Download APStudy Guide Ch.4 and 5 - Pre

Study Guide: AP Environmental Science Ch.4 and 5 Test
Know the following concepts:
Ch.4
Define evolution
Define natural selection and understand how the process works, especially reproductive success
Define mutation and genetic drift, heritable
How is biodiversity achieved? Define speciation, extinction, geographic isolation, reproductive isolation,
Define species richness, and understand how species richness affects sustainability of an ecosystem
Define ecological niche, know what it includes
Know the difference between specialist species and generalist species
Define endemic and endangered species
Define the following roles found in a niche: native, indicator, keystone and foundation species
Reasons why amphibians are in decline
Core case study: Otters and kelp forests
Ch.5
Difference between predation, mutualism, commensalism (Ex: epiphytes), parasitism,
Define competition (inter and intra), competitive exclusion principle, and resource partitioning
How does prey avoid predators?
Define coevolution
Define, biotic potential of a population, intrinsic rate of increase (r)
Define immigration and emigration, carrying capacity (K), limiting factors, environmental resistance
Difference between exponential and logistic growth, be able to recognize growth patterns on a graph (J shaped, S shaped)
Difference between the two types of reproductive strategies: r-selected and K-selected
Population density: difference between density-independent population control and density –dependent population
control, know examples
Difference between survivorship curves