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WELLNESS
“To have a sound body, one
must have a sound mind”
Plato
1) Good health is Physical, Mental, and Social
well-being, and not just the absence of
disease.
2)Draw a wellness triangle.
M
P
S
3) Wellness is positive state of health, an
overall state of well-being, the total person.
1) Promote health
2) Prevent disease
3) Responsible for yourself
4) Mentally healthy people
satisfying relationships
feel good about themselves
behave in healthful ways
good goal
5) Holistic health: Dealing with the total person.
Define negative and positive behavior and list 2
behaviors of each.
6) Negative behavior is: A stimulus that has a
negative result. A behavior that decreases your
health level.
Physical
Mental
1) Drugs
1. Stress
2) Not eating right 2. Addictions
Social
1. Harassment/bully
2. attitude
7) Positive behavior is: A stimulus that has a
positive outcome on your health
Physical
1. Eating well
2. Exercising
Mental
1. low stress
2. attitudes
Social
1. Try new things
2. Join club or team
8) The three levels of health that concern us:
1) Personal: Things we do for ourselves
2) Community: Programs, protections, rules
that the community sets for us
3) World-wide: Same as #2 but on a larger scale
9) Wellness Continuum: A sliding scale of that state
of one’s health. It goes between poor and good.
10) The US focuses on treatment not prevention.
11) Health survey- 1-12 in each section. Give yourself 1 pt.
for each answer you feel is true. Score in area
separately. Put score on wellness triangle.
Physical
Mental
Social
Height
(feet-inches)
4’10”
4’11”
5’0”
5’1”
5’2”
5’3”
5’4”
5’5”
5’6”
5’7”
5’8”
Suggested Body Weight
Men
Women
(Pounds)
107-135
109-138
112-141
115-144
118-148
121-152
124-156
128-161
132-166
(Pounds)
92-119
94-122
96-125
99-128
102-131
105-134
108-138
111-142
114-146
118-150
122-154
Height
(feet-inches)
5’9”
5’10”
5’11”
6’0”
6’1”
6’2”
6’3”
6’4”
6’5”
Suggested Body Weight
Men
Women
(Pounds)
136-170
140-174
144-179
148-184
152-189
156-194
160-199
164-204
168-208
(Pounds)
126-158
130-163
134-168
138-173
What is Your Level of Wellness?
Physical Health
I seldom feel tired or run down
I sleep at least 8 hours per night
I regularly use dental floss and a soft toothbrush.
I do not use tobacco
I keep within 5 pounds of my ideal weight
I use the stairs instead of the elevator
I do at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise at least 5 times a week
I eat breakfast everyday
I do not use alcohol or other drugs
I relax at least 10 minutes each day
I limit my intake of sugar and salt
I eat a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods
Mental Health
I ask for help when I need it
I am happy most of the time
Sometimes I like to be alone
I can name 3 things I do well
I feel okay about crying and allow myself to do so
I give others sincere compliments
I can accept compliments
I listen to and think about constructive criticism
I am able to say “no” to people without feeling guilty
I can be satisfied with my effort if I have done my best
I express my thoughts and feelings
I have at least one hobby or interest I pursue and enjoy
Social Health
I meet people easily
I am comfortable entering into conversations with new acquaintances
I continue to participate in an activity even though I don’t always get my way
I have at least one or two close friends
When working in a group, I can accept other people’s ideas and suggestions
I can say “no” to my friends if they are doing something I do not want to do
I can accept differences in my friends and classmates
I usually have success making friends with females my age
I usually have success making friends with males my age
I am comfortable carrying on a conversation with an adult
If I have a problem with someone, I try to work it out
I avoid gossiping about people
12) Three factors that affect the quality of your health:
1) Lifestyle: 53% Do you have control? YES
2) Environment: 31% Do you have control? YES
3) Heredity: 16% Do you have control? NO
13) Draw a picture of this example
• Factor Effecting the Quality of Our Health
Beyond
my
control
Me &
family
community
nations
Things I
do for
myself
14) Seven habits linked to good health
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Six small meals a day
Breakfast everyday
Moderate exercise- 5 times per week for 30 minutes
Adequate sleep 7-8 hours adults/ 9-10 hours for teens
No tobacco
Moderate weight
No alcohol or only moderate
15) What is a risk: When you do an action that may
not be certain.
