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1 Chapter 6: Religion Introducing: Languages (p. 181) • Dali Lama • place, regions, space, connections Key Issue 1: Where Are Religions Distributed? • Tibetan Buddhists • Lhasa • China in Tibet • Distribution of Religions • Universalizing • Ethnic • atheism • agnosticism • Figure 6-4 • Figure 6-3 • North America • Latin America • Europe 2 Chapter 6: Religion • Central Asia • Southwest Asia & North Africa • South Asia • East Asia • South Pacific • Southeast Asia • Sub-Saharan Africa • Table 6.1 • Branches of Universalizing Religions • Christianity • Branches of Christianity in Europe • Branches of Christianity in the Western Hemisphere • Figure 6-5 • Figure 6-6 • Other Christians Figure 6-7 • Islam • Branches of Islam • Sunni • Shiite 3 • Islam in Europe and North Africa • Figure 6-8 • Buddhism • Mahayana • Theravada • Vajrayana • Figure 6-9 • Other Universalizing Religions • Ethnic Religions • Hinduism • Other Asian Ethnic Religions • Figure 6-10 • Figure 6-11 • Chinese Traditional • Confucianism • Taoism • Primal-Indigenous • Juchte • Other Ethnic Religions Chapter 6: Religion 4 • African Traditional • Spirtism • Figure 6-12 • Judaism • monotheism • polytheism Key Issue 2: Why do Religions Have Different Distributions? • Origins of Religions • Origin of Buddhism • Counting Religious Adherents • Four Noble Truths • Theravada Buddhism • Mahayana Buddhism • Vajrayana Buddhism • Origin of Christianity • Roman Catholic Branch • Orthodox Branch • Protestant Branch • Origin of Islam Chapter 6: Religion 5 • Five Pillars • Prophet Muhammad • Shiites versus Sunnis • Origin of Other Universalizing Religions • Unknown Origin Hinduism • Diffusion of Religions • Diffusion of Christianity • Figure 6-18 • Hierarchical Diffusion of Christianity • Relocation Diffusion of Christianity • Figure 6-19 • Figure 6-20 • Diffusion of Islam • Diffusion of Buddhism • Figure 6-21 • Diffusion of Other Universalizing Religions • Lack of Diffusion of Ethnic Religions • Mingling of Ethnic and Universalizing Religions • Ethnic Religions and Migration Chapter 6: Religion 6 • Diffusion of Judaism • Figure 6-22 • ghettos Key Issue 3: Why Do Religions Organize Space in Distinctive Patterns? • Sacred Space • Places of Worship in Universalizing Relgions • Christian Churches • Mulsim Mosques • Buddhist Pagodas • Baha’i Houses of Worship • Sikhism’s Golden Temple of Amritsar • Sacred Places in Universalizing Religions • Buddhist Shrines • Holy Places of Islam • The Landscape in Ethnic Religions • Hindu Landscape • Hindu Temples • Cosmogony • Cosmogony in Ethnic Religions Chapter 6: Religion 7 • Cosmogony in Universalizing Relgions • The Solstice • Disposing of the Dead • Burial • Other Methods of Disposing of Bodies • Religions Settlement and Place Names • Utopian Settlements • Religious Place Names • Figure 6-36 • The Calendar • The Calendar in Judaism • The Calendar in Universalizing Religions • Islam • Baha’i • Christianity • Buddhism • Sikhism • Administration of Space • Hierarchical Religions Chapter 6: Religion 8 • Latter-Day Saints • Roman Catholic Hierarchy • Locally Autonomous Religions • Local Autonomy in Islam • Protestant Denominations • Ethnic Religions Key Issue 4: Why Do Territorial Conflicts Arise among Religious Groups? • 20th Century • fundamentalism • Religion versus Government Policies • Religion Versus Social Change • Taliban Versus Western Values • Hinduism Versus Social Equality • Religion Versus Communism • Christianity and Islam Versus the Former Soviet Union • Buddhism Versus Southeast Asian Countries • Religion versus Religion • Religious Wars in Ireland • Figure 6-47 Chapter 6: Religion 9 • Figure 6-48 • Religious Wars in the Middle East • Crusades • Partition of Palestine • Figure 6-49 • Wars Between Israel and Neighbors • 1948-1949 • 1956 • 1967 • 1973 • 1979 • Conflicting Perspectives of the Holy Land • Israeli Perspectives • Palestinian Perspectives • Security Fence or Segregation Wall • Jerusalem: Contested Geography • Judaism’s Jerusalem • Islam’s Jerusalem Chapter 6: Religion