Download Using a Calculator to Evaluate Trigonometric Functions

Chapter 5
Trigonometric
Functions
5.2 Right Triangle
Trigonometry
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Objectives:
Use right triangles to evaluate trigonometric functions.






Find function values for 30   ,45   , and 60   .
6
4
3
Recognize and use fundamental identities.
Use equal cofunctions of complements.
Evaluate trigonometric functions with a calculator.
Use right triangle trigonometry to solve applied problems.
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The Six Trigonometric Functions
The six trigonometric functions are:
Function
Abbreviation
sine sin
cosine
cos
tangent
tan
cosecant
csc
secant
sec
cotangent cot
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Right Triangle Definitions of Trigonometric Functions
In general, the trigonometric functions
of  depend only on the size of angle 
and not on the size of the triangle.
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Right Triangle Definitions of Trigonometric Functions
(continued)
In general, the trigonometric functions
of  depend only on the size of angle
and not on the size of the triangle.
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Example: Evaluating Trigonometric Functions
Find the value of the six trigonometric functions in the
figure.
We begin by finding c.
a 2  b2  c 2
c 2  32  42  9  16  25
c  25  5
3
sin  
5
4
cos 
5
3
tan  
4
5
csc 
3
5
sec 
4
4
cot  
3
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Function Values for Some Special Angles

A right triangle with a 45°, or
radian, angle is
4
isosceles – that is, it has two sides of equal length.
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Function Values for Some Special Angles (continued)

A right triangle that has a 30°, or
6

has a 60°, or
radian, angle also
radian angle. In a 30-60-90 triangle, the
3
measure of the side opposite the 30° angle is one-half the
measure of the hypotenuse.
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Example: Evaluating Trigonometric Functions of 45°
Use the figure to find csc 45°, sec 45°, and cot 45°.
length of hypotenuse
2
csc45 

 2
length of side opposite 45
1
length of hypotenuse
2
sec45 

 2
length of side adjacent to 45
1
length of side adjacent to 45
cot 45 
length of side opposite 45
1
 1
1
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Example: Evaluating Trigonometric Functions of 30°
and 60°
Use the figure to find tan 60° and tan 30°. If a radical
appears in a denominator, rationalize the denominator.
3
length of side opposite 60

 3
tan 60 
length of side adjacent to 60 1
length of side opposite 30
tan 30 
length of side adjacent to 30
1
1


3
3
3
3

3 3
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Trigonometric Functions of Special Angles
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Fundamental Identities
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Example: Using Quotient and Reciprocal Identities
5
2
Given sin   and cos 
find the value of each of
3
3
the four remaining trigonometric functions.
2
2 3
2
2 5 2 5
sin 
3





tan  
5
5 5
5
5 3 5
cos
3
1 3
1
 
csc 
2 2
sin 
3
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Example: Using Quotient and Reciprocal Identities
(continued)
5
2
Given sin   and cos 
find the value of each of
3
3
the four remaining trigonometric functions.
1
3
1
3 5 3 5


sec 


cos
5
5
5
5 5
3
1
5
1
5


cot  

tan  2 5 2 5 2 5
5
5 5 5
5


2
5 25
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The Pythagorean Identities
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Example: Using a Pythagorean Identity
1
Given that sin   and  is an acute angle, find the
2
value of cos using a trigonometric identity.
1
2
2
2
cos   1 
sin   cos   1
4
2
 1   cos 2   1
3
2
cos  
 
2
4
3
3
1
2
cos 

 cos   1
4 2
4
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Trigonometric Functions and Complements
Two positive angles are complements if their sum is 90°

or . Any pair of trigonometric functions f and g for
2
which f ( )  g (90   ) and g ( )  f (90   ) are
called cofunctions.
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Cofunction Identities
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Using Cofunction Identities
Find a cofunction with the same value as the given
expression:
a. sin 46  cos(90  46)  cos 44
 
6  
5


   tan
b. cot  tan     tan 
12
 2 12 
 12 12 
12

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Using a Calculator to Evaluate Trigonometric Functions
To evaluate trigonometric functions, we will use the
keys on a calculator that are marked SIN, COS, and
TAN. Be sure to set the mode to degrees or radians,
depending on the function that you are evaluating. You
may consult the manual for your calculator for specific
directions for evaluating trigonometric functions.
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Example: Evaluating Trigonometric Functions with a
Calculator
Use a calculator to find the value to four decimal places:
a. sin 72.8° (hint: Be sure to set the calculator to
degree mode)
sin 72.8  0.9553
b. csc 1.5 (hint: Be sure to set the calculator to radian
mode)
csc1.5  1.0025
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Applications: Angle of Elevation and Angle of Depression
An angle formed by a horizontal line and the line of sight
to an object that is above the horizontal line is called the
angle of elevation. The angle formed by the horizontal
line and the line of sight to an object that is below the
horizontal line is called the angle of depression.
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Example: Problem Solving Using an Angle of Elevation
The irregular blue shape in the figure represents a lake.
The distance across the lake, a, is unknown. To find this
distance, a surveyor took the measurements shown in the
figure. What is the distance across the lake?
a
tan 24 
a  750 tan 24
750
a  333.9
The distance across the lake
is approximately 333.9 yards.
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