Six CDC Youth Risk Behaviors are:
1) Tobacco
2) alcohol & drugs use
3) Lack of exercise
4) Poor eating habits
5) Injuries & violence 6) irresponsible sexual behaviors
Michigan
2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)
Results
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Unintentional Injuries and Violence
6% Rarely or never wore a seat belt
25% Rode with a drinking driver during the past month
16% Carried a weapon during the past month
30% Were in a physical fight during the past year
9% Attempted suicide during the past year
Alcohol and Other Drug Use
38% Drank alcohol during the past month
22% Reported episodic heavy drinking during the past month
19% Used marijuana during the past month
7% Used cocaine
12% Used inhalants
Sexual Behaviors
42% Ever had sexual intercourse
12% Had sexual intercourse with more than 4 people
29% Had sexual intercourse during the past three months
38% Did not use a condom during last sexual intercourse
82% Did not use birth control pills during last sexual
intercourse
Tobacco Use
52% Tried cigarette smoking
17% Smoked cigarettes during the past month
8% Smoked cigarettes more than 20 days during the
past month
7% Used smokeless tobacco during the past month
13% Smoked cigars during the past month
Dietary Behaviors
83% Drank less then 3 glasses/day of milk during the
past 7 days
83% Ate fruits and vegetables less then 5 times/day
during the past 7 days
Physical Activity
11% Did not participate in any vigorous or moderate
physical activity
62% Did not attend physical education class
70% Did not attend physical education class daily
Overweight
14% At risk for becoming overweight
12% Overweight
Contribute to these leading causes of death
32%
31%
11%
15%
11%
Contribute to these leading causes of death
33 %
41%
16) Vocabulary:
1)Lifestyle: Your personal choices you
make in daily routine- your habits
2)Chronic disease: A long term illness that
is incurable-no cure
3)Contagious Disease: Communicable
disease spread by contact
4)Communicable disease: Able to be
passed from one person to another
5)Life expectancy: An expected # of years
a group of people are expected to live
6)Mortality: The death rate
7) Behavior Modification: Changing negative
behaviors
8) Morbidity: The relative incidence of disease
in a given district
9) Quality of life: The level of health and
satisfaction that a person has in being alive
10) Prevention: The act of practicing healthy
habits to keep oneself well and free from
disease and other ailments
11) Culture: The way of life including:
customary beliefs, social forms, material traits
of a race, religion or social group- way of life
17)Causes of death:
General population 1900
1. Pneumonia
2. Tuberculosis
3. Heart Disease
Teenagers 1900
1. Accidents
2. Suicide
3. Homicide
Life expectancy 1900
47
Life expectancy 2000:
General population 2007
1. Heart Disease
2. Cancer
3. Stroke
Teenagers 2007
1. Accidents
2. Suicide
3. Homicide
Life expectancy 1990
Males 72 Females 76
Males 74 Females 79
Centenarians
A person who lives to be 100 years old is called centenarians
1980
1985
1994
*2000
2045
14,200
25,400
49,894
15,000-108,000
1,000,000
baby boomers
Jeanne Calment
1875-1997 lived to be 122 years old
She was a bit deaf, doesn’t move around much, but she is still alert
and self confident. She was reckless enough to start smoking at 101
and smart enough to stop at 110
Causes of death for age 10-14
US in 2007
1. Accidents: 2130 deaths (included 1256 traffic
fatalities)
2. Cancer 501
3. Homicide: 266
4. Suicide: 250
5. Heart Disease:184
6. Asthma and other lung diseases: 88
7. Infections: 78
8. Stroke:42
9. Pneumonia and flu: 41
10. Diabetes: 21 and Anemia 21
Causes of death for age 15-19 US 2007
1. Accidents: 8528 deaths (includes 6, 805 traffic
fatalities
2. suicide: 1902
3. Homicide:1838
4. Cancer: 810
5. Heart disease: 412
6. Infection:138
7. Asthma and other Lung disease:109
8. Pneumonia and flu: 104
9. Stroke: 74
10. Anemia 43
400,000
HIDDEN KILLERS:
1. Tobacco
2. Diet/lack of activity
3. Alcohol
4. Microbial Infections
WORLD-WIDE:
1. Cardiovascular
2. Infections- diarrhea
3. Cancer
4. Pneumonia
5. Tuberculosis
6. Obstructive lung disease
7. Hepatitis
8. Malaria
9. Prenatal Care
The steps for decision making:
Problem Identification
Options- alternatives
What’s best- healthful, legal,
respect to self, parents rules
