Download children and young people 2008

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008<190>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008504143
Authors Perepletchikova F. Krystal J.H. Kaufman J.
Institution
(Perepletchikova) Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Research and Education
(CARE) Program, 100 York Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
(Perepletchikova, Krystal, Kaufman) Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, United States.
(Krystal, Kaufman) NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, Clinical Neuroscience Division,
National Center for PTSD and Alcohol Research, West Haven, CT, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Practitioner review: Adolescent alcohol use disorders: Assessment and treatment
issues.
Source
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 49(11)(pp 1131-1154),
2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Background: Alcohol use disorders in adolescents are associated with significant morbidity
and mortality. Over the past decade, there has been a burgeoning of research on adolescent
alcohol use disorders. Methods: A summary of the alcohol assessment tools is provided, and
randomized studies reviewed and synthesized to provide an overview of state of the art
knowledge of treatment of adolescent alcohol use disorders. Animal models of addiction are
also briefly reviewed, and the value of translational research approaches, using findings from
basic studies to guide the design of clinical investigations, is also highlighted. Results:
Comorbidity is the rule, not the exception in adolescent alcohol use disorders.
Comprehensive assessment of psychiatric and other substance use disorders, trauma
experiences, and suicidality is indicated in this population to optimize selection of appropriate
clinical interventions. In terms of available investigated treatments for adolescents with
alcohol use disorders, Multidimensional Family Therapy and group administered Cognitive
Behavioral Therapies have received the most empirical support to date. There is a paucity of
research on pharmacological interventions in this patient population, and no firm treatment
recommendations can be made in this area. Conclusions: Given the high rate of relapse after
treatment, evaluation of combined psychosocial and pharmacological interventions, and the
development of novel intervention strategies are indicated. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0021-9630
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
Volume 49
Issue Part 11
Page 1131-1154
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <192>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008510171
Authors Schroder R. Sellman D. Frampton C. Deering D.
Institution
(Schroder, Sellman, Deering) National Addiction Centre, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
(Frampton) Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Profile of young people attending alcohol and other drug treatment services in
Aotearoa, New Zealand: Clinical file search.
Source
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 42(11)(pp 963-968), 2008. Date of
Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Informa Healthcare
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to provide a profile of young people attending
alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment services in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Method: Data
were gathered from a clinical file search of 184 randomly selected young people aged 13-19
years who had attended one of eight youth AOD treatment services in New Zealand during
2003 or 2004. These services represented eight of the 11 youth-specific AOD services
available to youth in New Zealand. Results: Young people who attend youth-specific AOD
services in New Zealand present with a range of complex needs including substance use and
mental health issues, criminality, family conflict and disengagement from school. A total of
62.0% were male, 56.4% had criminal convictions, 40.6% had spent some time in Child,
Youth and Family Services care and 53.8% were reported to have a coexisting substance use
and mental health disorder. Low rates of reporting of substance use and mental health
diagnoses in treatment files suggest that substance use and mental health disorders among
this population are likely to be higher than those reported. Conclusions: This paper provides a
unique profile of young people attending youth-specific AOD treatments in New Zealand.
Such information is useful in informing treatment planning and funding and ensuring that
service development occurs to specifically meet the complex needs of this patient group.
ISSN 0004-8674
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
Volume 42
Issue Part 11
Page 963-968
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <203>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008512911
Authors Low N.C. Lee S.S. Johnson J.G. Williams J.B. Harris E.S.
Institution
(Low) Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
(Lee) Mills College, Oakland, CA, United States.
(Johnson, Williams) Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York,
NY, United States.
(Harris) Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, University of California,
Sacramento, CA, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The association between anxiety and alcohol versus cannabis abuse disorders
among adolescents in primary care settings.
Source
Family Practice. 25(5)(pp 321-327), 2008. Date of Publication: 2008.
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Abstract
Background. Both clinical and population-based studies show that anxiety disorders and
substance misuse frequently co-occur in adults, whereas among adolescents, less
examination of this association has been done. Adolescence is frequently the time of
substance use initiation and its subsequent interaction with anxiety disorders has not been
fully explored. It is unknown in adolescents whether anxiety is more related to alcohol abuse
versus cannabis abuse. In addition, as depression has been implicated in adolescents with
both anxiety and substance misuse, its role in the association should also be considered.
Objective. To test the association between current anxiety with alcohol versus cannabis
abuse disorders. Method. Cross-sectional, clinician-administered, structured assessment using the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders - to evaluate anxiety, mood and
substance abuse disorders among 632 adolescents recruited from primary care settings.
Results. Results show a strong association between current anxiety and alcohol [odds ratio =
3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-11.8], but not cannabis (odds ratio = 1.4; 95% CI 0.44.7) abuse. Conclusion. This association in adolescents reflects the importance for increased
awareness of anxiety symptoms and alcohol use patterns in primary care. The lack of
association of anxiety with cannabis abuse in this group may reflect differences in cannabis'
anxiolytic properties or that this young group has had less exposure thus far. Given
adolescence is a time of especially rapid psychosocial, hormonal and brain development,
primary care may provide an opportunity for further investigation and, potentially, early
screening and intervention. copyright The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press.
All rights reserved.
ISSN 0263-2136
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Family Practice
Volume 25
Issue Part 5
Page 321-327
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <217>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008489447
Authors Agrawal A. Lynskey M.T. Pergadia M.L. Bucholz K.K. Heath A.C. Martin N.G. Madden P.A.F.
Institution
(Agrawal, Lynskey, Pergadia, Bucholz, Heath, Madden) Washington University School of Medicine, Department. of
Psychiatry, St Louis, MO, United States.
(Martin) Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
(Agrawal) Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8134, St Louis,
MO 63110, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Early cannabis use and DSM-IV nicotine dependence: A twin study.
Source
Addiction. 103(11)(pp 1896-1904), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that cannabis users are at increased risk for cigarette
smoking - if so, this may potentially be the single most alarming public health challenge posed
by cannabis use. We examine whether cannabis use prior to age 17 years is associated with
an increased likelihood of DSM-IV nicotine dependence and the extent to which genetic and
environmental factors contribute to this association. Methods: A population-based cohort of
24-36-year-old Australian male and female twins (n = 6257, 286 and 229 discordant pairs)
was used. The co-twin-control method, with twin pairs discordant for early cannabis use, was
used to examine whether, after controlling for genetic and familial environmental background,
there was evidence for an additional influence of early cannabis use on DSM-IV nicotine
dependence. Bivariate genetic models were fitted to the full data set to quantify the genetic
correlation between early cannabis use and nicotine dependence. Results: The early
cannabis-using twin was about twice as likely to report nicotine dependence, when compared
to their co-twin who had experimented with cigarettes but had never used cannabis. Even
when analyses were restricted to cannabis users, earlier age cannabis use onset conferred
greater risk (1.7) for nicotine dependence than did later onset. This association was governed
largely by common genetic liability to early cannabis use and nicotine dependence, as
demonstrated by genetic correlations of 0.41-0.52. Conclusions: Early-onset cannabis users
are at increased risk for nicotine dependence, but this risk is attributable largely to common
genetic vulnerability. There is no evidence for a causal relationship between cannabis use
and nicotine dependence. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 11
Page 1896-1904
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <219>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008489435
Authors McCambridge J. Slym R.L. Strang J.
Institution
(McCambridge) Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Policy,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
(McCambridge, Slym, Strang) National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London,
United Kingdom.
(McCambridge) Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Policy,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing compared with drug
information and advice for early intervention among young cannabis users.
