Download Configuring Input and Output Devices_PPT_ch06

Guide to Operating Systems,
th
5 Edition
Chapter 5
Installing and Upgrading
Operating Systems
Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
• Explain the overall process of installing and
upgrading operating systems
• Prepare to install an operating and understand the
factors involved in an upgrade
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
2
Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
• Install and upgrade the following operating systems
and understand the various options in:
– Windows 7 and Windows 10, Windows Server 2008
and Windows Server 2012, Linux Fedora, and Mac
OS X El Capitan
• Obtain operating system patches and minor
upgrades via the Internet
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
3
Part 1: Introduction and Initial
Preparations
• In Part 1, you learn:
– General concepts about OS installation and
upgrades
– How to make advance preparations to help
maximize the success of an installation
• Verifying hardware and hardware drivers
• Backing up the OSs before starting
• Conducting a test upgrade
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
4
Introduction to Installing an OS
• Two types of operating system installations:
– Clean installation – on a computer that either has no
OS or on a computer that has an OS that will be
overwritten by the installation
• May also occur on a computer that has an OS
installed and a new OS is installed on another volume,
creating a dual-boot situation
– Upgrade installation – on a computer that already
has an earlier version of the operating system
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
5
Introduction to Installing an OS
• Process of installing a new OS varies from one
operating system to another
• Divided into three stages:
– Preparation for installation
– Installation itself
– Configuration tasks performed following the
installation
• Preparing for installation involves:
– Making sure the computer meets or exceeds the
minimum requirements
– Ensuring that all equipment is operating correctly
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
6
Introduction to Installing an OS
• Preparing for installation involves (cont’d):
– Having all OS installation media available
– Understanding the general features of the OS you
are installing so you can decide which modules to
install or omit
– Having device drivers that might not be included with
the OS installation files
– Having accurate information available about your
computer and peripheral devices
– Being aware of network environment in which you
are installing the OS
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
7
Introduction to Installing an OS
• During the installation, you may need to provide:
– Where (in which drive, folder, or path) to install the
OS and what to name the folder that contains the OS
– What type of installation you wish to perform
(Custom or Upgrade)
– Information about you, your company, and your
computer (computer or workgroup name)
– Licensing information verifying your right to install
the OS
– Which components of the OS you want to install
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
8
Introduction to Installing an OS
• After installation, keep the product key, ID number
or activation number in a safe place
• The installation consists of some of the following
general functions:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Running the installation program
Gathering system information
Determining which elements of OS to be installed
Copying OS files to your computer
Configuring devices and drivers
Restarting the system and finalizing configuration of
devices
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
9
Introduction to Installing an OS
• Most OSs have the Plug and Play (PnP) feature
that automatically configures internal and
external devices as part of the installation
• Even with PnP-capable OSs
– You may have to configure devices to work optimally
with the OS
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
10
Preparing for Installation
• Advance preparations:
– The computer must meet the minimum specification
for the OS you are installing
• Most commonly, the minimum specifications cover:
– The speed and type of CPU
– The amount of memory
– The amount of free disk space
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
11
Checking the Hardware
• Make sure that all external hardware is turned on
and ready for use
– Examples: computer/monitor, and any external
peripheral devices
• Have all available information about your hardware
– Know how many hard drives, size and type of disks
• You should also know:
– How much memory you have
– Make and model of video/network/sound card, etc…
– The types of device drivers for your printer/scanner
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
12
Checking the Hardware
Table 5-1 Hardware component information
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
13
Checking Drivers
• Examples of devices that require special drivers
– DVD drives, SCSI drives, network interface cards,
printers, and scanners
• Drivers may come on a disk with the device but
might not include drivers for all possible operating
systems
• Newer drivers might be available that will make the
device work faster/better
– Go to the hardware manufacturer’s website to
download the latest driver that matches the OS you
will be installing
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
14
Ensuring Hardware Compatibility
• Many OSs have certain hardware requirements
that are usually found on vendor’s Web site
– Example: Find compatibility information for Windows
servers on Windows Server Catalog Web site
– Red Hat has a certified products catalog that
combines Red Hat hardware, software, and plug-in
compatibility information into a single publication
– For Mac OS X, use Apple Macintosh hardware such
as the iMac to ensure compatibility
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
15
Migrating to a New OS
• Migrating is a term used to refer to move from one
OS to another, which may or may not involve
implementing a new computer
• A migration may be necessary:
– When you find that your current OS version does not
support new software or certain devices you want to
use
– Older OSs don’t have new security features required
for safer network and Internet access
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
16
Deciding Whether to Perform an
Upgrade or Clean Installation
• Upgrade installation usually costs less and you can
select to retain your existing settings, data files,
and applications (saves time)
• Clean upgrade gives you a fresh start by
reformatting the hard disk, which enables disk
problems to be found and fixed
– Takes more time to configure OS, copy back data
files and reinstall applications
• In some cases, you need to perform a clean
installation because the new OS version does not
support your old hardware
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
17
Preparing for an Upgrade or Migration
• Decide if an upgrade is necessary:
– Will it enable you or your organization to perform
tasks or use software you can’t use now?
