body.
High dielectric
strength arc
suppression shield.
TPMOV Features
GE TVSS Design – MOV Types
Vs.
Q: When should I specify GE TPR7000 models with TPMOV
technology instead of equally rated TR7000 models?
A: GE TPR7000 series TVSS models are NEC and UL
compliant to be installed directly on the power system bus at
any location on the load side of the Main Service Breaker or
Fuse. This provides flexibility of installation when a
dedicated breaker is not used.
Use GE TR5000 or GE TR7000 series if a dedicated circuit
breaker is to be applied for outstanding clamping
performance
TVSS Application
GE TR Series TVSS
GE TVSS Design –
Protection
NEW !
GE TPR7000 series
models are
equipped with
Enhanced
Thermally Protected
Metal Oxide Varistor
(TPMOV)
Technology
Enhanced Thermal
GE TVSS Products - TR Series
Wall Mounted Nema Enclosed
Service Entrance
150 – 300kA per mode
Primary Distribution
80 – 125kA per mode
Secondary Distribution
65 – 80kA per mode
Point of Use
25 – 50kA per mode
GE Recommends a minimum of
(2) levels of TVSS protection for
best results per ANSI/IEEE
Emerald book recommended
practices.
Layered TVSS Protection per ANSI/IEEE C62.41 Categories of Exposure
External Transient
Sources
Primary & Secondary
Distribution
Main
TVSS
Trans
former
Internal / External Transient
Source
A/C
480V
TVSS
TVSS
120V
TVSS
TVSS
TVSS
…
…
…
Electronic
Ballasts
Sensitive Loads
TVSS
…
Main
480V
Branch Panels 120V
Security
Computers
Video
Internal Transient Sources
Xfmr
TVSS …
480V – 120V
480V
Drives
Service Entrance
Category C
Distribution
Category B
Point of Use
Category A
Motors
TVSS Application
Reasons for Layered System Protection
1) ANSI/IEEE C62.41,45 Emerald Book Guide to TVSS Application
Outlines cascading TVSS approach for all categories and exposure levels
2) High level voltage spikes can get past service entrance
Voltage spikes from high kA transients can still damage downstream equip
3) Internally generated transients – 80% of all transients
Service entrance TVSS cannot provide protection from internal surges
4) Unexpected external transients in distribution – ie Rooftop AC
Lightning strikes on building or nearby bring high kA transients into distribution
5) Redundant layered protection at multiple levels
Additional layers protect sensitive electronics if upstream devices fail
TVSS Installation -
Bonding Requirements for Grounded System
PHASE C
PHASE B
PHASE A
NEUTRAL
X3
X2
GROUND
N
G
X0
Primary Dist.
Panel w/Overcurrent
or Service Disconnect
Means
X1
Bonding Jumper
Ref. NEC 250 - 30 (a) (1)
Equipment Grounding
Conductor Ref. NEC
250.32 (B) (1)
Grounding Electrode
Conductor Ref. NEC
250.62 - 250.64 - 250.66
Grounding Electrode
Ref. NEC 250 - 30 (a) (4)
Note:
Primary transformer windings
not shown for simplicity
Double Blind Ballast Surge Test – IEEE Paper
9 Models, 4 Manufacturers
Lighting Ballasts clearly showed sensitivity to everyday transient activity generated inside and outside of
commercial and industrial buildings, regardless of manufacturer. GE TVSS eliminated harmful transient surges
that can greatly reduce the overall operational life of common products like lighting ballasts resulting in significant
cost savings in equipment, reduced downtime and maintenance.
With GE TVSS
Surge Generator
30’ 10 AWG Cable
Surge Generator 30’ 10 AWG Cable
UUT
GE
TVSS
Unprotected
Lighting Assembly
Protected
Lighting Assembly
UUT
Without TVSS
TVSS Installation
System Voltage
3PH / 4W / WYE
Configurations
3PH / 4W / HI LEG
DELTA
3PH / 3W / DELTA
L1
L3
L1
N
N
L2
120Y, 220Y,
240Y, 277Y, 347Y
L1
L2
L3
3PH / 3W / WYE
L2
L3
1PH / 3W / SPLIT PHASE
240D, 480D, 600D
240H
1PH / 3W / WYE
L1
L1
L1
N
N
L2
L3
240D, 480D, 600D
L2
L2
120S
120S
GE TR7000, TPR7000 and TR5000 TVSS
Summary
Product:
GE TR7000 TPR7000 and TR5000 Series TVSS
Transient Voltage Surge Suppression
Benefits
Reduced Maintenance costs.
Protect investment in sensitive electronics such
as electronic ballasts and computers from
damaging voltage spikes.
Features
Easily installs on new or existing branch panels
feeding lighting or computer loads.
Outstanding performance and longevity characteristics.
Protects multiple electronics – All loads fed from the
protected panel
Available in 120, 277,480 and 600Volts.
Application:
Terms :
Sag.
Education, Retail, Warehouse, Plants, Office
complex.
Power quality, Spikes, Lightning strikes, Over-voltages, Swell,