Source
Addiction. 103(11)(pp 1809-1818), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Aim: To test the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) in comparison with drug
information and advice in opportunistically securing reductions in drug-related risk among
young cannabis users not seeking help. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Eleven
London Further Education colleges. Participants: A total of 326 students aged 16-19 years
who smoked cannabis weekly or more frequently. Interventions: Participants were
randomized to a single-session intervention of MI or drug information and advice-giving.
Measurements: Cannabis use, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and harm
outcomes were assessed after both 3 and 6 months. Findings: No differences were found
between MI and drug information and advice, although MI fidelity was not high. There were
wide-ranging individual practitioner effects on observed outcomes and a practitionerintervention interaction was detected in relation to cannabis cessation after 3 months. Change
over time was more pronounced for cannabis use than for other drug use. Conclusions:
Further study of the nature and consequences of MI fidelity, and individual practitioner effects
more generally, is needed. Advice may be an effective brief intervention with young cannabis
users in its own right and should be evaluated further in trials. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 11
Page 1809-1818
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <228>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008461370
Authors Skara S. Pokhrel P. Weiner M.D. Sun P. Dent C.W. Sussman S.
Institution
(Skara, Pokhrel, Weiner, Sun, Dent, Sussman) Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Promotion
and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Physical and relational aggression as predictors of drug use: Gender differences
among high school students.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 33(12)(pp 1507-1515), 2008. Date of Publication: December 2008.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
The present study investigated the longitudinal relationships between physical and relational
aggression and later drug use, as moderated by gender. Self-reported data were gathered
from 2064 high school students at pretest and 1-year post-test to test the hypotheses that (1)
males would engage in more physical aggression than females, whereas females would
engage in more relational aggression than males; and (2) physical aggression would be a
stronger drug use predictor for males and relational aggression a stronger predictor for
females. Results indicated that males reported engaging in more physical aggression than
females at baseline; however, females and males reported engaging in similar rates of
relational aggression. After controlling for relational aggression, baseline drug use, and
demographic variables, physical aggression at baseline was found to predict alcohol use 1year later for males but not for females. After controlling for physical aggression, baseline
drug use, and demographic variables, relational aggression was found to predict cigarette use
and marijuana use for females but not for males. However, relational aggression was found to
predict later alcohol and hard drug equally across gender. These findings suggest that both
physical and relational aggression are predictive of subsequent drug use and have important
implications for violence and drug use prevention intervention efforts. copyright 2008.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 33
Issue Part 12
Page 1507-1515
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication December 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <259>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008437042
Authors Harder V.S. Stuart E.A. Anthony J.C.
Institution
(Harder, Stuart) Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Anthony) Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, United States.
(Harder) 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Adolescent cannabis problems and young adult depression: Male-female stratified
propensity score analyses.
Source
American Journal of Epidemiology. 168(6)(pp 592-601), 2008. Date of Publication:
September 2008.
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Abstract
Cannabis use and depression are two of the most prevalent conditions worldwide.
Adolescent cannabis use is linked to depression in many studies, but the effects of
adolescent cannabis involvement on young adult depression remain unclear and may differ
for males versus females. In this cohort study of youth from a mid-Atlantic metropolitan area
of the United States, repeated assessments from 1985 (at age 6 years) through 2002 (at age
21 years) were made for 1,494 individuals (55% female). Measured covariate differences
between individuals with and without cannabis problems were controlled via propensity score
techniques. The estimated risk of young adult depression for adolescents with cannabis
problems was not significantly different from that for comparison adolescents for either
females (odds ratio = 0.7, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 2.3) or males (odds ratio = 1.7, 95%
confidence interval: 0.8, 3.6). The evidence does not support a causal association linking
adolescent-onset cannabis problems with young adult depression. copyright The Author
2008. Published by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights
reserved.
ISSN 0002-9262
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal of Epidemiology
Volume 168
Issue Part 6
Page 592-601
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication September 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <264>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008423455
Authors Macleod J. Hickman M. Bowen E. Alati R. Tilling K. Smith G.D.
Institution
(Macleod, Hickman, Tilling, Smith) Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
(Bowen) Department of Psychology, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
(Alati) School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
(Macleod) Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Parental drug use, early adversities, later childhood problems and children's use of
tobacco and alcohol at age 10: Birth cohort study.
Source
Addiction. 103(10)(pp 1731-1743), 2008. Date of Publication: October 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Aims: To estimate the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use among children at age 10
years and to investigate possible influences on this. Design: Birth cohort study. Setting:
England. Participants: A total of 6895 children provided data at age 10. Measurements:
Parental tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use, parental social position, children's intelligence,
behavioural and emotional problems, children's tobacco and alcohol use at age 10. Findings:
A total of 1.3% of children reported smoking and 1.8% reported drinking alcohol, with boys
reporting higher use than girls. Parental social disadvantage was the strongest predictor of
children's smoking and also predicted children's alcohol use. Some of this association
appeared to be mediated through the greater experience of childhood behavioural and
cognitive problems among the disadvantaged. Parental smoking and paternal alcohol use had
little independent influence on offspring drug use. Postnatal, rather than prenatal, maternal
alcohol use predicted children's alcohol use. Conclusions: Strategies to prevent early initiation
of tobacco and alcohol use should focus upon the reduction of childhood social disadvantage
and the behavioural and cognitive problems associated with this. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 10
Page 1731-1743
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication October 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <266>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008423448
Authors Liddle H.A. Dakof G.A. Turner R.M. Henderson C.E. Greenbaum P.E.
Institution
(Liddle, Dakof) University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
(Turner) University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
(Henderson) Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, United States.
(Greenbaum) University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
(Liddle) Center for Treatment Research on Adolescent Drug Abuse, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Treating adolescent drug abuse: A randomized trial comparing multidimensional
family therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.
Source
Addiction. 103(10)(pp 1660-1670), 2008. Date of Publication: October 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Aim: To examine the efficacy of two adolescent drug abuse treatments: individual cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT) and multidimensional family therapy (MDFT). Design: A 2
(treatment condition) x 4 (time) repeated-measures intent-to-treat randomized design. Data
were gathered at baseline, termination, 6 and 12 months post-termination. Analyses used
latent growth curve modeling. Setting: Community-based drug abuse clinic in the northeastern
United States. Participants: A total of 224 youth, primarily male (81%), African American
(72%), from low-income single-parent homes (58%) with an average age of 15 years were
recruited into the study. All youth were drug users, with 75% meeting DSM-IV criteria for
cannabis dependence and 13% meeting criteria for abuse. Measurements: Five outcomes
were measured: (i) substance use problem severity; (ii) 30-day frequency of cannabis use; (iii)
30-day frequency of alcohol use; (iv) 30-day frequency of other drug use; and (v) 30-day
abstinence. Findings: Both treatments produced significant decreases in cannabis
consumption and slightly significant reductions in alcohol use, but there were no treatment
differences in reducing frequency of cannabis and alcohol use. Significant treatment effects
were found favoring MDFT on substance use problem severity, other drug use and minimal
use (zero or one occasion of use) of all substances, and these effects continued to 12 months
following treatment termination. Conclusion: Both interventions are promising treatments.
Consistent with previous controlled trials, MDFT is distinguished by the sustainability of
treatment effects. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 10
Page 1660-1670
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication October 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE (A) <304>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008385295
Authors Penzner J.H. Thompson D.L. Arth C. Fowler J.K. Ary A.W. Szumlinski K.K.
Institution
(Penzner, Thompson, Arth, Fowler, Ary, Szumlinski) Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Research Institute,
University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.