Enacting best solution-
write
plan- goals “action” sub goals
Revise/review
a
13 systems
4 test questions for each system
Total of 52 points
Calculating you Life Expectancy
There is no on sure way to determine your life expectancy, but calculations
allow you to look at statistical number of years. This brief inventory
will tell you whether your health habits are increasing or decreasing
your chance for a long life.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
I am a male (-3)
I am a female (+4)]
I live in a town with fewer then 15,000 people (+2)
I live in an urban area with at least 2 million people (-2)
I have a grandparent (or great-grandparent) who has lived to
age 80 (+6)
All of grandparents (or great-grandparent) lived to age 85 (+6)
A parent has had a stroke or heart attack (-4)
A parent, brother, or sister has had diabetes since childhood,
cancer, or heart problems (-3)
I have a paying job that takes over 20 hours a week (-2)
I live with m family (+5)
I sit at a desk most of the day (-2)
I exercise vigorously for 20 minutes 5 times a week (+2)
I exercise vigorously for 30 minutes 5 times a week (+4)
I sleep more than 10 hours each night (-4)
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
I tend to be easygoing and relaxed (+2)
I tend to be intense, aggressive, and “hot-headed” (-3)
I am usually happy (+1)
I am usually unhappy (-2)
I do not wear a safety belt in the car (-1)
I smoke cigarettes: 1/2 to one pack a day (-3); one to two packs a day
(-6); more than two packs a day (-8)
I am overweight by 10-30 pounds (-2)’ 30-50 pounds (-4); 50 or more
pounds (-8)
I have a physical check-up at least every two years (+2)
Add up your score.
This number is your statistical life expectancy.
For people 11-19 years old, the average score for males is 70.3 and the
average score for females is 77.5. If you are not pleased with your
statistical life expectancy, review your paper. If you see a health
behavior you could improve, circle its number.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
I. Main Function:
A. Works with the nervous system to control and
regulate body functions
II. Main Body Parts and Specific Functions:
A. Endocrine Glands (ductless glands that secrete
hormones into the blood)
1. pituitary (base of the brain)
a. regulates other endocrine glands- 8 hormones
b. stimulates the production of hormones that
regulate growth, metabolism and growth and
development of gonads and ovaries
c. Secretion of hormones that help the kidneys
retain the proper water content in the blood
2. Thyroid (in the neck at the junction of the trachea and
larynx, butterfly shape)
a. largest gland of the endocrine system
b. produces thyroxin which regulates the
metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in
the body cells
3. Parathyroid
a. produces parahormone which regulates the
body’s calcium and phosphorus balance for
normal functioning of muscle and nerve tissue
4. Adrenal Gland (located on the kidneys)
a. secretes Aldosterone which conserves the
body’s sodium and water balance
b. produces a group of hormones that affect
metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins
c. other hormones secreted help a person cope
with stress
d. adrenaline secretion increases heart action,
raises blood pressure, increases reparation and
suppresses the digestive system
5. Pancreas
a. serves both the digestive and endocrine systems
b. produces digestive enzymes
c. islets of Langerhans- affect metabolism of
glucose (insulin and glucagons)
6. Ovaries and Testes
a. belong to both the reproductive and endocrine
systems
b. produce hormones that are responsible for
development and maintenance of secondary sex
characteristics
(1) female – progesterone and estrogen
(2) male - testosterone
III. Interesting Facts and/or Feature:
A. If the pituitary gland does not produce the right
amount of growth hormone, the imbalance in a
person of short stature (dwarfism) or one of tall
stature (gigantism)
IV. Diagram
V. Disease and/or Disorders:
A. Goiter- enlarged thyroid gland
B. Tetany- low blood calcium resulting inpainful
muscle spasms
C. Addison’s disease- loss of excessive amounts
of body slat through the kidneys
D. Diabetes- decreased or no production of insulin.
Glucose accumulates in the blood and tissue and
is passed out of the body through the urine.
