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Trigésima Quinta Reunión Ordinaria de la Asamblea General de ALIDE Río de Janeiro, Brasil, 14 y 15 de junio de 2005 Pietro Masci Banco Interamericano de Desarollo 14-15 de junio 2005 Durante la ultima década la inversión en infraestructura publica se redujo significativamente ……Y no se compenso con aumento de la inversión privada 5% TOTAL Public Private 4% share of GDP 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0% 1980 1982 1984 Source: Calderon and Serven (2004) 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Porcentaje de personas que no están de acuerdo con que la privatización de infraestructuras ha sido beneficiosa para su país Argent ina Panama Bolivia El Salvador Peru Uruguay Paraguay Ecuador 2003 Nicaragua 1998 L.A. Guat emala Mexico Venezuela Colombia Chile Brazil Honduras 0 20 40 60 80 100 La renta per capita de LAC se esta separando de la de EEUU y la de los países de Asia se esta acercando 35% Brazil 30% 25% Ecuador 16% Guatemala 14% Honduras 12% Nicaragua 20% 18% Indonesia Philippines South East Asia 10% Selected SEA countries El Salv ador 8% 15% Latin America & Caribbean 10% 6% 4% 5% 2% 0% 0% 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Latin American and Caribbean countries included i calculation of Real GDP per capita of the region: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Barbados, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela. 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 South East Asian countries included in calculation of Real GDP per capita of the region: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam. Selected South East Asian countries included in calculation of Real GDP per capita of the region: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. Sources: -For individual countries:Alan Heston, Robert Summers and Bettina Aten, Penn World Table Version 6.1. Center for International Comparisons at the University of Pennsylvania (CICUP), October 2002. -For regions: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Lo mismo ocurre con la productividad del trabajo South East Asian countries in sample Latin American Countries in sample 35% Ecuador 25% South East Asia Indonesia Brazil 30% Guatemala Philippines 20% Nicaragua 25% El Salv ador 20% Honduras 15% Latin America 15% & Caribe 10% 10% 5% 5% 0% 0% 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Latin American and Caribbean countries included in calculation of labor productivity of the region: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela. 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Selected South East Asian countries included in calculation of Real GDP per capita of the region: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. LAC Infraestructura ha caído por debajo de China y otros países de similares niveles de renta 2500 LAC 2000 MIC China 1500 1000 500 0 Access to electricity (%) Source: World Development Indicators Roads (km/km2) Mainline per 1000 pers Las empresas de LAC ven la infraestructura como un obstáculo para el crecimiento y la productividad LAC Middle East & North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia Europe & Central Asia East Asia & Pacific 0 10 20 30 40 Percent of firms Source: World Bank Investment Climate Surveys 50 60 Public Policy Real Options Methodology Public Choice Institutions Political Economy Performance and Evaluation of FMD - Data MDBs and IMF Economic Factors of FMD -Banking -Capital Market -Insurance -Pension Non economic Financial Market Development (FMD) Access to Finance SMEs FMD and FDI Global Financial Architecture Poverty Economic Growth Infrastructure Financing -Integration -Education -Culture - Human Capital Role of Government Local Currency Regional Growth Municipal Financing -Macro economy -Fiscal discipline -Debt management -Government bonds market -Legal Framework -Regulation -Supervision Financial Markets Crisis - Strategic Vision - Regulation - Supervision - Push & Leadership - Indirect intervention - Direct intervention (tools of government) -Public Sector Banks