Download Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal Cell Carcinoma
Symptoms1,2
Although these can be
associated with other, less
serious conditions, symptoms
of RCC may include:
Fact Sheet
May 2016
What is Renal Cell Carcinoma?
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer and accounts globally
for about 2–3% of all cancers in adults.3,4 The most common type of RCC is clear cell
carcinoma, accounting for approximately 70% of all cases.5
Key Risk Factors6-8
BLOOD IN URINE
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Workplace exposure to industrial
chemicals such as cadmium,
trichloroethylene and some herbicides
• Having an inherited cancer syndrome,
such as von Hippel-Lindau disease
• Family history of RCC, particularly
among siblings
• High blood pressure
• Advanced kidney disease
• Male gender
• Low consumption of fruits and vegetables
Diagnosis and Prognosis
A PERSISTENT
PAIN IN THE SIDE
(not caused by injury)
Diagnosing RCC during the early stages of the disease can be challenging as tumors may grow
without presenting symptoms.9 Despite improved diagnostic imaging techniques, about 20–30% of
patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease.10
The 5-year survival rate for localized kidney and renal pelvis cancer is approximately 90%.11
However, the 5-year overall survival for patients with distant metastatic RCC is approximately 12%.11
A MASS (LUMP) ON THE
SIDE OR LOWER BACK
Incidence
Rates of RCC vary substantially worldwide, with a generally higher incidence in Eastern Asia,
North America and Central/Eastern Europe.12
In 2012, approximately
FATIGUE
LOSS OF APPETITE
304,000
new cases of RCC
were diagnosed
worldwide10,13
In 2012, more than
84,000
new cases of RCC
were diagnosed
in Europe14
Approximately
UNEXPLAINED
WEIGHT LOSS
PERSISTENT FEVER NOT
CAUSED BY AN INFECTION
ANEMIA
(low red blood cell count)
55,000
new cases of RCC
were diagnosed in
the U.S. in 20155
Treatment
Current treatment options for RCC may include:15
• Ablation and other local therapies
• Active surveillance
• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Surgery
• Targeted therapy
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Renal Cell Carcinoma
Fact Sheet
May 2016
Need for Further Research
Despite advances in the treatment of RCC, the prognosis for patients remains poor when the disease has metastasized
beyond the kidneys.10 There is a clear unmet medical need for new treatment options. To learn about clinical trials in RCC, visit
www.clinicaltrials.gov and search for ‘renal cell carcinoma’ or ‘kidney cancer’.
References
1. American Cancer Society. Signs and symptoms of kidney cancer. Available from: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidneycancer/detailedguide/kidney-canceradult-signs-and-symptoms. Accessed January 2016.
2. Cancer Research UK. Symptoms of kidney cancer. Available from: http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/kidney-cancer/about/symptoms-ofkidney-cancer. Accessed January 2016.
3. American Cancer Society. What is kidney cancer? Available from: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidneycancer/detailedguide/kidney-cancer-adult-what-iskidney-cancer. Accessed April 2016.
4. Escudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M et al Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annal Oncol 2014; 25(Suppl
3):iii49-iii56.
5. NCCN Kidney Cancer Guidelines version 2.2016. Available from: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/kidney.pdf. Accessed March 2016.
6. Chow W, Dong L and Devesa S. Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2010;7:245–257.
7. American Cancer Society. What are the risk factors for kidney cancer? Available from: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidneycancer/detailedguide/kidney-canceradult-risk-factors. Accessed January 2016.
8. Mayo Clinic. Kidney cancer, risk factors. Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/basics/risk-factors/con-20024753. Accessed
January 2016.
9. American Cancer Society. Can kidney cancer be found early? Available from: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidneycancer/detailedguide/kidney-cancer-adultdetection. Accessed January 2016.
10. Ljungberg B, Campbell S and Cho H. The Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2011;60:615-621
11. National Cancer Institute: SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Kidney and Renal Pelvis. Available from: http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/kidrp.html. Accessed February 2016.
12. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)/World Health Organization. GLOBOCAN 2012: Kidney, adults. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr/old/bar_sex_site_prev.asp?selection=10210&title=Kidney&statistic=3&populations=6&window=1&grid=1&color1=5&color1e=&color2=4&color2e=&submit=%C2%A0Execute. Accessed March 2016.
13. World Cancer Research Fund International: Kidney Cancer statistics. Available from: http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/kidney-cancer-statistics. Accessed March 2016.
14. European Association of Urology. Renal Cell Carcinoma Guidelines. Available from: http://uroweb.org/guideline/renal-cell-carcinoma/. Accessed April 2016.
15. American Cancer Society. How is kidney cancer treated? Available from: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidneycancer/detailedguide/kidney-cancer-adult-treating-general-info. Accessed January 2016.
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