Download Guided Notes - History with Ms. Osborn

Name:____________________________________ Period:______________________Date:_________________
Flipped Learning Practice – Absolutism
Video Link: http://bit.ly/absolutismvid
Main Idea: Throughout the 1500s global discoveries and exploration brought new wealth and prestige to Europe’s monarchs. Kings,
queens, and emperors ruled with few limits on their power. Over the next three centuries, their power was challenged by internal
problems, rebellions, and wars.
Essential Question:
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Golden Hawk Historians will…
What challenges were experienced by Absolute
Monarchs'?
What were the main achievements of monarchs in
Europe during the Age of Absolutism?
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Analyze political, economic, military, and cultural
methods used by Absolute Monarch’s to gain power.
Evaluate the success Luther’s efforts at reform and
the Catholic response.
Absolute Monarchs in Spain

Kings in Europe began to expand their power and claim their titles as
____________________________________________, or a ruler whose power was not limited by having to
consult with nobles, common people, or representatives.
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Absolute monarch’s believed their had __________________________________________, or that they
received their power from God and therefore must not be challenged.
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King Charles of Spain ruled over Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, as well as colonies in America.
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When the title of Holy Roman Emperor became available King Charles claimed that title as well
expanding his empire to include __________________________________________________.

As King of the Holy Roman Empire, his power was directly tied to the
___________________________________________ and the Protestant Reformation
______________________________ his influence.

Holy Roman Emperor Charles was forced into signing the ______________________________________
that gave each German prince the right to __________________________________________________
__________________________________.
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When Charles gave up his throne he divided the empire between his brother and his son who became known as
Philip II.
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Spain was in a ____________________________________ under Philip II mainly due to the steady stream of
gold and silver coming from the American colonies.
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With such wealth Spanish power grew immensely.
Philip also experienced troubles uniting his land holdings because of the differences between Catholics and
Protestants.
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Some of his territories were Protestant and some Catholic.
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Dutch Protestants refused to pledge allegiance to Philip and so he sent an army to torture them.
In addition, the English challenged the ___________________________________, or a great naval fleet,
returning from it’s American colonies by attacking their ships and stealing their treasures.

The British defeat of the Spanish Armada led to a decline in their wealth and ultimately a decline in their
empire.
Absolute Monarchs in France

After the Protestant Reformation started in Germany it quickly spread to France.

________________________________, or French Calvinist Christians, became one of the predominant
religions in _______________________.

Many nobles were Huguenots and the power of the Protestants threatened the Catholic French
Monarchy.

The Queen of France order the assassination of all the French Huguenots in Paris in 1572.

A large group of French Huguenots were in Paris with ________________________________________
for a nobles wedding and were all slaughtered at what became known as the
____________________________________________________________________________________.
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Henry of Navarre was able to escape death by denying his faith and eventually went on to become
___________________________________________ by converting to Catholicism.

The newly crowned king gave Protestants more rights through issuing the _______________________________
that gave religious freedom to Huguenots.

This was an important break with previous tradition in which __________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.

When King Henry IV was tragically murdered _____________________________________________ became
king and was advised by a prominent catholic cardinal named ________________________________________.
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Their first goal was to reduce the power of the Huguenots through harsh means.
When King Louis XIII died his son _____________________________ became king leading France to prosperity
through absolute power.
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Louis XIV became known as the ____________________________ because he believed that the world
should revolve around him.
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Louis XIV demanded that he be in charge of all military, political, and economic initiatives.
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He deprived the nobles of their influence and moved all government activities from Paris to his chateau
in ______________________________________.
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King Louis XIV _______________________ the Edict of Nantes bringing religious control back to the King as well.

King Louis XIV lived an __________________________________________ and depended upon taxes from the
French citizens in order to uphold his lifestyle and pay for the military to continually expand the French empire.

The ___________________________________________________ was fought in order for King Loui XIV to claim
the vacant Spanish crown and take over the Spanish empire.

Other European monarchs did not want France to have that much power and fighting spread
throughout the European continent and ___________________________________________________.

Louis XIV accepted the __________________________________ in which Louis XIV’s grandson would
receive the Spanish crown but that France and Spain would never be ruled by the same monarch.
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The war benefited the English, but the Spanish and French were still able to retain power.
Absolute Monarchs in England
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When Henry VII created the Protestant Church of England he _________________________ his first wife he
ended the power of the Pope in England.
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When Henry VII died the power passed to his son Edward, then to his Catholic daughter Mary, and then
to Elizabeth.

The power of the monarch in England was limited by _________________________________ who ensured that
the monarch did not abuse their power.
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__________________________________________ and Parliament had a good relationship because she
allowed, and even encouraged, members to speak their minds.
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Overall, the English began to _________________________ the power of monarch’s more and more.
When Elizabeth died the Tudor reign ended and the ___________________ dynasty took over the monarchy in
England.