(Szumlinski) Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Protracted 'anti-addictive' effects of adolescent phenylpropanolamine exposure in
C57BL/6J mice.
Source
Addiction Biology. 13(3-4)(pp 310-325), 2008. Date of Publication: September 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Exposure to the once highly prevalent over-the-counter (OTC) sympathomimetic
phenylpropanolamine (PPA; +/--norephedrine) during pre-adolescence alters the
developmental trajectory of catecholamine and amino acid neurotransmitter systems in the
nucleus accumbens (NAC) that culminate in a 'pro-addictive' phenotype in adulthood. Thus,
the present study sought to extend these earlier data by examining the long-term
consequences of repeated PPA treatment during adolescence upon the behavioral and
neurochemical responses to cocaine. For this, C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with PPA (040 mg/kg) during postnatal days 35-44, and the capacity of cocaine (4 x 15 mg/kg) to elicit a
conditioned place-preference, as well as behavioral and neurochemical sensitization within
the NAC, were then assessed in adulthood. While adolescent PPA exposure did not influence
spontaneous locomotor activity or the motor responses to either acute or repeated cocaine (4
x 15 mg/kg), PPA pre-exposure dose-dependently reduced the expression of a conditioned
place-preference. As observed previously for juvenile PPA treatment, adolescent PPA
administration blunted the dopamine and norepinephrine response to acute cocaine,
prevented the development of catecholamine sensitization but did not influence cocaineinduced elevations in serotonin. However, unlike juvenile PPA treatment, adolescent PPA
also prevented the development of glutamate sensitization within the NAC. These data
provide evidence that adolescent exposure to a formerly prevalent OTC sympathomimetic
produces protracted effects upon cocaine-induced changes in NAC glutamate transmission
that may reduce vulnerability to cocaine addiction in later life and further the hypothesis that
early exposure to sympathomimetic drugs may be an environmental factor contributing to the
etiology of addiction. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 1355-6215
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction Biology
Volume 13
Issue Part 3-4
Page 310-325
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication September 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <310>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008410283
Authors Shek D.T.L. Tang V.M.Y. Lo C.Y.
Institution
(Shek) Centre for Quality of Life, Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong,
(Shek) Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau,
(Shek, Tang) Social Welfare Practice and Research Centre, Chinese University of Hong Kong,
(Lo) Jockey Club Wah Ming Lutheran Integrated Service Centre, Hong Kong Lutheran Social Service, LC-HKS,
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Internet addiction in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong: Assessment, profiles, and
psychosocial correlates.
Source
TheScientificWorldJournal. 8(pp 776-787), 2008. Date of Publication: 07 Aug 2008.
Publisher
ScientificWorld Ltd, The
Abstract
Internet addiction behavior was examined in 6,121 Chinese primary and secondary school
students in Hong Kong based on the assessment frameworks of Ivan Goldberg and Kimberly
Young. Results showed that scales derived from both frameworks (CIA-Goldberg Scale and
CIA-Young Scale) were internally consistent and evidence supporting their validity was found.
Descriptive statistical analyses revealed that roughly one-fifth of the respondents could be
classified as Internet addicted based on either scale. Further analyses showed that Internetaddicted and -nonaddicted respondents differed in their Internet use and related behavior.
Logistic regression analyses showed that engagement in certain on-line activities (such as
playing on-line games and downloading software) and replacement of pastimes activities
(such as watching TV and going out with friends) with Internet activities predicted a higher
probability of Internet addiction. copyright2008 with author. Published by TheScientificWorld.
ISSN 1537-744X
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name TheScientificWorldJournal
Volume 8
Page 776-787
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 07 Aug 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <329>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008370377
Authors Mirza K.A.H. Mirza S.
Institution
(Mirza, Mirza) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry at the Maudsley, King's
College, London, United Kingdom.
(Mirza, Mirza) Bloomfield Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Adolescent substance misuse.
Source
Psychiatry. 7(8)(pp 357-362), 2008. Date of Publication: August 2008.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
Substance misuse is common in adolescence. Young people with substance misuse have
comorbid mental health problems and multiple psychosocial difficulties, including family
conflict, interpersonal difficulties, academic failure, and offending behaviour. Adult definitions
of substance misuse are often inadequate and restrictive. Developmental and systemic
perspectives are essential in the assessment and treatment of young people with drug- and
alcohol-related problems. There is a robust body of evidence, mainly from the USA, to
indicate that integrated multimodal treatment programmes produce significant improvement
across a number of domains. Clinical experience suggests that practitioners from a wide
variety of backgrounds could offer safe and effective treatment. Clinicians working in child and
adolescent mental health services and paediatrics have a key role to play in the assessment
and treatment of young people with substance misuse and comorbid mental health problems.
Early identification and treatment could alter the developmental trajectory of young people at
high risk of developing substance misuse and prevent potentially serious complications.
copyright 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 1476-1793
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Psychiatry
Volume 7
Issue Part 8
Page 357-362
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication August 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <353>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008375584
Authors Kelly J.F. Brown S.A. Abrantes A. Kahler C.W. Myers M.
Institution
(Kelly) Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Addiction Medicine and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
(Brown) Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
(Abrantes) Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI,
United States.
(Kahler) Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI,
United States.
(Myers) Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, University of California, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA,
United States.
(Kelly) Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Addiction Medicine, 60 Staniford St.,
Boston, MA 02114, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Social recovery model: An 8-year investigation of adolescent 12-step group
involvement following inpatient treatment.
Source
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 32(8)(pp 1468-1478), 2008. Date of
Publication: August 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Background: Despite widespread use of 12-step treatment approaches and referrals to
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) by youth providers, little is
known about the significance of these organizations in youth addiction recovery. Furthermore,
existing evidence is based mostly on short-term follow-up and is limited methodologically.
Methods: Adolescent inpatients (n = 160; mean age = 16, 40% female) were followed at 6months, and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 years posttreatment. Time-lagged, generalized estimating
equations modeled treatment outcome in relation to AA/NA attendance controlling for static
and time-varying covariates. Robust regression (locally weighted scatterplot smoothing)
explored dose-response thresholds of AA/NA attendance on outcome. Results: The AA/NA
attendance was common and intensive early posttreatment, but declined sharply and steadily
over the 8-year period. Patients with greater addiction severity and those who believed that
they could not use substances in moderation were more likely to attend. Despite declining
attendance, the effects related to AA/NA remained significant and consistent. Greater early
participation was associated with better long-term outcomes. Conclusions: Even though many
youth discontinue AA/NA over time, attendees appear to benefit, and more severely
substance-involved youth attend most. Successful early posttreatment engagement of youth
in abstinence-supportive social contexts, such as AA/NA, may have long-term implications for
alcohol and drug involvement into young adulthood. Copyright copyright 2008 by the
Research Society on Alcoholism.
ISSN 0145-6008
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
Volume 32
Issue Part 8
Page 1468-1478
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication August 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <437>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008306797
Authors Morrell H.E.R. Cohen L.M. Dempsey J.P.
Institution
(Morrell) Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, United States.
(Cohen) Department of Psychology, Texas Tech. University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
(Dempsey) Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Institute of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina,
Charleston, SC, United States.
(Cohen) Texas Tech. University, Department of Psychology, Box 42051, Lubbock, TX 79409-2051, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Smoking prevalence and awareness among undergraduate and health care students.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 17(3)(pp 181-186), 2008. Date of Publication: May 2008.
