Download worksheet 2ºeso 1 - Aula Virtual Maristas Mediterránea

Provincia Marista Mediterránea |COLEGIO MARISTA NTRA. SRA. DEL CARMEN| Badajoz
Avda. Juan Pereda Pila, 14 CP 06010 - Badajoz - Tfno. 924 230 280 - Fax: 924 20 71 23
www.maristasbadajoz.com | [email protected]
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NATURAL SCIENCES
2ND COURSE (SECONDARY SCHOOL)
WORKSHEET 1: THE VITAL FUNCTIONS AS DEFINITION OF LIVING BEING I:
THE NUTRITION FUNCTION
KEY WORDS:
1ST COURSE:
Cellulose: substance that makes up the cell wall of plant cells.
Chloroplast: organelle in some plant cells that contains chlorophyll and where
photosynthesis takes place.
Element: pure substance which cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.
Habitable: able to support life.
Organic compound: any compound containing one or more carbon atoms.
Photosynthesis: process used by some organisms to make food from sunlight, carbon
dioxide and water, it takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Tissue: group of similar cells that carry out a specific function.
2ND COURSE:
Aerobic: uses oxygen.
Anaerobic: does not use oxygen.
Assimilate: absorb and change nutrients into living tissue.
Autotrophic nutrition: when organisms make their own food from inorganic matter.
Biomolecule: molecule produced by living things; organic compounds.
Circulatory system: system in organisms that allows important substances to be
transported around the body.
Cytoplasm: gel inside the cell membrane, which contains all the organelles.
Digest: break down large food molecules into smaller ones that can be assimilated by
the organism.
Eukaryotic cell: cell that has a clearly defined nucleus and organelles.
Genetic material: material that controls how the cell works and is transmitted from
parents to their offspring (DNA).
Glucose: sugar found in animal and plant tissue.
Harm: damage or put in danger.
Heterotrophic nutrition: when organism must obtain nutrients from food because they
can’t carry out photosynthesis.
Inanimate: not living, and never has been living.
Metabolism: chemical processes that occur in a living thing and maintain life.
Nucleus (pl. nuclei): the organelle that contains the genetic material of the cell.
Nutrient: substance that a living thing needs to take in from its surroundings in order to
live.
Organelle: part of a cell that has a particular function; for example, digesting food or
disposing of waste.
Physiologist: person who studies the functions of living things and their parts.
Prokaryotic cell: cell that contains genetic material in the cytoplasm, with no true
nucleus.
Provincia Marista Mediterránea |COLEGIO MARISTA NTRA. SRA. DEL CARMEN| Badajoz
Avda. Juan Pereda Pila, 14 CP 06010 - Badajoz - Tfno. 924 230 280 - Fax: 924 20 71 23
www.maristasbadajoz.com | [email protected]
Page 2 of 5
CORE CONCEPTS:
1ST COURSE:
The Earth has 4 characteristics that allow life to develop:
1. Our planet receives enough light and heat from the Sun.
2. The atmosphere.
3. Liquid water.
4. Basic elements, which, when combined, produce the basic compounds that
living things are made of.
All living things have the same chemical composition: BIOELEMENTS
1. The most important are CARBON (C), HYDROGEN (H), OXYGEN (O), and
NITROGEN (N).
2. Bioelements join together to make the BIOMOLECULES: SUGARS, FATS,
PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACIDS.
3. All organisms are also made up of inorganic compounds (WATER (H2O) and
MINERAL SALTS)
Our Earth is made up of all living and non-living things. The interaction of all
these building blocks and all living things make up the BIOSPHERE
CELL PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS:
1.- Cell membrane —determines what goes in and out of the cell.
2.- Cytoplasm—gel-like medium that holds the organelles in position.
3.-Nucleus—control center of the cell.
4.- Specialized cell parts called organelles— “little organs”:
I.- Mitochondria —energy source of the cell (Similar to the human lungs).
II.- Chloroplast —makes glucose using the energy from
(photosynthesis).(Found in plant cells only)
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Organism
Organ System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
the
sun
Provincia Marista Mediterránea |COLEGIO MARISTA NTRA. SRA. DEL CARMEN| Badajoz
Avda. Juan Pereda Pila, 14 CP 06010 - Badajoz - Tfno. 924 230 280 - Fax: 924 20 71 23
www.maristasbadajoz.com | [email protected]
Page 3 of 5
2ND COURSE
LIVING BEING DEFINITION:
Organized and complex structure that enhances the functions of nutrition, interaction and
reproduction so that works by itself without losing its integrity against the environment.
