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FINAL - G 2014 AFI RCC Fact Sheet G-AFI-1084486 Date Approved: March 6, 2014 FOR MEDIA USE ONLY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA FACT SHEET The most common type of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma (RCC); it accounts for 80% to 85% of malignant kidney tumors1. Renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 2% of all new cancer cases worldwide, and annually, there are an estimated 200,000 new RCC cases and over 100,000 deaths2. There are several types of RCC, but the most common is called clear cell, which accounts for 75% of diagnoses3. In RCC, cancer cells develop in the lining of the kidney’s tubes and grow into a mass, commonly called a tumor4. 5 Signs & Symptoms of RCC Symptoms include, but are not limited to: Blood in the urine A lump in the abdomen or side A pain in the side that does not go away Anemia Weight loss for no known reason Fever Fatigue Risks for occurrence The approximate age of diagnosis with RCC is 60-65 and the disease is twice as common in men as it is in women2,3. Several factors can be attributed to an increased risk of RCC, including smoking, obesity, high blood pressure and having a family history of certain conditions, such as von Hippel-Lindau disease, a rare genetic multi-system disorder characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth5,6. Treatment options Nearly one-fifth of patients with RCC have metastatic, or advanced, cancer at the time of diagnosis, meaning the cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body7. Once kidney cancer has metastasized to other parts of the body, only about 12% of patients will live longer than five years following their diagnosis7. Therefore, it is important to identify and diagnose RCC at early stages5,7. If RCC is diagnosed in the early stages before it has spread to other parts of the body, the tumor can often be removed through surgery4. While there is no cure for advanced kidney cancer, several treatment options are available, including radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination of these treatments4. Staging of renal cell carcinoma+ There are several stages of RCC, based on the size, location and advancement of the tumor, used to describe the extent the cancer has spread2. + 2 TNM T1a Description Tumor ≤4.0 cm and confined to the kidney T1b Tumor >4.0 and ≤7.0 cm and confined to the kidney T2a Tumor >7.0 cm but < 10 cm and confined to the kidney T2b Tumor > 10 cm and confined to the kidney T3a Tumor invades adrenal gland or perinephric fat but not beyond Gerota’s fascia T3b Tumor extents into the renal vein (or its segmental branches) or vena cava below diaphragm T3c Tumor extends into the vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava Staging according to TNM 2002 staging system, as employed by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) www.novartis.com Novartis Pharma AG CH-4002 Basel Switzerland Page 1 of 2 ©Novartis 2014 March 2014 G-AFI-1084486 FINAL - G 2014 AFI RCC Fact Sheet G-AFI-1084486 Date Approved: March 6, 2014 FOR MEDIA USE ONLY T4 Tumor invades beyond Gerota’s fascia N1 Metastasis in a single regional lymph node N2 Metastases in more than one regional lymph node M1 Distant metastasis present T: Primary tumor; N: Regional lymph nodes; M: Distant metastases References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Motzer, R. et al. Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. Available at http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199609193351207. Accessed February 2014. Escudier, B. et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology 20: Suppl 4:iv81-ivb2, 2009. Bellmunt, J. et al. Recommendations from the Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group for the treatment of metastatic renal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009;63:S1-S13. National Cancer Institute. “Renal Cell Cancer PDQ.” Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/renalcell/patient. Accessed February 2014. National Cancer Institute. “What you need to know about kidney cancer.” Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/kidney/page5. Accessed February 2012. National Cancer Institute. “Dictionary of Cancer Terms.” Available at http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/?CdrID=45563. Accessed February 2014. National Cancer Institute. “Seer Stat Fact Sheets: Kidney and Renal Pelvis.” Available at http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/kidrp.html#survival. Accessed February 2014. ### + Staging according to TNM 2002 staging system, as employed by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) www.novartis.com Novartis Pharma AG CH-4002 Basel Switzerland Page 2 of 2 ©Novartis 2014 March 2014 G-AFI-1084486