Publisher
Informa Healthcare
Abstract
Approximately 10,000 undergraduates from 12 Texas colleges and universities and 350
health care students completed a Web-based survey assessing the prevalence and
awareness of cigarette smoking. There were few differences between health care and
undergraduate students on trying smoking or quitting smoking. Health care students reported
lower rates of current smoking than undergraduate students, even though both groups
demonstrated similar knowledge of tobacco-related health risks. Gender differences are
discussed. Findings suggest that tobacco awareness programs should continue to target
young adults as an at-risk population, and that health care training programs should place a
greater emphasis on tobacco cessation. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction
Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 17
Issue Part 3
Page 181-186
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication May 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <438>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008306796
Authors DuPont R.L. Coleman J.J. Bucher R.H. Wilford B.B.
Institution
(DuPont, Bucher) Institute for Behavior and Health, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States.
(Coleman) Prescription Drug Research Center LLC, George Mason University Enterprise Center, Fairfax, VA,
United States.
(Wilford) Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, JBS International, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, United
States.
(DuPont) Institute for Behavior and Health, 6191 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Characteristics and motives of college students who engage in nonmedical use of
methylphenidate.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 17(3)(pp 167-171), 2008. Date of Publication: May 2008.
Publisher
Informa Healthcare
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) has a long history of being an effective medication for attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recently, the nonmedical use of MPH has increased,
particularly among college students. To investigate this, we surveyed 2,087 students
regarding MPH misuse. Of 2,087 respondents, 110 (5.3%) used MPH nonmedically at least
once. Most obtained MPH free from a friend, acquaintance, or family member. Misuse of
Ritalin occurred four times more frequently than Concerta. Among Ritalin abusers, Intranasal
use was reported more often than oral. Students reported using MPH nonmedically for
recreational reasons as well as to improve academic performance. Copyright copyright
American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 17
Issue Part 3
Page 167-171
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication May 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <482>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008281794
Authors Jackson D. Aveyard P.
Institution
(Jackson, Aveyard) Department of Primary Care and General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15
2TT, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Waterpipe smoking in students: Prevalence, risk factors, symptoms of addiction, and
smoke intake. Evidence from one British university.
Source
BMC Public Health. 8, 2008. Article Number: 174. Date of Publication: 2008.
Abstract
Background. Anecdotal reports suggest waterpipe smoking is becoming common in students
in western countries. The aim was to examine prevalence, risk factors, symptoms of
addiction, and smoke intake. Methods. This was a cross-sectional survey of students with
subsidiary survey of regular waterpipe user and survey of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO)
before and after waterpipe smoking in customers of a waterpipe cafe. 937 students of
Birmingham University completed the initial survey with a follow up of 21 regular waterpipe
smokers. 63 customers of a waterpipe cafe near the University completed the study of CO
intake. Results. 355 (37.9%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 34.8 to 41.1%) students had tried
waterpipes, the prevalence of trying rising with duration at University. 75 (8.0%, 95%CI 6.4 to
10.0%) were regular smokers, similar to the prevalence of cigarette smoking (9.4%). Although
cigarette smoking was the major risk factor for being a regular waterpipe smoker, odds ratio
(95%CI) 2.77 (1.52 to 5.06), 65% of waterpipe smokers did not smoke cigarettes. Seven of 21
(33.3%) regular waterpipe smokers experienced cravings. Nearly all regular waterpipe users
thought it less harmful than smoking cigarettes. The mean (standard deviation) rise in CO
was 37.4 (25.8)ppm, nearly twice as high as a typical cigarette smoker seeking cessation
treatment. Conclusion. Waterpipe smoking is a common part of student culture in one British
university, as in the Middle East and in the United States. It poses a potential threat to public
health, with evidence of dependence and high smoke intake. copyright 2008 Jackson and
Aveyard; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name BMC Public Health
Volume 8
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <519>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008241550
Authors Schneider M.
Institution
(Schneider) Central Institute of Mental Health (ZI), Department of Psychopharmacology, J5, 68159 Mannheim,
Germany.
(Schneider) Central Institute of Mental Health (ZI), Department of Psychopharmacology, Germany.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Puberty as a highly vulnerable developmental period for the consequences of
cannabis exposure.
Source
Addiction Biology. 13(2)(pp 253-263), 2008. Date of Publication: Jun 2008.
Abstract
During puberty, neuronal maturation of the brain, which began during perinatal development,
is completed such that the behavioral potential of the adult organism can be fully achieved.
These maturational events and processes of reorganization are needed for the occurrence of
adult behavioral performance but simultaneously render the organism highly susceptible to
perturbations, such as exposure to psychoactive drugs, during this critical developmental time
span. Considering the variety of maturational processes occurring in the endocannabinoid
system during this critical period, it is not surprising that the still-developing brain might by
highly susceptible to cannabis exposure. Emerging evidence from human studies and animal
research demonstrates that an early onset of cannabis consumption might have lasting
consequences on cognition, might increase the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, promote
further illegal drug intake and increase the likelihood of cannabis dependence. These findings
suggest that young people represent a highly vulnerable cannabis consumer group and that
they run a higher risk than adult consumers of suffering from adverse consequences from
cannabinoid exposure. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview over the
possible deleterious residual cannabinoid effects during critical periods of postnatal
maturation and to offer a more precise delineation of the vulnerable time window for
cannabinoid exposure. copyright 2008 The Author.
ISSN 1355-6215
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Addiction Biology
Volume 13
Issue Part 2
Page 253-263
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Jun 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <557>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008209484
Authors Crano W.D. Gilbert C. Alvaro E.M. Siegel J.T.
Institution
(Crano, Alvaro, Siegel) Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, United
States.
(Gilbert) U.S. Government Accountability Office, 441 G Street, NW, Washington, DC 20548, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Enhancing prediction of inhalant abuse risk in samples of early adolescents: A
secondary analysis.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 33(7)(pp 895-905), 2008. Date of Publication: Jul 2008.
Abstract
The theory of reasoned action (TRA) was used to estimate adolescents' vulnerability to
inhalant abuse, operationalized by intentions to use or avoid inhalants. The model correctly
differentiated 78% of all respondents (N = 596). A second analysis highlighted variables that
discriminated properly identified from misclassified youth. False positives, those defined as
being at-risk, but who repudiated inhalants, were significantly less likely than their at-risk
peers to have used inhalants; they used inhalants and marijuana less frequently; were
monitored more closely by parents; and were less rebellious (all p < .05). False negatives,
defined as not at-risk, but who had not unequivocally rejected inhalants, were significantly
more likely than their similarly classed peers to have used inhalants and marijuana, and to
have used both more frequently; also, they were less highly acculturated. This study
reaffirmed the utility of the TRA and underscored factors that might improve classification
accuracy. This approach may facilitate prevention efforts, and may be extrapolated to any
context in which risk categorization is used as a basis for prevention or amelioration.
copyright 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 33
Issue Part 7
Page 895-905
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Jul 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <558>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008210808
Authors Martins S.S. Storr C.L. Alexandre P.K. Chilcoat H.D.
Institution
(Martins, Storr, Alexandre, Chilcoat) Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health, United States.
(Chilcoat) GlaxoSmithkline Worldwide Epidemiology, GlaxoSmithKline, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Adolescent ecstasy and other drug use in the National Survey of Parents and Youth:
The role of sensation-seeking, parental monitoring and peer's drug use.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 33(7)(pp 919-933), 2008. Date of Publication: Jul 2008.