THE EAR
I. Main Function:
A. The organ that enables us to hear
B. Aids in balance and equilibrium
II. Main Body Parts and Specific Functions:
A. Outer Ear (Auricle)
1. collects sound waves and directs them into
the ear
2. external auditory canal- passageway lined
with hair and wax glands for protection
B. Middle Ear
1. connects eardrum with inner ear
and throat
C. Inner Ear
1. contains hearing receptors and
auditory nerve for hearing
III. Interesting facts &/or Features
A. about 2 million Americans are
totally deaf
IV. Diagram
V. Diseases/Disorders
A. Deafness- inability to hear
1. sensory or nerve deafness is when
the hearing loss is associated with the
inner ear
B. Tinnitis- ringing in the ears
C. Otitis Media- middle ear infection
Urinary (Excretory) System
Main function
I.
I.
Filters wastes from the circulatory system
and eliminates the wastes from the body in
the form of urine
II. Main Body Parts and specific Functions
I.
Kidneys (2)
I.
Filters harmful substances from blood
I.
Nephrons- functional units of the kidney
II. Ureters (2)
I.
Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the
bladder
I.
Bladder
I.
II.
I.
Muscular organ that stores urine
Urethra
The tube leading from the bladder to the outside
of the body
IV. Diagram
V. Diseases and/or Disorders
I.
Incontinence- inability of the body to
control the bladder and the elimination
of waste
I.
Cystitis- bacterial infection of the
bladder
II. Nephritis- nephrons of the kidneys
become infected or inflamed
III. Kidney Stones- stone-like crystals
that form stones and become lodged
within the kidney or ureter
Lymphatic System
Main Functions
I.
I.
Helps your body maintain fluid balance
by carrying excess fluid away from tissues
II. Helps the body defend itself against
pathogens
II. Main Body Parts and Functions
I.
Lymphatic vessels
I.
Form a network that carries lymph to two
lymph ducts– one in the neck and the other
in the chest
II. Lymph nodes
•
•
Masses of tissue that filter the lymph fluid
Found in the neck, groin, and armpits
III. Lymphocytes
•
•
Type of white blood cells that helps to destroy
pathogens
Produce antibodies for immunity
IV. Spleen
I.
Plays an important role in keeping the blood
free of foreign substances
IV. Tonsils and Adenoids
•
Trap and filter out pathogens that enter the
body through the mouth and nose
V. Thymus Gland
I.
Produces lymphocytes in infants and
children and is important in the development
of the body’s defense system
III. Interesting Facts and /or Features
I. Staying up to date with your routine
immunizations help keep your lymph
system healthy
IV. Diagram
V. Diseases/Disorders
I. Tonsillitis- infection of the tonsils due to
lymphatic system fighting infection in
any or all areas of the body
II. Hodgkin’s Disease- cancer of the lymph
tissue
III. Immune Deficiency- HIV/AIDS
Teeth
I.
Main function
I.
II.
II.
Allows you to chew your food
Provides shape and structure to mouth
Main Parts and Specific Functions
I.
Periodontium
I.
II.
II.
Area immediately around the teeth
Gums, periodontal ligament, and jawbone
Teeth
I. Root- inside the gum
II. Crown- visible part of teeth
III. Pulp- sensitive, living tissue inside the tooth
III.
Interesting Facts and Features
I. Enamel is the hardest material in the human
body
IV. Diagram
V. Diseases/Disorders
I. Periodontal Disease- plaque and tartar destroy
tooth enamel and irritate gums
II. Halitosis- bad breath caused by tooth decay
and/or mouth infection
III. Malocclusion- condition in which the teeth do
not align properly
IV. Gingivitis- Inflammation of the gums as a
result of plaque build-up, maligned teeth or
deposits of decaying food
Integumentary System
Main Function
I.
