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Wellness – Human Body Systems Date ______ Name ___________________________ The 11 human body systems are: Digestive System Converts food into simpler molecules that can be used by cells; absorbs food; eliminates waste. Organs/Components _____________ o The first stop in the disassembly of your food; Mechanical digestion = chewing Chemical digestion = enzymes found in saliva ____________ (throat) ____________ - small flap that closes over the opening of the respiratory system when swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway ____________ - muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach ____________ - produces bile, a substance that helps break down fats ____________ - stores bile produced by the liver ____________ - muscular pouch like organ where involuntary muscular churning and chemical digestion occurs ____________ - secretes enzymes to help break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats ____________ - narrow muscular tube where digestion of food is completed with the help of enzymes secreted by the liver and pancreas ____________ - little projections in the lining of the small intestine that function in the absorption of digested food ____________ - muscular tube where water and salts are absorbed; material spends 1824 hours here ____________ - tube-like extension off of the large intestine o The last part of the digestive system, feces are eliminated from rectum through the anus Digestive Diseases 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Appendicitis Cholecystitis - gallstones Cholelithiasis – gallstones Cirrhosis Hemorrhoids Ulcers Urinary System Filters blood, maintains electrolyte and fluid balance, and eliminates waste products from the body Organs/Components _____________ - help maintain balance by filtering blood to remove waste _____________ - tiny filter that makes up the kidney, there are millions _____________ - tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder _____________ - smooth muscle bag that stores a solution of wastes called urine _____________ - tube where urine passes out of the body Respiratory System The respiratory system provides __________ needed for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide from the body Organs/Components _____________ - respiration begins with taking in air _____________ (Throat) _____________ - where your vocal cords are _____________ (Windpipe) – passes air into the bronchi _____________ (singular: Bronchus) – passes air from trachea to lungs _____________ - each bronchus in the lungs branches out like a tree into bronchioles _____________ - sacs at the end of the bronchioles where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged _____________ - muscles that enables you to breathe Respiratory Diseases 1. Asthma 2. _____________ - smoker’s disease from cigarettes. Progressive loss of alveoli which decreases lung function. No cure. 3. _____________ - the pleura become inflamed, causing a sharp, stabbing pain, usually in the side or upper back/chest 4. ____________ - an inflammation or infection of the lungs characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli, usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or chemicals. Circulatory System Brings ________, ___________, and ____________ to cells; removes cell wastes; regulates body temperature. Organs/Components _____________ - the pump that keeps blood flowing through your body _____________ o Arteries Carry blood away from the heart ____________ o Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen to the body’s cells o White Blood Cells – defend the body against disease o Platelets – cell fragments needed for blood clotting o Plasma – fluid portion of the blood Blood Pressure 1. Diastole – relaxed/resting phase 2. Systole – contracted/squeezing phase 3. Blood Pressure = systole over diastole (normal BP is slightly less than 120/80) Cardiac Diseases 1. ____________ - inadequate # of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or both Symptoms: paleness, fatigue, dyspnea, and rapid heart rate Treatements: blood transfusion, iron supplements 2. ___________ - ballooning out segment of an artery 3. ___________ - hardening and thickening of the arterial walls resulting in loss of elasticity. 4. ___________ - fatty plaques deposit on arterial walls Causes: Diet high in saturated fat and smoking 5. ___________ - a foreign substance circulating in the bloodstream 6. ___________ - high blood pressure, 140/90 or higher Risk factors: family history, obesity, stress, smoking, aging, high saturated fat/sodium diet Skeletal System Supports the body; protects internal organs; allows movement; stores mineral reserves; provides blood cell formation Organs/Components _____________ o Produce blood cells o Red marrow Produces red and white blood cells o Yellow marrow Consists of stored fat _____________ - found where two (2) bones meet _____________ - surrounds the end on bone to prevent grinding upon another bone _____________ - tough band of tissue attaching one bone to another _____________ - thick bands of tissue connecting muscle to bone Muscular System Produces movement; helps to circulate venous blood, moves food through digestive system Organs/Components _____________ Muscle – makes up your heart, is adapted to generate and conduct electrical impulses _____________ Muscle (voluntary muscle) o Attachs to and moves bones _____________ Muscle (involuntary muscle) o Found on walls of internal organs and blood vessels Muscular Diseases 1. ____________ ___________ - a group of inherited diseases that lead to chronic, progressive muscular atrophy. (atrophy means shrinking of the muscle) 2. ___________ - severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in bending of a joint 3. __________ __________ - sudden, painful, involuntary muscle contractions 4. ______________ - overstretching of or injury to a muscle and/or tendon. Skeletal System Recognizes and coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environments Organs/Components _____________ (Nerve Cells) o Basic unit of structure and function of the nervous system o Long cell with 3 regions: _____ _____, ___________, and __________. _____________ - control center _____________ ____________ ___________ Nervous System o Made up of the nerves which carry messages to and from the central nervous system Nervous Diseases 1. _______________________ - occurs when blood flow to the brain is impaired, resulting in a lack of oxygen to brain tissues and destruction to those tissues ____________ - bursting forth of blood inside the cranial cavity after a vessel has burst. ____________ - blood clot within a small vessel inside the brain