Abstract
The association between high sensation-seeking, close friends' drug use and low parental
monitoring with ecstasy (MDMA) use in adolescence was examined in a sample of US
household-dwelling adolescents aged 12-18 years (N = 5049). We also tested whether
associations were of stronger magnitude than associations between these correlates and
marijuana or alcohol/tobacco use in adolescence. Data from Round 2 of the National Survey
of Parents and Youth (NSPY) Restricted Use Files (RUF) was analyzed via Jackknife
weighted multinomial logistic regression models. High sensation-seekers were more likely to
be ecstasy, marijuana, and alcohol/tobacco users, respectively, as compared to low
sensation-seekers. High sensation-seeking and close friends' drug use were more strongly
associated with ecstasy as compared to marijuana and alcohol/tobacco use. Low parental
monitoring was associated with marijuana use and alcohol/tobacco use and there was a trend
for it to be associated with ecstasy use. Ecstasy use is strongly associated with peer drug use
and more modestly associated with high sensation-seeking. School prevention programs
should target high-sensation-seeking adolescents and also encourage them to affiliate with
non-drug using peers. copyright 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 33
Issue Part 7
Page 919-933
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Jul 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <570>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008189537
Authors Acosta M.C. Manubay J. Levin F.R.
Institution
(Acosta) Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
(Acosta) Department of Psychiatry, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY,
(Manubay, Levin) Division of Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States.
(Levin) NYSPI Columbia University - Substance Abuse, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Pediatric obesity: Parallels with addiction and treatment recommendations.
Source
Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 16(2)(pp 80-96), 2008. Date of Publication: Mar 2008.
Abstract
Rates of pediatric obesity have increased dramatically over the past decade. This trend is
especially alarming because obesity is associated with significant medical and psychosocial
consequences. It may contribute to cardiovascular, metabolic, and hepatic complications, as
well as to psychiatric difficulties. The development of obesity appears to be influenced by a
complex array of genetic, metabolic, and neural frameworks, along with behavior, eating
habits, and physical activity. Numerous parallels exist between obesity and addictive
behaviors, including genetic predisposition, personality, environmental risk factors, and
common neurobiological pathways in the brain. Typical treatments for pediatric obesity
include behavioral interventions targeting diet or exercise. These treatments have yielded
mixed results and typically have been examined in specialty clinic populations, limiting their
generalizability. There are limited medication options for overweight children and adolescents,
and no approved medical intervention in children younger than 16 years old. Bariatric surgery
may be an option for some adolescents, but due to the risks of surgery, it is often seen as a
last resort. The parallels between addiction and obesity aid in developing novel interventions
for pediatric obesity. Motivational enhancement and cognitive-behavioral strategies used in
addiction treatment may prove to be beneficial. copyright 2008 President and Fellows of
Harvard College.
ISSN 1067-3229
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Harvard Review of Psychiatry
Volume 16
Issue Part 2
Page 80-96
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Mar 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <722>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 19017436
Status MEDLINE
Authors Fry G. Grogan S. Gough B. Conner M.
Authors Full Name Fry, Gary. Grogan, Sarah. Gough, Brendan. Conner, Mark.
Institution
Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. [email protected]
Title
Smoking in the lived world: how young people make sense of the social role
cigarettes play in their lives.
Source
British Journal of Social Psychology. 47(Pt 4):763-80, 2008 Dec.
Journal Name
British Journal of Social Psychology
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
This qualitative study explored how young people (16- to 24-year olds), both smokers and
non-smokers, talk about the social role of smoking in their everyday lives. In 22 focus group
interviews, 47 high school children and 40 university undergraduates participated. On the
basis of analyses, it is proposed that the perceived need to smoke cannot be reduced to
addiction; cigarettes appear to play a complex social role in young people's lives. In order to
resist smoking, participants highlighted the need to provide an excuse to peers, and some
reasons (e.g. an interest in sport for boys) were considered more legitimate than others.
Cigarettes (certain brands) were also claimed to be used as a way of controlling other
people's perception of smokers, and also to serve as a social tool (for instance, to fill in
awkward gaps in conversation). Additionally, smoking was argued to be subject to context
(e.g. some schools possess a pro-smoking ethic, while others and universities are anti-
smoking). Finally, it was claimed that stopping smoking is difficult since all of the foregoing
social factors cannot easily be avoided. The findings of this study compliment and enrich
existing social psychological approaches to smoking in young people, and lay the basis for
anti-smoking campaigns which take into account the complex social role cigarettes play in the
lives of young people.
ISSN Print 0144-6665
Publication Type Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2008 Dec
Year of Publication 2008
Issue/Part Pt 4
Volume 47
Page 763-80
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <246>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008442612
Authors Gullo M.J. Dawe S.
Institution
(Gullo, Dawe) School of Psychology, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Impulsivity and adolescent substance use: Rashly dismissed as "all-bad"?
Source
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 32(8)(pp 1507-1518), 2008. Date of Publication:
October 2008.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
The initial use of illicit drugs and alcohol typically occurs during adolescence. Individual
differences in impulsivity and related constructs are consistently identified as key factors in
the initiation and later problematic use of substances. Consequently, impulsivity is generally
regarded as a negative trait; one that conveys only risk. However, what is often overlooked in
addiction science is the positive role facets of trait impulsivity can play in everyday life and
adaptive functioning. The following review aims to summarize recent advances in the
psychobiology of impulsivity, including current perspectives on how it can convey risk for
substance misuse. The review will also consider the importance of adolescence as a phase of
life characterized by substantial neurodevelopment and natural increases in impulsivity.
Uniquely, the review aims to reframe thinking on adolescent impulsivity to include the positive
with the negative, and discuss how such thinking can benefit efforts for early intervention and
future research. copyright 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0149-7634
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
Volume 32
Issue Part 8
Page 1507-1518
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication October 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <251>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008412601
Authors Okoli C.T.C. Richardson C.G. Ratner P.A. Johnson J.L.
Institution
(Okoli, Richardson, Ratner, Johnson) School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 302-6190 Agronomy Rd,
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Adolescents' self-defined tobacco use status, marijuana use, and tobacco
dependence.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 33(11)(pp 1491-1499), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
Aims: To examine differences in tobacco use and dependence between adolescents who
are and are not marijuana users. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of existing survey data.
Participants: Data were obtained from 7440 adolescents who completed the British Columbia
Youth Survey of Smoking and Health II (BCYSOSH-II), a school based survey conducted in
2004. Measures: Responses to demographic, current smoking, alcohol use, self-defined
tobacco and marijuana use status questions, perceived physical and mental addiction to
tobacco, modified-Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (M-FTQ), and the Dimensions of
Tobacco Dependence Scale (DTDS) were obtained. Findings: Marijuana users were 5.9
times more likely to be current tobacco smokers and reported higher levels of perceived
addiction to tobacco as compared with marijuana non-users. After controlling for
demographics, life-time tobacco use, and alcohol use, marijuana use was associated with the
nicotine dependent and sensory dimensions of tobacco dependence. Conclusions:
Adolescents who concurrently use tobacco and marijuana may be more tobacco dependent
than are marijuana non-users. Concurrent use of marijuana may be a factor associated with
tobacco dependence among a sub-group of concomitant drug-using adolescents. copyright
2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 33
Issue Part 11
Page 1491-1499
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <253>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008412264
Authors Cornelius J.R. Chung T. Martin C. Wood D.S. Clark D.B.