– Will it save money in the long run by increasing
productivity or enabling new services?
– Is your current OS no longer supported
– Does your current OS have security vulnerabilities
that a new OS resolves?
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
18
Preparing for an Upgrade or Migration
• Deciding to Upgrade or Migrate
– Do you or your organization need new functionality
that may come with an upgrade?
– Objective analysis of the situation may show that an
upgrade or migration might not be cost effective
– However, you may want to upgrade to newer
hardware for warranty, performance, and reliability;
your old OS may not support the new hardware
features
– Experience has also shown that it is best not to
upgrade/migrate shortly after a new OS is released
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
19
Preparing for an Upgrade or Migration
• The OS Version Development Cycle
– Some OS vendors offer prerelease or beta software
for you to try
– Microsoft typically offers prereleases in the form of:
• Alpha software – an early development version of
software (likely to have bugs)
• Beta software – has successfully passed the alpha
test stage
• Release candidate (RC) – software at final stage of
testing by vendors/users before the official release
• Release to manufacturing (RTM) – ready to go to
market
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
20
Preparing for an Upgrade or Migration
• Checking Hardware and Software
– If your organization supports many computers,
consider keeping an inventory of the hardware (See
Table 5-2)
– Make sure that the current drivers for I/O devices
and storage media work with the new version
– Keep detailed records of custom software settings
(changes in the default settings)
– Determine what software is used on systems prior to
an upgrade so you make sure it is compatible with
new OS
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
21
Preparing for an Upgrade or Migration
Table 5-2 Sample hardware inventory for multiple computers
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
22
Making Backups Before Migrating to a
New OS
• Backup – copying files from a computer system to
another medium, such as tape, DVD, another hard
drive, or a removable drive
• Most operating systems have a backup utility
• Consider this when backing up your information:
– Close all open windows and save files
– Make sure you have the software to restore the
backups under both the new and old OS
– Make sure you make a full backup of the system
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
23
Conducting a Test Migration
• If upgrading more than one or two computers, test
a migration before applying it
– Choose a computer that represents the lowest
memory, speed of CPU, size of hard disk, etc…
– The test computer should have all the same
software and be functional on the same network as
the computers to be upgraded
– Take notes describing the steps and any problems
that arose and what you did to solve those problems
– Create a written checklist that documents the
upgrade/migration process
Once Systems,
complete,
test the computer for a few days 24
Guide–
to Operating
5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
Conducting a Test Migration
• Once complete, test the computer for a few days
– During the test phase, ask an experienced user to
use the test computer for a few days.
– Ensure that the upgrade did not change any settings
or move/remove files or programs
– You may need a week or longer to get through tests
– It is better to find out during a test that an OS
upgrade/migration will not work for you
– Test results may also be used to explain to
management why an upgrade/migration should or
should not be carried out
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
25
Training
• When migrating to a new desktop OS, training is
recommended
• Could be classes, training videos, training DVDs,
etc...
