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Contents Foreword, by Martin E. Marty Editor's Preface Introduction by Harry J. McSorley xi xiii xv PART I PRE- AND NON-CHALCEDONIAN CHURCHES ^l^The Church before Chalcedon A Formative Period: From the Council of Nicaea (325) to the Council of Constantinople (381) The Church of the East and of the Assyrians ^^The Non-Chalcedonian Churches The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch in the United States and Canada The Syrian Orthodox Church of Malabar in the United States The Armenian Church The Armenian Diocese of North America Under the Catholicate of all Armenians at Holy Etchmiadzin Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America Coptic Orthodox Church, Diocese of North America Ethiopian Orthodox Church in the United States of America 3 3 4 13 13 16 16 20 20 21 23 PART II EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCHES ^3^ Eastern Orthodoxy The Division between the East and the West History Eastern Orthodoxy in Russia Worldwide Eastern Orthodoxy 31 32 34 36 38 v http://d-nb.info/1074199359 vi Contents Eastern Orthodox Theology The "Mysteries" Noneucharistic Worship, the Calendar, and Canon Law Eastern Orthodox Missions Eastern Orthodoxy and Other Christian Denominations Eastern Orthodoxy in North America ' 4. Eastern Orthodox Churches in the United States and Canada The Orthodox Church in America Patriarchal Parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church in the United States and Canada The Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America Hellenic Traditionalist Orthodox Diocese of Astoria, New York Holy Greek Orthodox Church of America The Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the United States of America The Ukrainian Greek-Orthodox Church in Canada The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of America (Ecumenical Patriarchate) La Santa lglesia Catolica Apostolica Ortodoxa de Puerto Rico The Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in the United States of America \Holy\ Ukrainian Autocephalic Orthodox Church in Exile The Byelorussian Autocephalic Orthodox Church Byelorussian Orthodox Parishes under the Jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarch The American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic Diocese The Holy Orthodox Church in America (Eastern Catholic and Apostolic) Eastern Orthodox Catholic Church in America Estonian Orthodox Church in Exile American Finnish Orthodox Mission The Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Church (Diocese of North and South America and Australia) The Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Church (Diocese of the United States of America and Canada) The Serbian Orthodox Community in America Serbian Orthodox Church in the United States of America and Canada Serbian Orthodox Diocese in the United States of America and Canada Macedonian Orthodox Churches, Diocese of America, Canada, and Australia 38 44 48 50 50 52 61 61 62 63 64 66 66 67 69 70 11 71 71 72 73 14 74 75 76 11 78 78 79 80 80 80 81 Contents vii The Romanian Orthodox Community The Romanian Orthodox Missionary Episcopate in America The Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America Western Hemisphere Romanian Orthodox Missionary Episcopate of Canada The Albanian Orthodox Archdiocese in America The Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America 82 82 82 5. Churches Deriving Their Orders from Eastern Orthodox and Other Eastern Sources The American Catholic Church (Syro-Antiochian) The African Orthodox Church The Church of Antioch, Malabar Rite The Archdiocese of New York of the American Catholic Church The Holy Orthodox Catholic Patriarchate of America The Orthodox-Catholic Church of America Christ Catholic Church of the Americas and Europe Byelorussian (White Ruthenian) Patriarchate of St. Andrew the Apostle, the First-Called The Diocese of Brooklyn and New Jersey of the Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of America (Newark, New Jersey) Universal Shrine of Divine Guidance of the Universal Faith (Apostolic Universal Center) American Orthodox Catholic Church The American Synod of the Holy Orthodox Church Ukrainian Autocephalic Church of North and South America 6. The Russian Old Believers Priestist Old Ritualists The Old Orthodox Church (Russian Old Believers, Pomortsi) Other Bezpopovtsy 83 83 84 90 92 92 94 95 96 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 108 110 111 113 PART in THE CHURCH IN THE WEST: THE FIRST FIFTEEN CENTURIES 7. Theological and Ecclesiastical Leadership Theologians Councils The Bishops of Rome 8. Dogma and Doctrine Creeds Specific Doctrines 119 119 129 137 148 148 153 VIII Contents 9. Worship and Church Life Liturgy and Worship Religious Life Missions Canon Law Advocates of Reform 165 165 167 170 171 173 PART IV THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH 10. From the Council of Trent to Vatican II The Council of Trent The Counter-Reformation The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries The Nineteenth Century Into the Twentieth Century Vatican Council II Developments since Vatican Council II 11. Movements within Roman Catholicism Roman Catholic Modernism The Biblical Movement The Liturgical Movement Changing Roman Catholic Attitudes toward the Ecumenical Movement The Lay Movement 12. Theology and Doctrine Roman Catholic Theology Today Theological Degrees of Certainty God and the Universe Creation Angels and Demons Predestination Revelation and Dogma Human Beings and Sin Christ and Mary 179 179 182 184 186 190 191 194 203 203 204 205 206 207 211 211 212 213 215 216 217 218 223 226 Contents 13. Nature and Function of the Church The Church Bishops, Cardinals, and Priests The Communion of Saints Religious Freedom •Religious Education and Catechetics The Religious The Priesthood of the Faithful The Impact of the Ecumenical Movement on the Roman Catholic Doctrine of the Church The Pope The Roman Catholic Church and Non-Christians The Roman Catholic Church and Secret Societies Roman Catholic Missions and Missionary Practice Roman Catholicism in the United States and Canada IX 239 239 241 244 247 248 248 250 251 254 256 258 259 263 PART V CHURCHES DERIVED FROM POST-TRIDENTINE ROMAN CATHOLICISM 14. The Old Catholic Communion in Europe Polish National Catholic Church of America 15. Other Churches Claiming Old Catholic Orders The North American Old Roman Catholic Church (Brooklyn, New York) The North American Old Roman Catholic Church (Chicago, Illinois) The Old Catholic Church in America North American Province of the Old Roman Catholic Church Evangelical Orthodox Church in America (Nonpapal Catholic Establishment, Diocese of the Western States) The Old Catholic Church in North America Old Roman Catholic Church in Europe and North America (English Rite) The Ontario Old Roman Catholic Church The Old Roman Catholic Church (Orthodox Orders) The Orthodox Old Roman Catholic Church, II Ultrajectine Ordinariate, Holy Catholic Church (Old Roman Catholic Church, Incorporated; The [Roman] Catholic Legation [of Utrecht]) 279 280 286 286 287 288 288 289 290 290 291 292 293 294 X Contents The Brotherhood of the Pleroma and Order of the Pleroma, Including the Hermetic Brotherhood of Light (Formerly the Brotherhood and Order of the Illuminati); Pre-Nicene Catholic (Gnostic) Church The Liberal Catholic Movement The Liberal Catholic Church, Province of the United States and Province of Canada International Liberal Catholic Church The Liberal Catholic Church (Miranda, California) 16. The Renovated Church of Jesus Christ Index 294 296 299 301 302 311 317