Institution
(Cornelius, Chung, Martin, Wood, Clark) Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,
3811 O'Hara Street, PAARC Suite, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Cannabis withdrawal is common among treatment-seeking adolescents with cannabis
dependence and major depression, and is associated with rapid relapse to
dependence.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 33(11)(pp 1500-1505), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
Recently, reports have suggested that cannabis withdrawal occurs commonly in adults with
cannabis dependence, though it is unclear whether this extends to those with comorbid
depression or to comorbid adolescents. We hypothesized that cannabis withdrawal would be
common among our sample of comorbid adolescents and young adults, and that the
presence of cannabis withdrawal symptoms would be associated with a self-reported past
history of rapid reinstatement of cannabis dependence symptoms (rapid relapse). The
participants in this study included 170 adolescents and young adults, including 104 with
cannabis dependence, 32 with cannabis abuse, and 34 with cannabis use without
dependence or abuse. All of these subjects demonstrated current depressive symptoms and
cannabis use, and most demonstrated current DSM-IV major depressive disorder and current
comorbid cannabis dependence. These subjects had presented for treatment for either of two
double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving fluoxetine. Cannabis withdrawal was the most
commonly reported cannabis dependence criterion among the 104 subjects in our sample
with cannabis dependence, being noted in 92% of subjects, using a two-symptom cutoff for
determination of cannabis withdrawal. The most common withdrawal symptoms among those
with cannabis dependence were craving (82%), irritability (76%), restlessness (58%), anxiety
(55%), and depression (52%). Cannabis withdrawal symptoms (in the N = 170 sample) were
reported to have been associated with rapid reinstatement of cannabis dependence
symptoms (rapid relapse). These findings suggest that cannabis withdrawal should be
included as a diagnosis in the upcoming DSM-V, and should be listed in the upcoming criteria
list for the DSM-V diagnostic category of cannabis dependence. copyright 2008 Elsevier Ltd.
All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 33
Issue Part 11
Page 1500-1505
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <280>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008441695
Authors Wittchen H.-U. Behrendt S. Hofler M. Perkonigg A. Lieb R. Buhringer G. Beesdo K.
Institution
(Wittchen, Behrendt, Hofler, Perkonigg, Beesdo) Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische
Universitaet Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
(Lieb) Institute of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland.
(Lieb) Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, D-80804 Munich, Germany.
(Buhringer) IFT Institut fur Therapieforschung, Parzivalstr. 25, D-80804 Munich, Germany.
(Buhringer) Chair of Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische
Universitaet Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
What are the high risk periods for incident substance use and transitions to abuse
and dependence? Implications for early intervention and prevention.
Source
International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 17(SUPPL. 1)(pp S16-S29),
2008. Date of Publication: 2008.
Publisher
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Abstract
Background: For a better understanding of the evolution of addictive disorders and the timely
initiation of early intervention and prevention, we have to learn when and how quickly the
critical transitions from first substance use (SU) to regular use and from first SU and regular
SU to abuse and dependence occur. Little data are currently available on the transitions to
substance use disorders (SUDs) across the spectrum of legal and illegal drugs taking into
account gender differences. It is the aim of this paper to describe the high density incidence
and transition periods of SU and SUD for alcohol, nicotine, cannabis and other illicit drugs for
young males and females. Methods: A sample of (N = 3021) community subjects aged 14-24
at baseline were followed-up prospectively over 10-years. SU and SUD were assessed using
the DSM-IV/M-CIDI. Results: Ages 10-16 are the high risk period for first alcohol and nicotine
use (up to 38% of subjects start before age 14). Onset of illegal SU occurs later. Substantial
proportions of transitions to regular SU and SUD occur in the first three years after SU onset.
Only few gender differences were found for time patterns of SU/SUD incidence and transition.
Conclusion: Except for alcohol the time windows for targeted intervention to prevent
progression to malignant patterns in adolescence are critically small, leaving little time for
targeted intervention to prevent transition. The fast transitions to abuse and dependence in
adolescence may be indicative for the increased vulnerability to substance effects in this time
period. Basic research on the determinants of transitions should thus target this period in
adolescence. Copyright copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ISSN 1049-8931
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research
Volume 17
Issue Part SUPPL. 1
Page S16-S29
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <282>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008422576
Authors Goldstein B.I. Birmaher B. Axelson D.A. Goldstein T.R. Esposito-Smythers C. Strober M.A. Hunt J. Leonard
H. Gill M.K. Iyengar S. Grimm C. Yang M. Ryan N.D. Keller M.B.
Institution
(Goldstein, Birmaher, Axelson, Goldstein, Gill, Iyengar, Grimm, Yang, Ryan) Department of Psychiatry, Western
Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Esposito-Smythers, Hunt, Keller) Department of Psychiatry, Butler Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine,
Providence, RI, United States.
(Strober) Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of
California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
(Iyengar) Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Goldstein) Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Significance of cigarette smoking among youths with bipolar disorder.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 17(5)(pp 364-371), 2008. Date of Publication: September
2008.
Publisher
Informa Healthcare
Abstract
Cigarette smoking among adults with bipolar disorder (BP) correlates with psychosis,
substance use disorders (SUD), and suicidality. Little is known regarding smoking among
youths with BP. Youths with BP (n = 441) were divided into three smoking groups: Never,
Ever, and Daily. Twenty-five percent reported any smoking (11% daily, 14% ever). Ever and
Daily subjects had significantly greater lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts, physical
abuse, conduct disorder, and SUD compared to Never subjects. Daily heavy smokers had
greater prevalence of SUD and suicide attempts, and worse depression versus daily light
smokers. Smoking among youths with BP is independently associated with suicide attempts
and SUD. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 17
Issue Part 5
Page 364-371
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication September 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <344>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008345128
Authors Bjork J.M. Knutson B. Hommer D.W.
Institution
(Bjork, Hommer) Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
(Knutson) Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
(Bjork) NIAAA/NIH, 10 Center Drive CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Incentive-elicited striatal activation in adolescent children of alcoholics.
Source
Addiction. 103(8)(pp 1308-1319), 2008. Date of Publication: August 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Aims: Deficient recruitment of motivational circuitry by non-drug rewards has been
postulated as a pre-morbid risk factor for substance dependence (SD). We tested whether
parental alcoholism, which confers risk of SD, is correlated with altered recruitment of ventral
striatum (VS) by non-drug rewards in adolescence. Design: During functional magnetic
resonance imaging, adolescent children of alcoholics (COA; age 12-16 years) with no
psychiatric disorders (including substance abuse) and similarly aged children with no risk
factors responded to targets to win or avoid losing $0, $0.20, $1, $5 or a variable amount
(ranging from $0.20 to $5). Results: In general, brain activation by either reward anticipation
or outcome notification did not differ between COA and age/gender-matched controls. Cueelicited reward anticipation activated portions of VS in both COA and controls. In nucleus
accumbens (NAcc), signal change increased with anticipated reward magnitude (with
intermediate recruitment by variable incentives) but not with loss magnitudes. Reward
deliveries activated the NAcc and mesofrontal cortex in both COA and controls. Losses
activated anterior insula bilaterally in both groups, with more extensive right anterior insula
activation by losses in controls. NAcc signal change during anticipation of maximum rewards
(relative to non-reward) correlated positively with both Brief Sensation-Seeking Scale scores
and with self-reported excitement in response to maximum reward cues (relative to cues for
non-reward). Conclusions: Among adolescents with no psychiatric disorders, incentive-elicited
VS activation may relate more to individual differences in sensation-seeking personality than
to presence of parental alcoholism alone. Future research could focus on adolescents with
behavior disorders or additional risk factors. copyright 2008 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 8
Page 1308-1319
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication August 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2010 <345>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008345126
Authors Swift W. Coffey C. Carlin J.B. Degenhardt L. Patton G.C.
Institution
(Swift, Degenhardt) National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia.
(Coffey, Patton) Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia.
(Carlin) Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Australia.
(Swift) National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of NSW, NSW 2052, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Adolescent cannabis users at 24 years: Trajectories to regular weekly use and
dependence in young adulthood.