• Training should be offered for server administrators
as well as end users
• There is an initial expense with training, but the
return on investment (ROI) can be worth it
– User productivity should improve as well as user
morale
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
26
Part 2: OS Installations and Upgrades
• This section of the chapter focuses on steps to
install and upgrade OSs discussed in the book
• For each OS you learn:
– Information about OS versions
– Minimum and recommended hardware
configurations
– Installation steps
– Upgrade steps
– How to install minor upgrades or patches
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
27
Installing and Upgrading Windows 7
• Mainstream support for Windows 7 ended in Jan
2015 but it’s still widely used in business and home
• Windows 7 Editions:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Starter Edition
Home Basic Edition
Home Premium
Professional Edition
Business Edition
Ultimate Edition
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
28
Installing and Upgrading Windows 7
• All Windows 7 Editions, except Starter Edition
come in 32- and 64-bit versions
• Hardware Requirements:
Table 5-3 Windows 7 hardware requirements
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
29
Installing and Upgrading Windows 7
• With installation DVD inserted in the drive, start the
computer
– System boots from the DVD and setup program
begins
– You will be prompted for language and locale
– After clicking Next, click Install now and setup
continues
– You must accept license terms and choose the type
of installation
• For clean installation, choose Custom (advanced)
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
30
Installing and Upgrading Windows 7
Figure 5-2 Choosing an Upgrade or Custom Installation in Windows 7
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
31
Installing and Upgrading Windows 7
• Installation (cont’d)
– Next, choose where to install Windows
– If your disk is empty, accept the default option and
Windows will create a 300 MB System Reserved
partition for boot files and assign remaining disk
space to the C: drive where Windows is installed
• You can create your own partitions or delete existing
partitions by clicking Drive options
– Next, Windows copies needed files for installation
– Computer will restart once or twice during installation
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
32
Installing and Upgrading Windows 7
• Installation (cont’d)
– When complete, you are prompted to create a user
and a name for your computer and then create a
password
– Next, configure Windows Updates, set the time and
time zone, and select your network location
– Windows finalizes settings, desktop appears, and
installation is complete
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
33
Installing and Upgrading Windows 7
• Upgrading Windows 7 – Two approaches
– To upgrade from one edition of Windows 7 to a more
full-featured edition
• Purchase the Windows Anytime Upgrade for Windows
7
– To upgrade from Windows XP or Vista
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
34
Installing and Upgrading Windows 10
• Installation process for Windows 10 doesn’t differ
substantially from that of Windows 7 or Windows
8/8.1
– Until initial installation is over and you are asked
whether you want to customize or express settings
• If you customize settings
– You can specify how much information your
computer sends to Microsoft
• You will be asked how you want to connect to your
organization’s network
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
35
Installing and Upgrading Windows 10
Figure 5-4 Customize settings in Windows 10
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
36
Installing and Upgrading Windows 10
• Upgrading to Windows 10
– In-place upgrade – overwrites current OS installation
and maintains applications, settings, and data
– Windows 10 is a free upgrade for qualified editions
• Unless you are running Enterprise edition of Windows
7 or 8/8.1, which you would have to upgrade to an
Enterprise edition of Windows 10
– Easiest way to upgrade is to download the Windows
upgrade program
• Will detect your editions of Windows and will install the
correct edition of Windows 10
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
37
Installing and Upgrading Windows 10
Table 5-4 Windows 10 upgrade paths
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
38
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2008/R2
• Some features in 2008 include:
– Centralized server management through the Server
Manager tool
– Improved security
– Enhanced Web hosting services
– Hyper-V tool to create a virtual server environment
– Windows Server Core for running a server strictly
through a command-line interface
– Windows PowerShell, which provides a commandline and shell-based environment for creating timesaving computer management scripts
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
39
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2008/R2
• Enhancements made with Server 2008/R2:
– Active Directory Administrative Center tool and
Active Directory Recycle Bin
– File classification and file management tasks
– Hyper-V enhancements, including better processor
and networking support, and live migration
– Windows AppLocker to better manage how clients
access applications and server scripts
– New PowerShell commands to provide better scriptbased management of Windows servers
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
40
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2008/R2
• Main editions of Windows Server 2008/R2:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Standard edition
Enterprise edition
Datacenter edition
Web Server edition
Itanium edition
Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation edition
• Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter editions of
original release come in 32-bit and 64-bit versions
– Starting with R2, only 64-bit version is available
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
41
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2008/R2
• Hardware Requirements
Table 5-5 Windows Server 2008/R2 minimum and recommended
system requirements (all editions unless noted)
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
42
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2008/R2
• Several ways to install Windows Server 2008/R2:
– Traditional DVD clean installation
– Unattended installation that uses specialized files for
automating the installation of one or more servers
without server administrator intervention
– Installation into a virtual machine, such as in HyperV
– Windows Deployment Services – enables multiple
operating systems to be installed from a master
server over a network
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
43
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2008/R2
• Upgrading Windows Server 2008/R2
– Microsoft recommends that you perform a clean
installation of Server 2008 rather than perform an
upgrade
• A server is more likely to have more critical