Protection of internal organs- 1st line of defense
against invading pathogens
II. Temperature regulation
III. Sensory reception
IV. Absorption
I.
II.
Main Parts and Specific Functions
I.
Skin
I.
II.
Epidermis- forms barrier between the organs within
your body and your environment
Dermis- contains blood vessels, muscle fibers, nerves,
and glands
I.
Glands
I. Sebaceous glands- connected to hair follicles and
produces oily substance to moisturize skin and hair
II. Sweat gland- secrete perspiration through ducts to pores
on skin surface. Most numerous on soles of feet and
palms of hands.
III.
Hypodermis
I.
Attaches your skin to bone and muscle
II. This layer made up of fatty tissue and serves as the body’s insulation
III. Acts as a cushion to protect internal organs
II.
Hair
I.
Insulates
I.
II.
100,000 to 200,000 hairs on an average human head
Protects by filtering foreign bodies from the air
I.
II.
III.
Eyebrows (eyes)
Nose hair (nasal passages)
Root grows out of a follicle in the dermis
IV. Interesting Facts and/or Feature
I.
II.
You lose between 25 and 100 hairs each day
The skin it the largest organ of the body
V. Diagram
VI. Diseases and/or Disorders
I.
II.
Acne- clogging of the pores of the skin (pimples)
Ringworm- fungus infection of the skin (athlete’s
foot)
III. Warts- viral skin infections
IV. Melanomas- skin cancer
Muscular System
I.
Main Function
I.
II.
II.
Helps to provide movement of your body
Controls necessary movement of the internal organs
Body parts and their specific function
I.
Muscles
I.
II.
III.
III.
Skeletal Muscles- voluntary muscles attached to the bones by tendons
Smooth Muscles- works automatically to control movement inside the body
Cardiac Muscle- involuntary muscle found in the heart
Interesting facts or features
I.
II.
Muscles use energy when they contract
Even when muscles are not moving, some of their fibers are contracting
(muscle tone)
I.
IV.
V.
Muscle tone enables you to maintain posture
Diagram
Disease
I.
II.
III.
Tendonitis- irritation of a tendon caused by strain or overuse
Strain, Pull, or Tear- muscles are overworked or stretched too far, too
quickly
Shin splints- tendons of muscles in the lower leg pull away from bone;
prevention- proper war up
Respiratory System
I.
Main Function
I.
II.
Gets oxygen into the bloodstream and removes carbon dioxide
Main Body Parts and Specific Functions
I.
Nose and Mouth
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Pharynx- throat
Larynx- voice box
Epiglottis- blocks off the opening of the trachea when you swallow,
preventing food from entering the trachea
Lungs- trachea divides to form 2 bronchi
Diaphragm
V.
VI.
I.
II.
III.
Warm and clean incoming air through the use of mucus membranes and
hair-like structures called cilia (traps dust and bacteria)
Dome-shaped muscle that lies just below the lungs
Main muscles involved in the breathing process
Interesting Fact and Features
I.
II.
III.
2 lungs vary in size and shape. Right lung is usually larger
Breathing begins with the contracting of the diaphragm
The Medulla (part of brain) regulates your breathing
IV.
V.
Diagram
Diseases/Disorders
I.
II.
Cold/Influenza- respiratory infections
Pneumonia
I.
II.
III.
Infection in which fluids accumulate in the lungs
Decreases lung ability to take in oxygen and eliminate Carbon
dioxide
Bronchitis
I.
II.
IV.
Inflammation of mucus membranes lining the bronchi
Caused by bacteria &/or smoking, air pollution (smoker’s cough is
a form of this)
Emphysema
I.
II.
III.
Alveoli lose their ability to expand and contract
No cure
Smoking and pollutants are causes
THE EYE
I.
Main Function
I.
II.
II.
Vision
Distinguish colors
Major Parts and Specific Functions
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
Lacrimal glands- produce tears to fight pathogens, moisten eyeballs, and
remove foreign particles from the eye
Eyebrows, Eyelids, Eyelashes- protect the eye from foreign particles,
perspiration, and direct rays of light
Conjunctiva- protective mucus membrane attached to the eyelid and
the eyeball
Sclera- white membrane that helps the eye keep its shape
Retina- contains nerve cells and controls the process responsible for
actual vision
Pupil- controls the amount of light entering the eye
Cornea- transparent front of the sclera, through which light enter the eye
Lens- focuses light and images on the optic nerve
III.