Source
Addiction. 103(8)(pp 1361-1370), 2008. Date of Publication: August 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Aims: To examine the association between cannabis use by 18 years and problematic
cannabis use at 24 years, considering possible mediating and confounding factors. Design:
Ten-year representative prospective study with data from six time-points in adolescence
(mean age 14.9-17.4 years) and two in young adulthood (mean age 20.7 and 24.1 years)
Setting: Victoria, Australia. Participants: Inception cohort of 1943 secondary school students
(95.6% response rate), with 1520 (78% of adolescent participants) interviewed in the final
wave. Measurements: Participants reported frequency of cannabis use for the past 6 months
at each time-point in adolescence (age 14-17 years). Cannabis exposure was defined as:
maximum frequency of use (occasional, weekly, daily), number of waves of use (1 or 2; 3-6)
and first wave of use (early use: first waves 1-3). Young adult (24 years) outcomes were:
weekly+ cannabis use and DSM-IV cannabis dependence, referred to collectively as
problematic use. Findings: Of those interviewed at age 24 (wave 8), 34% had reported
cannabis use in adolescence (waves 1-6), 12% at a level of weekly or more frequent use;
37% of these adolescent cannabis users were using at least weekly at wave 8, with 20%
exhibiting dependence. Persistent adolescent cannabis and tobacco use as well as persistent
mental health problems were associated strongly with problematic cannabis use at 24 years,
after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Conclusions: Heavy, persistent and earlyonset cannabis use were all strongly predictive of later cannabis problems. Even so,
occasional use was not free of later problems. Where there was co-occurring tobacco use or
persistent mental health problems, risks for later problem cannabis use was higher. copyright
2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 8
Page 1361-1370
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication August 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <350>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008373078
Authors Corte C. Zucker R.A.
Institution
(Corte, Zucker) University of Michigan, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Self-concept disturbances: Cognitive vulnerability for early drinking and early
drunkenness in adolescents at high risk for alcohol problems.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 33(10)(pp 1282-1290), 2008. Date of Publication: October 2008.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
We tested the hypotheses that adolescents with few positive and many negative selfschemas would drink and get drunk earlier than adolescents with many positive and few
negative self-schemas. Adolescents (N = 264) from an ongoing prospective family study of
alcoholism [Zucker, R. A., Fitzgerald, H., Refior, S., Puttler, L., Pallas, D., Ellis, D. (2000). The
clinical and social ecology of childhood for children of alcoholics: Description of a study and
implications for a differentiated social policy. In H. Fitzgerald, B. Lester, B. Zuckerman (Eds.),
Children of addiction: Research, health, and policy issues (pp. 109-141). New York, NY:
Routledge Falmer] were assessed at ages 12 to 14 and again at ages 15 to 17. When
considering the combined effects of the number of positive and negative self-schemas,
antisociality, and parental alcoholism on drinking outcomes, the number of negative selfschemas directly predicted early drinking onset, whereas the number of positive self-schemas
moderated the effects of antisociality on early drunkenness. Moreover, although self-concept
properties at baseline did not differentiate level of alcohol involvement at follow-up in midadolescence, they did distinguish earlier from later age of onset among those who initiated,
with effects tending to be somewhat stronger for boys than girls. Self-schemas appear to be
an additional risk factor in the pathway to problem alcohol involvement in adolescence, above
and beyond the contributions of such known risk factors as antisocial behavior and parental
alcoholism. copyright 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 33
Issue Part 10
Page 1282-1290
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication October 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <371>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008328960
Authors Godley S.H. Godley M.D. Wright K.L. Funk R.R. Petry N.M.
Institution
(Godley, Godley, Wright, Funk) Chestnut Health Systems, Bloomington, IL, United States.
(Petry) University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, Farmington, CT, United States.
(Godley) Chestnut Health Systems, 720 West Chestnut Street, Bloomington, IL 61701, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Contingent reinforcement of personal goal activities for adolescents with substance
use disorders during post-residential continuing care.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 17(4)(pp 278-286), 2008. Date of Publication: July 2008.
Publisher
Informa Healthcare
Abstract
Contingency management (CM) is efficacious in improving outcomes of substance-abusing
patients, but CM studies are relatively rare in adolescents. CM approaches can reinforce both
abstinence and adherence to treatment-related goal areas. This paper describes 1,739
different activities in 10 goal areas (e.g., education, family/friends, and social/recreational)
chosen by 86 adolescents who were participating in a multiple week CM study that reinforced
both abstinence and adherence with goal-related activities. The mean activities selected was
20, and the mean completed was 13. Overall, 1,114 or 64% of chosen activities were
completed. The clinical feasibility of activity incentive programs for adolescents is discussed.
Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 17
Issue Part 4
Page 278-286
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication July 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <417>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008361941
Authors Hjorthoj C. Fohlmann A. Larsen A.-M. Madsen M.T.R. Vesterager L. Gluud C. Arendt M.C. Nordentoft M.
Institution
(Hjorthoj, Fohlmann, Larsen, Madsen, Vesterager, Nordentoft) Psychiatric Center Bispebjerg, Faculty of Health
Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
(Gluud) Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital,
Copenhagen, Denmark.
(Arendt) Centre for Psychiatric Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Design paper: The CapOpus trial: A randomized, parallel-group, observer-blinded
clinical trial of specialized addiction treatment versus treatment as usual for young
patients with cannabis abuse and psychosis.
Source
Trials. 9, 2008. Article Number: 42. Date of Publication: 11 Jul 2008.
Publisher
BioMed Central Ltd.
Abstract
Background: A number of studies indicate a link between cannabis-use and psychosis as
well as more severe psychosis in those with existing psychotic disorders. There is currently
insufficient evidence to decide the optimal way to treat cannabis abuse among patients with
psychosis. Objectives: The major objective for the CapOpus trial is to evaluate the additional
effect on cannabis abuse of a specialized addiction treatment program adding group
treatment and motivational interviewing to treatment as usual. Design: The trial is designed as
a randomized, parallel-group, observer-blinded clinical trial. Patients are primarily recruited
through early-psychosis detection teams, community mental health centers, and assertive
community treatment teams. Patients are randomized to one of two treatment arms, both
lasting six months: 1) specialized addiction treatment plus treatment as usual or 2) treatment
as usual. The specialized addiction treatment is manualized and consists of both individual
and group-based motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy, and incorporates
both the family and the case manager of the patient. The primary outcome measure will be
changes in amount of cannabis consumption over time. Other outcome measures will be
psychosis symptoms, cognitive functioning, quality of life, social functioning, and cost-benefit
analyses. copyright 2008 Hjorthoj et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
ISSN 1745-6215
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Trials
Volume 9
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 11 Jul 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <424>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008355016
Authors Hayatbakhsh M.R. Mamun A.A. Najman J.M. O'Callaghan M.J. Bor W. Alati R.
Institution
(Hayatbakhsh) School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
(Mamun, Alati) School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
(Najman) Schools of Population Health and Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
(O'Callaghan, Bor) Mater Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
(Hayatbakhsh) Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, Islamic Republic of.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Early childhood predictors of early substance use and substance use disorders:
Prospective study.
Source
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 42(8)(pp 720-731), 2008. Date of
Publication: August 2008.
Publisher
Informa Healthcare
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the longitudinal association
between early childhood factors and early initiation of use of substances and substance use
disorders in a large prospective study. Method: Data were from the Mater Hospital University
of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a prospective birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia.
