Download Unit 5 Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous System

The Skeletal
Muscular, and
Nervous System
Chapter 14-
Lesson 1
Lesson2
Lesson3
How the Skeletal System
Works
 206 Bones
 Smallest=Inner ear (.25 cm)
 Largest=Femur (550-1700 pounds of pressure)
 Fingers, toes, and ribs are the easiest to break
Bones and their Structure
 Compact Bone-outer layer, protective
 Spongy Bone-less dense filled with red bone
marrow, where red blood cells are produced.
 Yellow Marrow-stores fat
Functions of the Skeletal
System
 Providing support for the body.
 Protecting internal organs and tissues.
 Producing new red and white blood cells.
 Storing fat and minerals, such as calcium and
phosphorus.
Connective Tissue
 3 Types
 Cartilage-strong, flexible connective tissue that can
act as a cushion between two bones to reduce
friction.
 Ligament-a band of fibrous, slightly elastic
connective tissue that attaches one bone to
another.
 Tendon-a fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the
bone.
Caring for the Skeletal
System
 A healthy diet, exercise, protective gear, and
regular checkups are ways to care for your
skeletal system.
Understanding Skeletal
Problems
 Scoliosis-a lateral or side to side curvature of the
spine.
 Fractures-any type of break in the bone
 Hairline fractures-parts of the bone do not separate.
 Transverse fractures-fracture is completely across the
bone.
 Comminuted fractures-when the bone shatters into
more than two pieces.
Injuries to Joints
 Dislocation-when a bone slips out of place, tearing
the ligaments that attach the bone at the joint.
 Torn Cartilage-results from a sharp blow to a joint or
a severe twisting of a joint.
 Bursitis-results from the painful inflammation of
bursa, a fluid filled sac that helps reduce friction in
joints.
 Bunions-painful swellings of the bursae in the first
joints of the big toes.
 Arthritis-inflammation of a joint, resulting from an
injury, natural wear and tear, or autoimmune
disease
Osteoporosis
 A condition in which there is a progressive loss of
bone tissue.
 You must consume Vitamin D, phosphorus, and
calcium to maintain bone health.
 Weight bearing activities decrease the risk of
osteoporosis.
The Muscular System
 Muscles are like rubber bands, they allow
movement to the organs or bones they are
attached.
 Voluntary and involuntary muscles.
Voluntary and Involuntary
Muscles
 Involuntary
 Voluntary
 Diaphragm
 Running to first base
 Small and large intestine
 Walking
 Heart
 Catching a ball
Types of Muscle
 Smooth Muscles
 Skeletal Muscles
 Cardiac Muscles
Caring for Your Muscles
 Get regular exercise.
 Eat high protein foods to build muscle.
 Practice good posture to strengthen back
muscles.
 Warm up properly before exercising and cool
down after exercising.
Understanding Muscular
Problems
 Bruises-areas of discolored skin that appear after an
injury, blood vessels rupture underneath the skin.
 Muscle strains or sprain-muscles are stretched or
partially torn from overexertion.
 Tendinitis-inflammation of a tendon, can be the
consequence of injury, overuse, or natural aging.
 Hernia-occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes
through an area of weak muscle.
 Muscular dystrophy-an inherited disorder in which
skeletal muscle fibers are progressively destroyed.
The Nervous System
 The nervous system coordinates all of the
activities in the body.
Two Main Divisions
 The Central Nervous System (CNS)
 Consists of the brain and spinal cord
 The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
 Gathers information from inside and outside of your
body.
 The CNS receives messages from the PNS,
interprets them, and sends out a response.
Understanding Neurons
 Neurons or nerve cells transmit messages to and
from the spinal cord and brain.
 Dendrites-branched structures from the cell
body, they receive information and transmit
impulses toward the cell body.
 Axons-transmit impulses away from the cell body
and toward another neuron, muscle cell, or
gland.
The Central Nervous System
 BRAIN
 SPINAL CORD
Sections of the Brain
 Anatomy of the Brain
 P. 394
The Brainstem
The Peripheral Nervous
System
 Made up of the nerves that are not in the brain
and spinal cord.
Autonomic Nervous System
 Involuntary Functions
 The sympathetic nervous system-flight fight
response
 The parasympathetic nervous system-opposes
the actions of the sympathetic nervous system
Somatic Nervous System
 Voluntary responses
 Eyes
 Ears
 Nose
 Tongue
Problem of the Nervous
System
 Headaches
 Head Injuries
 Spinal Injuries
 Meningitis