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Exploration Exploration in the East By 1400s, Europeans will begin to venture beyond their borders “God, Glory, and Gold” Advances in Technology: Caravel Astrolabe Magnetic compass Portugal: first leader in exploration and will be first European country to establish trading outposts along the west coast of Africa Prince Henry-establishes navigation schools Bartholomew Dias-reaches southernmost tip of Africa Vasco da Gama-Portuguese explorer who will reach India in 1497 Spain: Spain will begin to envy Portugal’s wealth Treaty of Tordesillas: Line of Demarcation divides the land up between Portugal and Spain Dutch: by 1600s,Netherlands will become a leading sea power due to its large fleet of ships Dutch East India Company Spice Islands Exploration into China With exploration, Europeans begin to look for additional sources of wealth. They will try to establish a trade relationship with other areas in Asia such as China Portuguese will arrive in China by 1514. At this time, China was united under a new dynasty: Ming dynasty China under Ming Dynasty Ming Dynasty: Established after Emperor Hongwu drove out the Mongols Hongwu focused on promoting China’s power and prosperity. Hongwu’s son, Yonglo will continue many of his father’s policies. He will also have a curiousity for the outside world. Yonglo will launch a series of explorations before the Europeans. -Zheng He China’s tribute system: Yonglo wanted to expand this system and will expect Europeans who trade in China to abide by this system. 16 countries, including Korea, will send tribute to China. China’s Trading Policies 1500s: Official trading policy reflected isolation, only government was to conduct foreign trade Despite the trading policy, trade flourished in China. There was a high demand by Europeans for China’s goods. However, despite the trade, China did not become highly industrialized because of two main reasons: Commerce offended Confucian beliefs Economic policies favored agriculture Forbidden City Qing Dynasty Ming Dynasty will weaken due to corrupt officials and lack of money. Manchus, people of Manchuria, will invade and establish Qing Dynasty Under Qian-long, China will reach its greatest size and prosperity Rules of trade: paying tribute and only trading at specific ports Chinese will accept Dutch as trading partners Great Britain: wants to increase trade, but doesn’t really want to abide by trading guidelines. Lord George Macartney will deliver letter from King George III to Qian-long. This letter will ask for a trading agreement that will be more suitable to Great Britain. Chinese will refuse to accept this new agreement. China: ‘self-sufficiency’ Exploration in Japan Weakening of unity in Japan. Military leaders, known as shoguns, are fighting with one another. They will begin to lose power to the lords that ruled different territories in Japan. Warring States Period Daimyo and Japanese feudalism Daimyo will try to unify Japan once again Tokugawa Ieyasu will complete the unification, he will become the shogun of Japan Ieyasu will establish the Tokugawa Shogunate European Contact During Warring States period, Japanese welcomed traders and missionaries. However, this will change. First Europeans that Japanese encountered were Portuguese Portuguese will introduce Firearms-changes Japanese traditions and use of sword Conflict Emerges Christian Missionaries in Japan Persecution of Christians as an attempt to control foreign ideas By 1639, we see a new trading policy in Japan: closed country policy Commercial centers will be shut down Closed country policy will remain in effect for next 200 years