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638 PART 5 Functional Mover Groups of Muscles FUNCTIONAL MOVER GROUPS: UPPER EXTREMITY Scapulocostal Joint Elevators Upper trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboids Figure 19-1 Scapulocostal joint elevators and depressors. A, Posterior view of the scapulocostal joint elevators. The middle and lower trapezius have been ghosted in on the left. Scapulocostal Joint Elevators Upper trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids, serratus anterior CHAPTER 19 Functional Groups of Muscles Scapulocostal Joint Depressors Pectoralis major ( h t d) Lower trapezius Pectorali s minor Latissimus dorsi Serratu s anterio Figure 19-1, cont’d B, Anterior view of the scapulocostal joint depressors. C, Posterior view of the scapulocostal joint depressors. The upper and middle trapezius have been ghosted in on the left. Scapulocostal Joint Depressors Lower trapezius, pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi 639 640 PART 5 Functional Mover Groups of Muscles Scapulocostal Joint Protractors and Retractors Pectoralis maj Levator scapulae Trapezius Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior B Figure 19-2 Scapulocostal joint protractors and retractors. A, Anterior view of the scapulocostal joint protractors. The pectoralis major has been ghosted in. B, Posterior view of the scapulocostal joint retractors. Scapulocostal Joint Protractors Serratus anterior, pectoralis minor, pectoralis major Scapulocostal Joint Retractors Rhomboids, trapezius, levator scapulae Rhomboids CHAPTER 19 Functional Groups of Muscles Scapulocostal Joint Upward and Downward Rotators Upper trapezius 641 □ Levator scapulae Rhomboids Lower trapezius Deltoid Teres major Serratu s anterior Figure 19-3 Scapulocostal joint upward rotators and downward rotators. A, Posterior view of the scapulocostal joint upward rotators. The middle trapezius has been ghosted in. B, Posterior view of the scapulocostal joint downward rotators. The pectoralis minor is not pictured. Scapulocostal Joint Upward Rotators Upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, teres major Scapulocostal Joint Downward Rotators Rhomboids, levator scapulae, deltoid, pectoralis minor (not seen) 19 CHAPTER 19 Functional Groups of Muscles Scapulocostal Joint Upward and Downward Rotators Upper trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboids Lower trapezius Deltoid Teres major Serratu s anterior Figure 19-3 Scapulocostal joint upward rotators and downward rotators. A, Posterior view of the scapulocostal joint upward rotators. The middle trapezius has been ghosted in. B, Posterior view of the scapulocostal joint downward rotators. The pectoralis minor is not pictured. Scapulocostal Joint Upward Rotators Upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, teres major Scapulocostal Joint Downward Rotators Rhomboids, levator scapulae, deltoid, pectoralis minor (not seen) 641 □ 642 PART 5 Functional Mover Groups of Muscles Glenohumeral Joint Flexors and Extensors Pectoralis major (clavicular head) Posterior deltoid Anterior deltoid Teres major Triceps brachii (long head) Latissimus dorsi Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii Figure 19-4 Glenohumeral joint flexors and extensors. A, Anterior view of the glenohumeral joint flexors. The sternocostal head of the pectoralis major and the middle deltoid have been ghosted in. B, Posterior view of the glenohumeral joint extensors. The sternocostal head of the pectoralis major is not pictured. The middle deltoid has been ghosted in. Glenohumeral Joint Flexors Anterior deltoid, pectoralis major (clavicular head), coracobrachialis, biceps brachii Glenohumeral Joint Extensors Latissimus dorsi, teres major, posterior deltoid, pectoralis major (sternocostal head; not seen), triceps brachii (long head) CHAPTER 19 Functional Groups of Muscles □ Glenohumeral Joint Abductors Supraspinatus Pectoralis major (clavicular head) Deltoid Biceps brachii (long head) Figure 19-5 Glenohumeral joint abductors and adductors. A, Anterior view of the glenohumeral joint abductors. The sternocostal head of the pectoralis major and the short head of the biceps brachii have been ghosted in. Glenohumeral Joint Abductors Deltoid, supraspinatus, biceps brachii (long head), pectoralis major (clavicular head) 643 644 PART 5 Functional Mover Groups of Muscles Glenohumeral Joint Adductors Teres minor Pectoralis major Teres major Triceps brachii (l h d) Coracobrachialis Latissimus dorsi Biceps brachii Figure 19-5, cont’d B, Anterior view of the glenohumeral joint adductors. The long head of the biceps brachii has been ghosted in. C, Posterior view of the glenohumeral joint adductors. The lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii have been ghosted in. Glenohumeral Joint Adductors Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii (short head), triceps brachii (long head), teres minor CHAPTER 19 Functional Groups of Muscles 645 □ Glenohumeral Joint Lateral and Medial Rotators Posterior deltoid Teres minor Infraspinatus Teres Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis major Anteri or deltoi Subscapularis EE c Figure humeral 19-6 joint Glenohumeral lateral joint rotators. The lateral middle rotators deltoid and has medial been rotators. ghosted A, in. Posterior B, Posterior humeral joint medial