Download Zoology Study Guide Chapter 33 Comparing Chordates

Zoology Study Guide Chapter 33 Comparing Chordates
1. A phylogenic tree (like on page 850) shows that all chordates evolved from
________________________________________________.
2. Pikaia was an early ________________.
3. A flexible, supporting structure found only in chordates is the ________________.
4. The backbone is a characteristic of all ________________.
5. Convergent evolution is the process that produces closely related species that are similar in
________________ & ________________.
6. The resemblance of the flying squirrel of North America – a placental mammal… to the sugar
glider of Australia – a marsupial… (both animals are nocturnal, live in trees, and can glide through
the air using a flap of skin that stretches between the legs of each side of the body)… is an example
of ________________________________.
7. ________________ - Rapid growth in the DIVERSITY of a group of organisms.
8. The largest living group of chordates is the ________________.
9. Compared with the number of extinct chordate species, the number of living species is much
________________ (larger or smaller)?
10. Essential life functions are carried out most efficiently when an animal’s internal body temperature
is within ________________________________.
11. In vertebrates, what three things are important in regulating body temperature?
12. Name two characteristics that help mammals retain body heat.
13. Panting is a behavior seen most often in ________________ that need to ________________.
14. The main difference between ectotherms & endotherms is the source of their ________________.
15. List 6 examples of filter feeders.
16. The digestive tract of a herbivore is ________________ when compared to a carnivore. How long
would you expect the digestive tract of an omnivore to be in comparison to herbivores and
carnivores?
17. What is the function of the colonies of bacteria that live in the cow’s intestines?
18. The general rule regarding respiratory organs in chordates is that aquatic chordates
________________________________ and land vertebrates
________________________________________________.
19. List 4 chordate respiratory structures.
20. What is the main difference between an amphibian lung and a reptilian lung?
21. A ________________ loop circulatory system is characteristic of fishes.
22. Describe the chambers of a fishes heart.
23. The sets of bones that support the limbs of vertebrates are called ________________.
24. Almost all chordates reproduce ________________________________.
25. Reproduction in mammals involves ________________ fertilization and ________________
development.
26. In a cladogram of modern chordates, ________________ is the adaptation that separates reptiles,
birds, and mammals from other chordate groups.
27. The ability of birds & bats to fly is an example of ________________________________.
28. In environments where temperatures are high and fairly constant most of the time,
________________ is a more energy-efficient method of controlling body temperature.
29. A(n) ________________ is an animal whose body temperature is controlled mainly by the transfer
of heat between its body and its surroundings.
30. If an animal has a 4 chambered heart, it has a(n) ________________ - loop circulatory system.
31. Identify the four features common to all chordates.