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8 Chapter 8 The University Lab: Conceptual Design Verification, Logical Design, and Implementation Hachim Haddouti 8 In this chapter, you will learn: • How the Lab Management System modules are defined and refined • How attributes and domains are identified and defined for each of the entities defined in the initial E-R model • How the database transactions are identified and defined within the system modules • That the design verification process uses modeling and normalization techniques concurrently to find and eliminate data redundancies • Review the steps of database implementation • Review the steps of database testing and evaluation • Review the steps of database operation Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 2 8 Completing Conceptual and Logical Design • Detail Matters! – Tasks • • • • • • • Entity relationship modeling and normalization Data model verification Logical design Physical design Implementation Testing and Evaluation Operation – Primary modules • Lab Management System • Inventory Management System Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 3 Entities Identified Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 8 4 8 Completion of Conceptual Design • Refine module definition – Entities – Attributes • Normalization process – Discover new entities – Revise attributes Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 5 Lab Management System Module E-R Segment Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 8 6 8 USER Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 7 8 LOG Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 8 LAB_ASSISTANT Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 8 9 8 WORK_SCHEDULE Entity Table 8.7 Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 10 8 HOURS_WORKED Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 11 8 RESERVATION Entity Table 8.9 Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 12 8 Revised RESERVATION Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 13 8 RES_SLOT (Weak) Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 14 Inventory Management Module E-R Segment Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 8 15 8 INV_Type Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 16 8 ITEM Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 17 8 STORAGE Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 18 8 LOCATION Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 19 8 REPAIR Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 20 8 VENDOR Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 21 8 ORDER Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 22 8 ORDER_ITEM Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 23 WITHDRAW Entity Revision Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 8 24 WITHDRAW Entity and Revision Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 8 25 8 WD_ITEM (Weak) Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 26 CHECK_OUT Design Revision Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 8 27 8 CHECK_OUT Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 28 8 CHECK_OUT_ITEM (Weak) Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 29 8 E-R Model Verification • Establishes – Design reflects end user views of database – Database transactions defined and modeled so design supports related requirements – Design meets output requirements – Design supports required input screens and data entry forms – Design flexible to support future enhancements • Verification identifies – Central entity – Each module and its components – Each module transaction requirement Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 30 8 Inventory Management Reporting Problems • Generates three reports; one is inventory movement report – Inventory movements spread across different entities – Difficult to generate output and reduces performance • Item “quantity on hand” updated with different inventory movements – Purchase, withdraw, check-out, check-in, or inventory adjustment – Only withdrawals and check-outs represented in model Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 31 8 Inventory Management Reporting Problems Solution • Create new entity as common movement entry point • INV_TRANS created – Standardizes inventory module interfaces – Facilitates control and generation of required outputs Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 32 8 Inventory Transaction Process Figure 8.25 Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 33 8 INV_TRANS Entity Table 8.26 Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 34 8 TR_ITEM (Weak) Entity Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 35 8 Revised University Computer Lab ERD Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 36 8 Logical Design • Translates conceptual model to format for selected DBMS • Sets stage for creating table structures, indexes, and views • Table structures can be created with CREATE TABLE SQL commands • Views created with CREATE VIEW SQL Commands • Indexes created with CREATE INDEX SQL Commands Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 37 8 Physical Design • Defines specific storage or access methods used by database • Includes estimate of storage space • Characteristics are function of DBMS and operating systems Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 38 8 Implementation • Database administrator (DBA) – Controls database management function – Defines standards and procedures required to interact with the database – Adopts appropriate plan • Plan elements – Definitions of processes and standards – Chronology of required activities • Database creation • Loading and Conversion – Documentation standards – Responsibilities for continued development and maintenance Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 39 8 Testing and Evaluation • Determine how well database meets goals • Ongoing process • Considerations – Performance measures – Security – Backup and recovery procedures Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 40 8 Operation • Provides support for daily operations • Maintains operational procedures • Database maintenance and evolution – DBA performs technical and managerial duties to ensure proper operation of database to support organizational mission Hachim Haddouti and Rob & Coronel, Ch7 41