Interesting Facts/Features
I.
IV.
V.
The eye is closed 30 minutes per day due to blinking
Diagram
Diseases/Disorders
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Myopia- nearsightedness (can see things close, but not
far)
Hyperopia- farsightedness (can see thing far, not close)
Cataract- clouding of the lens of the eye
Strabismus- cross-eyes
Glaucoma- increased fluid pressure in the eyeball
NERVOUS SYSTEM
I.
Main Function
I.
Controls actions and thoughts in 3 steps
I.
II.
III.
II.
Receives information about your environment and other parts of
your body
Interprets information
Causes the body to respond to the information
Main body parts and their functions
I.
Brain
I.
II.
III.
IV.
10 billion neurons that control everything you do
Cerebrum- controls muscle movement, reasoning, and memory.
Interprets messages from the other senses.
Cerebellum- coordinates muscle reflex and voluntary movement
Brain stem
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Medulla- controls breathing, heart rate, and swallowing
Pons- regulates breathing and helps control eye movement
Midbrain- controls eye movement and pupil size
Thalamus- relay station for the senses. Process information from the
sense organs and provides some control over muscle activity
Hypothalamus- bundle of nerve fibers that regulates the body’s
temperature, use of water, blood pressure, and the release of regulatory
chemicals
II. Spinal Cord
I.
II.
A rod of brain tissue
31 pairs of thread-like nerves branch off the spinal cord. These
nerves connect the central nervous system with every part of the
body.
III.Interesting fact or feature
I.
Messages travel along the central nervous system at a rate of 300
ft./sec
IV. Diagram
V. Diseases
I.
Concussion- severe bump on the head that causes soft brain tissue to
come in contact with the skull
II. Headache- blood vessels around the brain dilate and/or swell
III. Cerebral Palsy- lack of full control of physical movement
IV. Epilepsy- disturbed electrical impulses in the brain
V.
Meningitis- inflammation of the covering of the brain and spinal cord,
caused by virus or bacterial infection
Digestive System
I.
Main Function
I.
II.
Processes nutrients in food and breaks them down into forms the
body can absorb and use
Main Parts and Specific Functions
I.
Mouth
I.
II.
Saliva contains enzymes that further break down food, after it has been
chewed by the teeth
Esophagus
I.
II.
III.
Muscular tube (12 in) that connects the mouth and stomach
Wave-like muscular action (peristalsis) pushes food through esophagus
and the rest of the digestive system
Stomach
I.
II.
Muscular, sac like organ in which food is stored, churned, mixed, and
broken up
Produces gastric juices (hydrochloric acid & enzymes) which kills
bacteria present in food and begins the chemical digestion of proteins
I.
Small Intestine
I.
II.
III.
II.
Liver
I.
II.
III.
Large organ that removes harmful materials from the body
Produces a digestive juice called bile which aids in the digestion of fats
Gallbladder
I.
IV.
Attached to the gallbladder, it is a storage place for bile
Pancreas
I.
V.
Long tube-like organ in which chemical digestion and the absorption of
nutrients are completed
Many enzymes beak down complex nutrients into simple sugars, amino
acids, and simple forms of fats
Villi- provides a large surface area fro the absorption of food. Once in
the bloodstream, nutrients are carried to all the cells of the body
Organ that produces hormones and digestive enzymes that break down
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Large Intestine
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Tube-like organ that absorbs water and gets rid of waste
Sometimes part of this is called the colon
Rectum- last few inches of the large intestine
Anus- the opening of the rectum
III.
Interesting Facts/Features
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
The stomach is one of the strongest organs in the body
60,000-100,000 lbs. of food are digested during a person’s lifetime
Food must mix with saliva in order to have taste
Diagram
Diseases
I.
Indigestion
I.
Inability to break down certain foods properly
I.
II.
Symptoms- abdominal cramps, chest pains, gas, nausea
Lactose Intolerance (form of indigestion)
I.
II.