THE CELL THEORY:
1. All living beings are formed of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of anatomy (structure),
(heredity) in living beings
3. New cells are produced from existing cells
physiology (function) and genetics
THE VITAL FUNCTIONS:
NUTRITION: the process of providing the matter that living beings need to renew,
maintain and repair their cells, tissues and organs and get the energy they need to
work.
INTERACTION: the living beings process of detecting changes in their environment and
being able to interpret them.
REPRODUCTION: the series of processes that allow living beings to produce new
individuals which are similar to the parents.
NUTRITION CEFINITION:
ENERGY SOURCE
(to work)
MATTER SOURCE
(to renew, maintain and repair)
PHOTO(light)
-LITHO- or -AUTO(inorganic)
CHEMO(chemical reactions)
-ORGANO- or -HETERO(organic)
Provincia Marista Mediterránea |COLEGIO MARISTA NTRA. SRA. DEL CARMEN| Badajoz
Avda. Juan Pereda Pila, 14 CP 06010 - Badajoz - Tfno. 924 230 280 - Fax: 924 20 71 23
www.maristasbadajoz.com | [email protected]
Page 4 of 5
GRAMMAR: COMPARING AND CONTRASTING
Language for comparing:
→ ... is greater than ..., is more important than ..., is as important as ..., is the same
as..., is not the same as ..., is similar to ...,
→ On the one hand, … on the other hand,…
→ The first object is …, while (whereas) the second is …
→ However, …
Language for contrasting:
→ is unlike, is different from, contrasts with,
→ On the other hand, … In contrast …, However,…
→ whereas, while, but, although, in spite of, despite,
Examples:
Unlike aridity, which refers to permanent lack of water, drought is a temporary shortage
of water resources ...
On the one hand, Canada has the largest population; on the other hand, it has the
lowest density of population.
Examples in our lesson:
It is easy to differentiate between living and non-living things, however, it isn’t easy to
find a definition which includes all the life forms which are found in nature.
All living beings have the same chemical composition.
The most important elements that make all living beings are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
and nitrogen because they make up more than 99% of the mass of living beings.
The most important organic compounds are sugars, fats, proteins and nucleic acids.
Organic and inorganic compounds join together to make more complex structures
called cells. Most cells are too small to see, so we need to use a microscope to see
then.
Cells are extremely small so we need a microscope to see them.
Not all cells are the same: they do not have the same organelles or structures.
Prokaryots are more primitive cells, such as bacteria.
Prokaryotic cells are the most primitive type of cell.
Eukaryotic cells are more complicated and evolved.
Tissue is a group of cells that have a similar structure and function.
Tissue form organs, like the heart or the lungs.
Provincia Marista Mediterránea |COLEGIO MARISTA NTRA. SRA. DEL CARMEN| Badajoz
Avda. Juan Pereda Pila, 14 CP 06010 - Badajoz - Tfno. 924 230 280 - Fax: 924 20 71 23
www.maristasbadajoz.com | [email protected]
Page 5 of 5
When they respire, plants release CO2 into their surroundings, but they only produce a
very small amount of CO2 compared to the amount that they consume during
photosynthesis.
Living things produced new individuals similar to themselves through reproduction.
GRAMMAR: DESCRIBING
The language used to describe objects refers to:
position → next to, opposite, under, in the middle of, on the right of, on the left of, etc.
weight → is 6 kg. in weight, weighs 6 kg.
structure → is fixed to, is connected to, is attached to, etc.
colour → is dark green / pale blue / bright red / light yellow, etc.
composition → is made (up) / composed of steel / plastic / glass / wood, etc.
size → is 6 cm long / high / wide, etc.
shape → is square, round, rectangular, semi-circular, etc.
function → the function of the … is to …, ... is used for ... , etc.
Examples in our lesson:
A typical cell is made up of plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and organelles.
Nucleus is inside the cytoplasm but is separated from this by a membrane.
Plant cells have a rigid cell wall (made of cellulose) outside the plasma membrane.
Chlorophyll is a green substance found in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
A gastric cavity is an internal cavity that leads to the outside through a single
opening.
LISTENINGS:
VIDEO: Rapid Learning: Animal Function - Nutrition, Digestion and Respiration
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ltaXTnzUG0
VIDEO: Rapid Learning: Plant Function - Plant Nutrition
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cjivy9VmVE
ACTIVITIES:
To make a collage with all examples sentences of comparing, contrasting and
describing, using a large cardboard.