applications, databases, and other mission-critical
information vital to an organization
• In an upgrade, there is greater possibility that
compatibility problems or unexpected problems may
result
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
44
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2012/R2
• Windows Server 2012 was released in Aug 2012
with Windows 8
– Server 2012 R2 was released in Aug 2013 with
Windows 8.1
• Notable changes from Windows Server 2008/R2
– Dropped support for the Itanium processor
– Dropped Enterprise edition
– Adopted the Metro-style user interface from
Windows 8/8.1
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
45
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2012/R2
• Very little for the user to do during installation
– Has a convenient configuration panel called Local
Server Properties
• Hardware Requirements:
Table 5-6 Windows Server 2012/R2 minimum and recommended
system requirements (all editions unless noted)
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
46
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2012/R2
• Installing Windows Server 2012/R2
– Similar to that of Server 2008/R2
Figure 5-6 Selecting Server Core or Server with a GUI
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
47
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2012/R2
• Two main methods:
– In-place upgrade
– Server role migration
• Overview of in-place upgrade considerations:
– Previous versions supported for upgrade are
Windows Server 2008/R2
– If you’re running Server Core, you can upgrade to
Windows 2012/R2 Server Core and install the GUI
afterward
– You can only upgrade the Server 2008 64-bit version
to Windows Server 2012/R2
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
48
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2012/R2
• Overview of in-place upgrade considerations
(cont’d):
– You can’t upgrade to a different language
Table 5-7 Windows Server 2012/R2 upgrade paths
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
49
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2012/R2
• Before an upgrade begins, Windows runs a
compatibility check and produces a compatibility
report
• Migrating from an Earlier Version
– Microsoft recommends a clean installation followed
by server role migration, when possible
• Migration allows you to do the following:
– Migrate from a 32-bit Windows server installation to
Windows Server 2012/R2
– Migrate from Windows Server 2003 SP2 and later
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
50
Installing and Upgrading Windows
Server 2012/R2
• Migration allows you to do the following (cont’d):
– Migrate from a Windows Server 2008 R2 Server
Core installation to a GUI installation and vice versa
• Language migration is not supported
– Both server versions must be running the same
language package
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
51
Installing and Upgrading Linux
• This book covers installing one Linux distribution
version – Fedora 23
• Hardware Requirements:
Table 5-8 Fedora 23 hardware requirements
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
52
Installing and Upgrading Linux
• Installing Linux
– Fedora 23 Live Media can be booted and run from a
DVD or it can be loaded as a permanent OS on a
hard drive
– Most Linux distributions can be used as a desktop or
server OS
• Some distributions have a specific version for the
desktop and another version for a server
• Installations for both are similar, server versions just
usually include utilities intended for server
environments
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
53
Installing and Upgrading Linux
• Upgrading Linux
– Upgrade process works similarly to the installation
process
– You can choose specific elements to update
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
54
Installing and Upgrading Mac OS X
• Uses a graphical interface and a Setup Assistant
that functions similarly to Windows setup wizards
• Mac OS X up through Mac OS X Leopard can be
installed on a computer with a PowerPC processor
– Mac OS X Leopard can also be installed on a
computer with an Intel processor
– Mac OS X Snow Leopard (and later versions) can
only be installed on an Intel-based computer
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
55
Installing and Upgrading Mac OS X
• Mac OS Server was released as a separate
product with every desktop version of Mac OS X
through Snow Leopard
• Starting with Mac OS X Lion, Apple no longer
produces a separate server version
– Users can install an OS X Server add-on package
through the Mac App Store
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
56
Installing and Upgrading Mac OS X
Table 5-9 Mac OS X Server hardware requirements and recommendations
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
57
Installing and Upgrading Mac OS X
• Installations of recent versions of Mac OS X are
geared toward upgrades
– It is assumed you already have some version of Mac
OS X
• Upgrade your current version by downloading an
installer from the App Store and run the installer
app
– Upgrading to Mac OS X El Capitan using this
method is a safe bet for most Mac models from 2008
onward
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
58
Installing and Upgrading Mac OS X
• You can create a bootable DVD and perform a
clean installation of the OS
– Download the installer from the Mac App Store
– Open a terminal window
– Run the createinstall media command, located in the
installer program
– Boot from the DVD and start the installation
– Follow steps outlined on pages 241-242 to perform a
clean installation from a DVD
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
59
Regular Updates for OSs
• Every OS vendor provides bug fixes, security patches,
and interim upgrades between major releases of an OS
• Windows Updates
– Windows Update – a Web-based function that allows
you to download and install fixes, updates, and
enhancements
• Linux Updates
– Most Linux distributions come with an update
module for obtaining the latest updates
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
60
Regular Updates for OSs
• Mac Updates
– Mac OS X El Capitan provides updates through the
App Store
Figure 5-7 Checking for updates in Mac OS X
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
61
Summary
• There are two basic types of installations:
– A clean installation on a computer with no OS
installed or one that completely overwrites an
existing installation
– An upgrade installation on a computer that already
has an OS installed
• Before installing or upgrading to a new OS,
make sure that it is necessary
• Before you upgrade, make sure that you have a
working backup of the current OS and data
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
62
Summary
• Installation and upgrades to Windows, Linux,
and Mac OS X are overviewed in the chapter
text
• After installation, and at regular intervals
thereafter, it is a good idea to check for and
download operating system updates
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition
© Cengage Learning 2017
63