Inability to digest milk products because digestive system doesn’t produce
lactose
Diarrhea & Constipation
I.
II.
III.
III.
Food moves too quickly or too slowly through the intestines
Can cause dehydration
Drink plenty of water, consume fiber, do regular exercise
Ulcers
I.
II.
III.
Open sore in the stomach or intestine
Caused by increased stomach acid production from stress, smoking,
caffeine, alcohol, high-fat diets
Treated by ant-acids or surgery
Circulatory System
I.
Main Function
I.
Provides a pathway through which blood can carry
materials throughout that body
•
•
I.
II.
Nutrients
Wastes products
Blood within the system, also helps regulate body temp. and water
balance
Main body Parts and Specific Functions
I.
Heart
I.
II.
Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
Blood Vessels
I.
Network of arteries and veins that enable blood to reach the heart, lungs,
and all tissues and organs of the body
I.
II.
III.
III.
Veins- carry blood to heart
Arteries- carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries- smallest blood vessels
Blood
I.
II.
Complex tissue that circulates throughout the body
Nourishes, protects, and discharges waste materials from the tissue
I.
II.
Plasma- liquid part of the blood
Blood cells
I.
Red Blood Cells- carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts to body
II.
White Blood Cells-protects body against disease
III.
Platelets- pieces of cells that start the process of clotting
IV.
Interesting Facts/Features
I.
II.
V.
VI.
The human body needs all of the components of the CV system to
sustain life
The heart pumps 5 quarts of blood through almost 100,000 miles of
blood vessels every minute
Diagram
Diseases
I.
Coronary heart disease- caused by a build up of cholesterol in the
arteries
II.
Hypertension- (high BP) serious disorder the can lead to
atherosclerosis (build up of cholesterol and other fatty materials on
artery walls, thus restricting the flow of blood), kidney damage, and
stroke
Tracing the flow through the heart, lungs, and to the body
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the inferior vena cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery (right and left)
Exchange of gasses (oxygen and Carbon dioxide) in the lungs
Oxygenated blood enters the right and left pulmonary veins
Left atrium of the heart
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve, Aorta , body
Skeletal System
I.
Main Function
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
II.
Allows movement in conjunction with the muscular system
Provides supporting framework for the body
Protects delicate organs
Provides storage place for essential body minerals such as calcium
and phosphorus
Produces red and white blood cells in the red marrow of the bone
Main Body Parts and Functions
I.
206 bones
I.
II.
III.
Smallest- stapes in the middle ear
Longest- femur (thigh bone)
Bones are grouped according to their 4 shapes
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Long bones- found in the arms and legs
Short bones- found in the wrists and ankles, they are as broad as they are long
Flat bones- ribs and skull bones, have a thin, flat shape and serve to protect
vital organs
Irregular bones- all other odd shape bones; i.e. vertebrae
I.
Joints
I.
II.
The point at which 2 bones meet
Allow movement of the body framework
I.
II.
III.
IV.
II.
Ball and socket- allow range of movement; i.e. shoulder
Hinge joints- allow back and forth movement in one plane- like the knee joint
Pivot joints- one bone rotates around the other such as the head turning on
your spine
Gliding joints- bones are able to slide over one another, such as the hand and
foot
Ligaments
I.
II.
III.
Strong bands that connect the bones to one another at a moveable joint
Hold bones in place
Tendons
I.
IV.
Bands of fiber that connect muscles to bones
Cartilage
I.
II.
Strong, flexible material that provides a smooth surface that makes the
movement at a joint smooth
Supports nose and ears, connects ribs to the sternum, and acts as a
cushion between adjoining bones
III.
Interesting Facts and Features
I.
IV.
V.
You are born with 350 bones which join together as you grow,
resulting in 206 adult bones
Diagram
Diseases and/or Disorders
I.
Fractures- break in bone
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
II.
III.
IV.
Closed- bones does not puncture skin
Open- bone protrudes through the skin
Complete- the bone is broken in 2 places
Incomplete- fracture is not completely across the bone
Hairline- the fracture is incomplete, and the 2 parts of the bone don’t
separate
Scoliosis- lateral or side-to-side curve of the spine
Osteoporosis- condition that results from the loss of calcium in the
bones
Sprains- most common injury to the joints; ligaments, tendons, and
blood vessels around the joint are stretched and/or torn
System
1. Name the two materials that the blood can carry
throughout the body.
