Download Sedimentary Rocks

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NOTES: Chapter 5.2 – Sedimentary Rocks
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Sedimentary rocks form when ________________________________ into rocks
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Most of Earth’s crust is covered by sedimentary rocks
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Three Main Kinds of Sedimentary Rock
1. _____________ – cemented together fragments of other rocks
2. ______________ – mineral grains that are removed from a solution by evaporation or chemical action
3. ____________ – remains of plants and animals
1. Clastic Rocks (form by)
1. ________________ – clastic sedimentary rocks are formed when already existing rocks _________
into smaller ________________
2. ___________ – weathered rock _________ are _____________ by rivers, winds, waves, and glaciers
3. _____________ – sediments are ____________ when the transport system (ie: stream) loses ___________
4. ____________ – the __________ of overlying sediments can also make fine sediments stick together
5. ___________________ – dissolved __________ such as silica (SiO2), calcite (CaCO3), and iron oxide
(FeO) settle into the spaces between the sand grains or pebbles, _________ them together into rock
Clastic Rocks: Conglomerate
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____________, large grains
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Deposited in ________________ system (rough
water)
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Cemented mixture of ___________________
and sand grains
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Pebbles can be any durable rock material
Clastic rocks: Sandstone
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____________ grained
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__________ (small holes)
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Quartz grains (7 on Moh’s scale of hardness)
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_______________ (water can pass through)
Clastic rocks: Shale
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________ grained clay minerals
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Smooth, soft and ______________________
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Impermeable
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Found in very _________________ environments
2. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
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Water contains ____________________________
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____________________ of water leaves these minerals behind to form rocks
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The most common are limestone, rock salt, and rock gypsum
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Limestone is formed from tiny grains of _______________
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Rock salt is the natural form of table salt, it is almost pure _______________
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Rock gypsum occurs in layers and is almost pure _______________
EARTH SCIENCE 11
NOTES: Ch. 5.2 – Sedimentary Rocks
3. Organic Sedimentary Rocks
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Organic sediments come from the remains of _________________________________
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The most common are __________________________ and ___________
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Shell limestone is mostly _______________
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shell producing animals die and their shells pile up and are cemented together
Sedimentary Features: Stratification
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Stratification is the arrangement of rocks in _________________
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When there is a __________ in the type of sediments being laid
down, _______ rock layers are formed
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The layers are called _______ and are separated by bedding
planes (usually _________________________)
Sedimentary Features: Cross Bedding
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Cross-bedding develops when beds are deposited __________________:
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wind on dunes, rivers on deltas or sandbars
Fossils in Sedimentary Rocks
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Fossils are the _____________, impressions, or any other evidence
of __________________________ preserved in rock
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Animals and plants that die and are __________________________
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The ________________ may remain as fossils when the sediments
turn to rock
Ripple Marks and Mud Cracks
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Many sandstones show ripple marks that are formed by the action
of _____________________________________________ on sand
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Mud cracks develop when deposits of wet clay _________________
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Mud cracks are later filled with different materials, and the clay
becomes ___________________
Nodules, Geodes
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Nodules are _______ of fine-grained __________ called
chert deposited bit by bit around pieces of fossil
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A Geode is a hollow nodule of silica rock, filled with
______________________________