____________________________ believed firmly in the ______________________________ of the
King to rule and exercised absolute power over his subjects.
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James’s power was threatened by the ________________________ who felt that the Church of England
needed to further purify it’s self of its Catholic roots.
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James approved the first English version of the bible that became known as the
____________________________________________.
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James’s younger son Charles I became King and did not get along well with Parliament who refused to give him
money.
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He dismissed Parliament in 1629 and ruled without Parliament until 1640.
English Civil War

Charles I only reconvened Parliament in order to _______________________________________ following a
religious rebellion in England.

They took advantage of the King’s weakness to require that Parliament be called every three years or
else they would not give him money.
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Charles looked for any moment in which he could dismiss Parliament for good.

When a radical Puritan group within Parliament moved to abolish the appointment of bishops in the
Anglican Church he saw his opportunity to arrest them for treason.

He marched into Parliament to make the arrest, giving away his intentions of taking over Parliament.

Members of Parliament rose up against the King and the ____________________________________
began.

The King relied on __________________________, or people loyal to the throne, for funding to support the
army.

Supporters of Parliament were known as the ______________________________ due to their haircut and were
led by _________________________________________.
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Cromwell rose in power until he became Commander-In-Chief of the Army.

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The King surrendered to Cromwell in 1646.
When Cromwell took full control over England he dismissed any members of Parliament that disagreed with him
– those that were left became known as ________________________________________________.
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Rump Parliament charged the King with treason and put him on trial before being beheaded.
England became a _________________________________________, or a republican government based on the
common good of all the people.
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Cromwell cracked down on _____________________________________________ and began wars with
Spain over trade.
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Many people were troubled by the King’s death including ____________________________________________,
a philosopher.

Hobbes argued that people needed a ___________________________________, like a monarch, in
order to _____________________________________________.
English Monarchy Returns
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Following Cromwell’s death Parliament reinstated the Monarchy in what became known as the
_______________________________________________.
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Parliament asked the son of beheaded Charles I to take over the crown but with conditions.
During Charles II reign Parliament and the people would balance their power with the monarch.

The _________________________________________________ was passed that required that someone
accused of a crime should be tried in court to decide their innocence.

After Charles II, his brother James was next to rule but was extremely unpopular because he was Catholic.

Parliament and a group of nobles invited James’s protestant daughter Mary and her husband William to
become king and queen of England.

Parliament gave the crown to ____________________________________________ in what became
known as the _____________________________________________.
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Before becoming King and Queen William and Mary signed the _________________________________
that gave certain rights to the English people and limited the rights of the monarchy.
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England became a ______________________________________________, meaning a monarchy limited by law.
Absolute Monarchs in Russia
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Russia was far behind the rest of Europe in technological advances and centralized government.

Russia was mainly run by church officials and ____________________________, or landowners.
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In 1546, a young prince named __________________ claimed the title of ________________, or ruler,
and intended to rule without limits on his power.
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During his reign Ivan made many ________________________ such as a general council, military appointments
based on merit, and a new legal code that reduced the boyars power.

However, Ivan quickly became known as ___________________________________________ because of his
oppressive policies such as _______________________________________________________ that brutally
punished anyone in opposition to Ivan.
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Ivan even killed his own son, leaving him without an heir to the throne.
Following Ivan, the ________________________________ family took over power in Russia and
_______________________________________ was crowned as czar.
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Peter sought to modernize Russia through a process that became known as _____________________________.
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He modernized the military, brought the church under state control, built up Russian industry, started a
newspaper, and sponsored new schools.
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He even ordered Russia to adopt more Westernized dress and social customs.
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Lastly, he founded a new city named ________________________________ that became known for its
westernized architecture and the new city became the capital of Russia.
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Russia’s next czarina became known as ___________________________________________
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Catherine worked to ____________________ and continue the westernized reforms of Peter the Great.
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She removed restrictions on trade and improved schools.
Catherine experienced conflict from Poland who wanted free of Russian rule.
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Catherine reorganized the local governments to give her more power.
The Holy Roman Empire
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The Holy Roman Empire was headed by a single Emperor, led by the ___________________________________,
but he did not have absolute power.
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His empire included many _______________________________________________________________.
When the Emperor ruled that two protestant churches be shut down peasants in that area revolted starting the
_______________________________________.
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The smaller states did not appreciate the King’s control over their religion.
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The Catholics and the Protestants warred against one another with other European powers joining the
fight including the Spanish on the side of the Catholics and Holy Roman Empire and the French on behalf
of the Protestants.

The ________________________________________________ ended the war by reducing the power of
the Holy Roman emperor and extending religious tolerance to all Germans.
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Austria and Prussia

When the Holy Roman Emperor died without a male heir his daughter _________________________________
took the throne, however, their rivals the _____________________________________ led by
____________________________________________________ wanted power.
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Maria Teresa and the Hohenzollern’s entered into the War of Austrian Succession.

Maria Teresa retained control of the Holy Roman Empire but Frederick the Great gained Silesia for
Prussia increasing the size of the Prussian Empire.

This resulted in another war called the _________________________________________ in which Prussia, along
with their allies the British, fought Austria, France, and Russia for control.
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The war extended into the colonies of the European Countries in the America’s.
Prussia emerged as the strongest _______________________________ power in Europe.