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FINAL - G 2014 AFI RCC Fact Sheet
G-AFI-1084486
Date Approved: March 6, 2014
FOR MEDIA USE ONLY
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA FACT SHEET
The most common type of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma (RCC); it accounts for 80% to
85% of malignant kidney tumors1. Renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 2% of all
new cancer cases worldwide, and annually, there are an estimated 200,000 new RCC cases
and over 100,000 deaths2.
There are several types of RCC, but the most common is called clear cell, which accounts for
75% of diagnoses3. In RCC, cancer cells develop in the lining of the kidney’s tubes and grow
into a mass, commonly called a tumor4.
5
Signs & Symptoms of RCC
Symptoms include, but are not limited to:
 Blood in the urine
 A lump in the abdomen or side
 A pain in the side that does not go
away
 Anemia
 Weight loss for no known reason
 Fever
 Fatigue
Risks for occurrence
The approximate age of diagnosis with RCC is 60-65
and the disease is twice as common in men as it is in
women2,3.
Several factors can be attributed to an increased risk
of RCC, including smoking, obesity, high blood
pressure and having a family history of certain
conditions, such as von Hippel-Lindau disease, a rare
genetic multi-system disorder characterized by
abnormal blood vessel growth5,6.
Treatment options
Nearly one-fifth of patients with RCC have metastatic, or advanced, cancer at the time of
diagnosis, meaning the cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body7. Once kidney
cancer has metastasized to other parts of the body, only about 12% of patients will live longer
than five years following their diagnosis7. Therefore, it is important to identify and diagnose RCC
at early stages5,7.
If RCC is diagnosed in the early stages before it has spread to other parts of the body, the
tumor can often be removed through surgery4. While there is no cure for advanced kidney
cancer, several treatment options are available, including radiation therapy, targeted therapy,
immunotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination of these treatments4.
Staging of renal cell carcinoma+
There are several stages of RCC, based on the size, location and advancement of the tumor,
used to describe the extent the cancer has spread2.
+
2
TNM
T1a
Description
Tumor ≤4.0 cm and confined to the kidney
T1b
Tumor >4.0 and ≤7.0 cm and confined to the kidney
T2a
Tumor >7.0 cm but < 10 cm and confined to the kidney
T2b
Tumor > 10 cm and confined to the kidney
T3a
Tumor invades adrenal gland or perinephric fat but not beyond Gerota’s fascia
T3b
Tumor extents into the renal vein (or its segmental branches) or vena cava below diaphragm
T3c
Tumor extends into the vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava
Staging according to TNM 2002 staging system, as employed by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)
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Novartis Pharma AG
CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
Page 1 of 2
©Novartis 2014
March 2014
G-AFI-1084486
FINAL - G 2014 AFI RCC Fact Sheet
G-AFI-1084486
Date Approved: March 6, 2014
FOR MEDIA USE ONLY
T4
Tumor invades beyond Gerota’s fascia
N1
Metastasis in a single regional lymph node
N2
Metastases in more than one regional lymph node
M1
Distant metastasis present
T: Primary tumor; N: Regional lymph nodes; M: Distant metastases
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Motzer,
R.
et
al.
Renal-Cell
Carcinoma.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Available
at
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199609193351207. Accessed February 2014.
Escudier, B. et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of
Oncology 20: Suppl 4:iv81-ivb2, 2009.
Bellmunt, J. et al. Recommendations from the Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group for the treatment of metastatic renal
cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009;63:S1-S13.
National
Cancer
Institute.
“Renal
Cell
Cancer
PDQ.”
Available
at
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/renalcell/patient. Accessed February 2014.
National
Cancer
Institute.
“What
you
need
to
know
about
kidney
cancer.”
Available
at
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/kidney/page5. Accessed February 2012.
National Cancer Institute. “Dictionary of Cancer Terms.” Available at http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/?CdrID=45563.
Accessed February 2014.
National
Cancer
Institute.
“Seer
Stat
Fact
Sheets:
Kidney
and
Renal
Pelvis.”
Available
at
http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/kidrp.html#survival. Accessed February 2014.
###
+
Staging according to TNM 2002 staging system, as employed by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)
www.novartis.com
Novartis Pharma AG
CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
Page 2 of 2
©Novartis 2014
March 2014
G-AFI-1084486