1. Nutrients
2. Waste Products
2. The Arteries carry blood away from the heart
and the Veins carry it to the heart.
3. The heart pumps 5 quarts of blood through
almost 100, 000 miles of blood vessels every
minute.
4. Saliva contains enzymes that break down food.
5. The colon is part of the large intestine
6. In order for food to have taste, the must mix with
saliva.
7. Name 5 things that ulcers are caused by: stress,
smoking, caffeine, alcohol, high fat diet.
8. The 3 main parts of the skin are: epidermis,
dermis, hypodermis.
9. What is the largest organ of the body?
Skin
10. The system that helps the body defend itself
against pathogens is Lymphatic.
11. Where are the lymph nodes found? Neck,
groin, armpit
12. Adrenal glands are located where? Kidney
13. Endocrine glands function is? Secrete
hormones
14. The hardest material in the body is enamel.
15. What part of the ear helps in balance? Inner
ear
16. How often do the kidneys filter the blood?
1hour
17. What are the tubes that carry urine from the
kidneys to the bladder? Ureters
18. What system contains ductless glands?
Endocrine
19. Name the three types of muscle tissue cardiac,
involuntary/smooth, striated/skeletal.
20. Where does the air get warmed and cleaned?
Systems Notes
Endocrine
• How does the system work/major function?
• works with the nervous system to regulate body functions and
helps remove excess waste products
Urinary
• How does the system work/major function?
• helps remove excess waste products
Lymphatic
• How does the system work/major function?
• maintains fluid balance by carrying excess fluid away from
tissues.
Intergumentary
• How does the system work/major function?
• gives protection from invading pathogens, regulation of
temperature, sensory reception and skin.
Muscular
• How does the system work/major function?
• helps to provide movement of your body.
System cont.
Respiratory
• How does the system work/major function?
•
brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.
Nervous
• How does the system work/major function?
•
spinal cord, nerves, brain are part of this system
Ear• How does the system work/major function?
•
aids in balance and equilibrium
Digestive
• How does the system work/major function?
•
breaks food down into nutrients the body can absorb and use.
Skeletal
• How does the system work/major function?
•
provides body’s supporting framework and protects internal
organs
Teeth
• How does the system work/major function?
• contains the hardest material in the human body
Wellness Review Questions
1. What is holistic health?
Dealing with the total person
2. List the three levels of health and give an example.
Personal-things we do
Community-programs
World Wide-red cross
3. What is the wellness continuum?
A sliding scale of the state of ones health goes
between good and bad
4. What is a positive behavior?
A stimulus that has positive outcomes on your
health
5. The focus of the U.S. is treatment
6. List 3 factors that affect the quality of life. Give an
example.
Lifestyle-habits
Environment-where you live
Heredity-color of eyes
7. What are 3 things that make wellness a positive state of
health?
Promote health, Prevent disease, Responsible for
yourself
8. List 7 habits linked to good health.
3 meal no snacking or 6 meals, breakfast, exercise 5x
30 min., sleep 7-8 hrs, no smoking, moderate weight, no
alcohol
9. What is the number 1 cause of death in teenagers
today?
Accidents
10. What is a risk?
When you take a chance and the result could be either
good or bad
11. Define lifestyle.
Your habits or choices you make and their effects on
health
12. Define behavior modification.
Changing negative behaviors
13. Top 3 causes of death in the general population for
1900.
Pneumonia, T.B., Heart Disease
14. Life expectancy for 1900, 2000 males, 2000 females.
1900-47, 2000 males-74, 2000 females-79
15. Top 4 hidden killers are:
Tobacco, diet/lack of activity, alcohol, infection
16. What are the five steps for decision making?
P.O.W.E.R
17. Wellness is what kind of state of health?
Positive
18. Define culture.
Way of life, customs
19. Define Quality of Life.
Level of health and satisfaction that a person
has in being alive
20. Define Prevention.
Act of practicing healthy habits to keep ones self
well and free from disease and other elements.