Use of nicotine, alcohol and cannabis and age of initiation of such use were reported at the 21
year follow up. DSM-IV diagnosis of nicotine, alcohol and cannabis use disorders was
assessed at 21 years using a computerized version of the Composite International Diagnostic
Interview (CIDI-Auto). Early childhood factors were measured between mother's pregnancy
and child age 5 years. Results: Of the 3647 respondents with complete data, 15.4% had
started to smoke cigarettes before 15 years. Another 17.4% and 12.2% reported having
started to consume alcohol or use cannabis in early adolescence, respectively. Some 16.2%,
27.8% and 21.9% had ever had nicotine, alcohol or cannabis abuse or dependence (disorder)
by 21 years, respectively. In multivariate models early initiation of use of substances, and
substance use disorders were associated with disrupted families or drug-using parents,
childhood problem behaviours, and poor parental monitoring and supervision in childhood.
Conclusions: There are four independent factors in early or middle childhood that predict early
initiation of use of substances and subsequent substance use disorders by early adulthood.
There is a need to consider whether what is known about the risk factors that predict young
age of substance use, and substance use disorders, may be incorporated into treatment
and/or prevention initiatives.
ISSN 0004-8674
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
Volume 42
Issue Part 8
Page 720-731
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication August 2008
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <760>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 18498653
Status MEDLINE
Authors Jackson D. Aveyard P.
Authors Full Name Jackson, Daniel. Aveyard, Paul.
Institution
Department of Primary Care & General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
[email protected]
Title
Waterpipe smoking in students: prevalence, risk factors, symptoms of addiction, and
smoke intake. Evidence from one British university.
Source
BMC Public Health. 8:174, 2008.
Journal Name
BMC Public Health
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC2413225
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anecdotal reports suggest waterpipe smoking is becoming common in
students in western countries. The aim was to examine prevalence, risk factors, symptoms of
addiction, and smoke intake. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey of students with
subsidiary survey of regular waterpipe user and survey of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO)
before and after waterpipe smoking in customers of a waterpipe cafe. 937 students of
Birmingham University completed the initial survey with a follow up of 21 regular waterpipe
smokers. 63 customers of a waterpipe cafe near the University completed the study of CO
intake. RESULTS: 355 (37.9%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 34.8 to 41.1%) students had
tried waterpipes, the prevalence of trying rising with duration at University. 75 (8.0%, 95%CI
6.4 to 10.0%) were regular smokers, similar to the prevalence of cigarette smoking (9.4%).
Although cigarette smoking was the major risk factor for being a regular waterpipe smoker,
odds ratio (95%CI) 2.77 (1.52 to 5.06), 65% of waterpipe smokers did not smoke cigarettes.
Seven of 21 (33.3%) regular waterpipe smokers experienced cravings. Nearly all regular
waterpipe users thought it less harmful than smoking cigarettes. The mean (standard
deviation) rise in CO was 37.4 (25.8)ppm, nearly twice as high as a typical cigarette smoker
seeking cessation treatment. CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smoking is a common part of student
culture in one British university, as in the Middle East and in the United States. It poses a
potential threat to public health, with evidence of dependence and high smoke intake.
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Date of Publication 2008
Year of Publication 2008
Volume 8
Page 174
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <761>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 18270230
Status MEDLINE
Authors Okoli CT. Richardson CG. Ratner PA. Johnson JL.
Authors Full Name Okoli, C T C. Richardson, C G. Ratner, P A. Johnson, J L.
Institution
NEXUS, University of British Columbia, 302-1620 Agronomy Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada.
[email protected]
Title
An examination of the smoking identities and taxonomies of smoking behaviour of
youth.
Source
Tobacco Control. 17(3):151-8, 2008 Jun.
Journal Name
Tobacco Control
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To address observations that the smoking identities of youth are valid
descriptors of their smoking behaviour, we examined the relationships between self-reported
smoking identities, perceived levels of addiction, and established taxonomies of smoking
behaviour of youth. METHOD: Cross-sectional data were collected on demographics,
perceived extent of addiction to tobacco, smoking history, and self-reported smoking identity
from questionnaires administered to 8225 students in British Columbia, Canada. A total of
7246 participants were categorised according to four smoking taxonomies established in the
literature. Differences in perceived physical and mental addiction between smoking identity
groups were calculated. The strength of the associations between the taxonomies of smoking
and the smoking identity groups was also assessed. RESULTS: There were significant
differences in perceived levels of physical (Kruskal-Wallis chi(2) = 3985.02, p<0.001) and
mental (Kruskal-Wallis chi(2) = 4046.09, p<0.001) addiction to tobacco by the participants'
self-reported smoking identity. Youth smoking identities were modestly associated with the
established smoking taxonomies (Pearson C contingency coefficient = 0.64-0.72).
CONCLUSION: Self-reported smoking identities appear to provide valid characterisation of
the smoking behaviour of youths that complement and elaborate existing taxonomies of
smoking behaviour. Questions about self-reported smoking identity should be used in
conjunction with smoking behaviour taxonomies when investigating youth smoking
behaviours.
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Date of Publication 2008 Jun
Year of Publication 2008
Issue/Part 3
Volume 17
Page 151-8
NICOTINE 2008 / CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 <773>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 18366781
Status MEDLINE
Authors Sreeramareddy CT. Kishore P. Paudel J. Menezes RG.
Authors Full Name Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. Kishore, Pv. Paudel, Jagadish. Menezes, Ritesh G.
Institution
Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara,
Nepal. [email protected]
Title
Prevalence and correlates of tobacco use amongst junior collegiates in twin cities of
western Nepal: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey.
Source
BMC Public Health. 8:97, 2008.
Journal Name
BMC Public Health
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC2292712
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: College students are vulnerable to tobacco addiction. Tobacco industries
often target college students for marketing. Studies about prevalence of tobacco use and its
correlates among college students in Nepal are lacking. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey
was carried out in two cities of western Nepal during January-March, 2007. A pre-tested,
anonymous, self-administered questionnaire (in Nepali) adapted from Global Youth Tobacco
Survey (GYTS) and a World Bank study was administered to a representative sample of 1600
students selected from 13 junior colleges by two-stage stratified random sampling. RESULTS:
Overall prevalence of 'ever users' of tobacco products was 13.9%. Prevalence among boys
and girls was 20.5% and 2.9% respectively. Prevalence of 'current users' was 10.2%
(cigarette smoking: 9.4%, smokeless products: 6.5%, and both forms: 5.7%). Median age at
initiation of cigarette smoking and chewable tobacco was 16 and 15 years respectively.
Among the current cigarette smokers, 58.7% (88/150) were smoking at least one cigarette per
day. Most (67.8%) 'Current users' purchased tobacco products by themselves from stores or
got them from friends. Most of them (66.7%) smoked in tea stalls or restaurants followed by
other public places (13.2%). The average daily expenditure was 20 Nepalese rupees
(approximately 0.3 USD) and most (59%) students reported of having adequate money to buy
tobacco products. Majority (82%) of the students were exposed to tobacco advertisements
through magazines/newspapers, and advertising hoardings during a period of 30 days prior to
survey. The correlates of tobacco use were: age, gender, household asset score and
knowledge about health risks, family members, teachers and friends using tobacco products,
and purchasing tobacco products for family members. CONCLUSION: School/college-based
interventions like counseling to promote cessation among current users and tobacco
education to prevent initiation are necessary. Enforcement of legislations to decrease
availability, accessibility and affordability of tobacco products and policies to change social
norms of tobacco use among parents and teachers are necessary to curb the tobacco use
among college students.
Publication Type Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2008
Year of Publication 2008
Volume 8
Page 97