rotators. C, Anterior view of the glenohumeral joint medial rotators. Glenohumeral Joint Lateral Rotators Posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor Glenohumeral Joint Medial Rotators Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis view view of of the gleno- the gleno- PART 5 Functional Mover Groups of Muscles 644 Glenohumeral Joint Adductors Teres minor Pectoralis major Teres major Triceps brachii (l h d) Coracobrachialis Latissimus dorsi Biceps brachii ( ) Figure 19-5, cont’d B, Anterior view of the glenohumeral joint adductors. The long head of the biceps brachii has been ghosted in. C, Posterior view of the glenohumeral joint adductors. The lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii have been ghosted in. Glenohumeral Joint Adductors Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii (short head), triceps brachii (long head), teres minor CHAPTER 19 Functional Groups of Muscles Glenohumeral Joint Lateral and Medial Rotators Posterior deltoid Teres minor Infraspinatus Teres major Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis major Anteri or deltoi Subscapularis c Figure humeral 19-6 joint Glenohumeral lateral joint rotators. The lateral middle rotators and deltoid has medial been rotators. ghosted A, in. Posterior B, humeral joint medial rotators. C, Anterior view of the glenohumeral joint medial rotators. Glenohumeral Joint Lateral Rotators Posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor Glenohumeral Joint Medial Rotators Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis Posterior view view of of the gleno- the gleno- 645 646 PART 5 Functional Mover Groups of Muscles Elbow Joint Flexors and Extensors Biceps Triceps brachii brachii Pronator teres Brachioradialis Flexor carpi di li Palmaris longus Anconeus Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Flexor digitorum superficialis Extensor ulnaris Extensor carpi di li Flexor pollicis l Flexor long Figure 19-7 Elbow joint flexors and extensors. A, Anterior view of the elbow joint flexors. The extensor carpi radialis brevis is not pictured. B, Posterior view of the elbow joint extensors. Elbow Joint Flexors Brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialis, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, extensor carpi extensor carpi radialis brevis (not seen) Elbow Joint Extensors Triceps brachii, anconeus, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris radialis longus, 646 PART 5 Functional Mover Groups of Muscles Elbow Joint Flexors and Extensors Biceps brachii Tricep s brachii Brachialis Pronator teres Brachioradialis Flexor carpi di li Palmaris longus Anconeus Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Flexor digitorum superficialis Extensor ulnaris Extensor carpi di li Flexor pollicis l Flexor long Figure 19-7 Elbow joint flexors and extensors. A, Anterior view of the elbow joint flexors. The extensor carpi radialis brevis is not pictured. B, Posterior view of the elbow joint extensors. Elbow Joint Flexors Brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialis, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, extensor carpi extensor carpi radialis brevis (not seen) Elbow Joint Extensors Triceps brachii, anconeus, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris radialis longus, CHAPTER 19 Functional Groups of Muscles Radioulnar Joints Pronators and Supinators Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Flexor carpi di li Palmaris longus Supinator Brachioradialis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor carpi di li Extensor pollicis longus Pronator quadratu s Extensor indicis Figure 19-8 Radioulnar joints: pronators and supinators. A, Anterior view of the radioulnar joints pronators. The extensor carpi radialis brevis is not pictured. B, Posterior view of the radioulnar joints supinators. The extensors carpi radialis longus and brevis are not pictured. Radioulnar Joints Pronation Pronator teres, pronator quadratus, brachioradialis, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis (not seen) Radioulnar Joints Supination Supinator, biceps brachii, brachioradialis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, extensor carpi radialis longus (not seen), extensor carpi radialis brevis (not seen) 647 648 PART 5 Functional Mover Groups of Muscles Wrist Joint Flexors and Extensors Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi di li Palmaris longus Flexor carpi l i Flexor pollicis l Extensor ulnaris Extensor carpi di li b i Extensor digiti minimi Flexor digitorum fi i li Extensor digitorum Flexor digitorum f d Abductor pollicis longus Figure 19-9 Wrist joint flexors and extensors. A, Anterior view of the wrist joint flexors. B, Posterior view of the wrist joint extensors. Wrist Joint Flexors Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis longus Wrist Joint Extensors Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis Extensor pollicis Extensor indicis CHAPTER 19 Functional Groups of Muscles Wrist Joint Radial Deviators Extensor carpi radialis brevis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Figure 19-10 Wrist joint radial deviators and ulnar deviators. A, Radial (lateral) view of wrist joint radial deviators. B, Anterior view of wrist joint radial deviators. Wrist Joint Radial Deviators Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis longus 649 □
