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Chapter 1 What is Psych Definition of Psych Principle = Law Careers in Psych Difference between Psychologist and Psychiatrist History of Psych (structuralism, functionalism, associationism, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, Gestalt) Theorists (Pavlov, Skinner, Freud, Watson, James, Wundt) Contemporary Perspectives (chart on page 25) Chapter 2 Psych Experiments Research (psychological constructs, surveys, target population, random sample, stratified sample) Hawthorne Effect (participant bias, confirmation bias) Methods of Observation (visuals on p.46-47) Analysis (positive/negative correlation, limits) Statistics Mean, median, mode = central tendency Standard deviation, range = dispersion Experimental Method Independent variable Dependent variable Experimental Group Control Group Placebo Single and Double Blind studies (visual p. 53) Ethics Conditions of deception Informed Consent APA Chapter 3 BioPsych Nervous System CNS, PNS (Flow Chart Worksheet) Parts of a neuron in order (drawing) How messages are sent (sensory and motor neurons) Fight or Flight response Brain Function of structures: (Brain Surgery) Medulla Pons Cerebellum RAS Thalamus Hypothalamus Amygdala Limbic System Cerebral Cortex Corpus Collosum 4 Lobes of Brain Endocrine System Glands and hormones How are hormones like neurotransmitters Pituitary Thyroid Adrenal Ovaries and Testes Nature (genes) vs. Nurture (environment) Genes and chromosomes Twin Studies Adoptee Studies Chapter 4 Senstation and Perception Sensation (def) Absolute Threshold (chart on page 97) Difference Threshold Sensory Adaptation Signal-detection theory Vision Rods and Cones After images Lens ROY G BIV Optic Nerve Hearing Pitch=frequency Loudness=amplitude Auditory nerve Cochlea Conductive and Sensorineural Deafness Taste Gustation Umami, salt, sweet, bitter, sour Smell Olfactory Chemical sense Sensory Adaptation dangerous Skin Pressure, pain, temperature Gate Control Theory Body Vestibular Kinesthetic Perception (definition) Rules of organization Movement Depth Perception (monocular, binocular cues) Visual Illusions (Muller-Lyer , Ponzo) Chapter 6 Learning Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus (Chart on page 160) Extinction Spontaneous Recovery Generalization/Discrimination Flooding/systematic desensitization Counterconditioning Operant Conditioning (Skinner) Reinforcement Primary reinforcers Secondary reinforcers Positive reinforcers (chart on pg. 166 and worksheet from class) Negative reinforcers Rewards (used synonymously with positive reinforcers) Punishments Schedules of reinforcement Continuous Partial Fixed interval Variable interval Fixed Ratio Variable Ratio Extinction Shaping Chaining Cognitive Factors Latent and observational PQ4R- Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review (Chart on p. 179) Chapter 7 Memory 3 3’s of Memory Kinds Episodic Semantic Implicit (explicit) Processess Encoding OTTFFSSENT Visual and Acoustic Semantic Storage Maintenance Rehearsal Elaborative Rehearsal Organizational filing system in brain as at home in a file cabinet (filing errors) Retrieval Context dependent memories State dependent memories Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon Stages Sensory Memory Iconic Echoic Short-Term Memory Primacy effect Recency effect Chunking (phone numbers – 7 items) Interference Long-Term Memory Memory Reconstruction Schemas Capacity Forgetting and Improvement Tasks Recognition Recall Relearning Kinds Decay Repression Amnesia Retrograde, Anterograde, Infantile Strategies Drill and practice Relating to existing knowledge Form unusual associations Use Mnemonic Devices