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Muscles Head, Neck and Torso 1 Over 600 Muscles 2 Muscles • 2 separate groups: for every bone, there’s a muscle on the back of the bone and a muscle on the front – Frontal muscles: in general function is to flex, flexor muscles – Back: in general exstensors (of arm or leg) • Flex: joint angle decreasing • Extend: straightening 3 Muscles are Named By: • Direction of muscle fibers: – Rectus - straight – Transverse – horizontal – Oblique – diagonally • Location: – Pectoralis – chest – Frontalis – over the frontal bone • Shape: – Serratus – saw toothed – Deltoid – triangular • # of origins: – Biceps – Triceps • Action – Adductor – Flexor – extensor – Supinator – pronator • Origin and insertion – Sternocleidomastoid 4 Muscles of Facial Expressions * * * * * * * * * * 5 Muscles that Move the Head • Sternocleidomastoid – Depresses(flexes neck), rotates head • Scalenes – Anterior, middle and posterior – Help turn head side to side – Lifts the first 2 ribs to assist inspiration 6 Anterior Abdominal • Rectus Abdominis – “six pack” – Flexes spine/torso – Stabilizes body • External Oblique – Rotation of torso – Stabilize • Internal Oblique – Same as above 7 8 Anterior Abdominal • Diaphragm – Main muscle in inspiration – Separates abdomen from thorax 9 Intercostal Muscles • Internal Intercostals – Forced Expiration • External Intercostals – Aid in inspiration 10 Muscles that Move the Shoulder Girdle (anterior) • Pectoralis major – Prime mover in shoulder flexion, flexes, adducts arm medially • Pectoralis minor – Pulls scapula forward (anteriorly) and downward • Serratus Anterior – Rotates scapula upward & laterally 11 Muscles that Move the Shoulder Girlde (posterior) • Trapezius: – Extends head, shrugs shoulder – Adducts scapulae • Levator Scapulae – Elevates scapula • Rhomboid major and minor – Pulls scapula inward 12 Muscles that Move the Humerus • Latissimus dorsi – Arm extension and adduction • Pulls arm posteriorly • Teres Major and Teres Minor – Work synergistically with above (adduction) • Deltoid – Shoulder abduction 13 14