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Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
Victor Krabbendam
LSST Project Manager
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The LSST Project continues to progress
steadily in anticipation of a July 2014 formal
construction start
• LSST is a multi-agency project
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NSF / DOE coordinated – MOU established
National Science Board: NSF Director can move LSST forward
DOE has assigned SLAC National Accelerator Center to build the Camera
LSST is now an independent AURA Center for construction
LSST Center and NOAO Center have MOU for specific cooperation
• Project is organized and preparing for July 2014 construction
– New C.A for Design and Development FY13- FY15
– Budget set: Requesting $466M NSF, $160M DOE, $36M Private
– Schedule duration is 7 years 3 months from NSF construction start
LSST was ASTO 2010 highest ranked new ground based
facility – We are preparing for a 2014 Start
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The need for a new survey telescope has
been recognized for many years
• 1996-2000 “Dark Matter Telescope”
Emphasized mapping dark matter in the universe
• 2000 - “LSST”
Emphasizes a broad range of science from the same multi-wavelength
survey data, including unique time domain exploration
• 2003 - LSST Corporation
• 2011 – AURA LSST Center
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The LSST Science Book describes the
investigations possible from a single survey
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Strong end user case
245 contributors
11 science collaborations
598 pages
Living document
(on lsst.org)
− arXiv/0912.0201
http://www.lsst.org/lsst/scibook
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The LSST survey will address today’s
compelling questions in astro-physics
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Probing dark matter and dark energy
Mapping the Milky Way
Finding Near earth asteroids and other transients
A single unprecedented survey:
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20 billion objects cataloged
4 billion galaxies with redshifts
6 filters covering 320 – 1050 nm
Time domain information x1000 (106 supernovas)
High precision, high uniformity, calibrated data
Finding Near Earth Asteroids
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LSST receives strong Astro2010 decadal
survey endorsement
• LSST ranked as the highest
priority large ground-based
facility for the next decade.
– Compelling Science case
– Addresses many science goals
(massively parallel astro-physics)
– Technical maturity
– Risk and appraised costs are
ready for construction process
– LSST is most “ready-to-go”
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Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)
To build an observing facility, conduct 10-year survey,
archive and serve images and developed data products
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Wide Fast Deep Optical Survey
8.4 M Primary Aperture
3.5 Degree Field Of View
3.2 Billion Pixel Camera
~40 Second Cadence
– Two 15 second exposures
– Full sky coverage every few nights
• Data Served and Archived
– Alerts of new events
– Catalogs of objects
• Education and Public Outreach is
included
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2012
What makes the LSST a unique Telescope?
Primary Mirror
Diameter
Field of
View
0.2 degrees
Gemini South
Telescope
8m
3.5 degrees
(Full moon is 0.5 degrees)
LSST
8.4 m
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Wide Fast Deep coverage of the
available sky
Each sky patch will be visited >800 times
A survey of 20 billion objects in space and time
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LSST probes 100x fainter & enables the
exploration of the time domain
ca. 1950 POSS
(Photographic)
ca. 2000 SDSS
(Digital)
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ca. 2021 LSST
(Digital + Time Domain)
LSST Designed to be a Community Resource
Open data
• No proprietary period for U.S. and Chilean astronomers
• Funding model designed to serve these two communities
Open Source Software
New Model for Astronomy
• Excites significant scientific enthusiasm
• Agency Support
• Public excitement
Huge opportunity for education and multi discipline interaction
• STEM education and public interaction
• Database technology and Data intensive science
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LSST has attracted a great deal of interest
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LSST Corporation has 36 institutional partners
Operations strategy now includes 66 international institutions
Over 400 scientists in 12 different Science collaborations
~10 years of DOE and NSF design support
~$40 in Private donations
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LSST is investing in significant survey and
image simulation
Observing an LSST simulation
Producing a simulated image
Pointing, Filter, Airmass,
Time and Atmosphere from
Op Sim
1010 photons per CCD
Separate amplifiers
Custom instance of field of
view
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Site selection was an early trade that
supports design and construction readiness
Central Chile Location
Map
La Serena
airport
La Serena
port
Coquimbo
Cerro Pachón chosen in 2006 after 2
year global evaluation by
international committee.
LSST
Base Facility
Puclaro
dam & tunnel
AURA
property
(Totoral)
Vicuña
CTIO
Gemini & SOAR
N
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10
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20 km
LSST SITE
Site choice supports design maturity, cost
basis, risk and construction preparation
• Environmental and Use
permits in place
• Chilean “10%” agreement
completed
SOAR
Gemini
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LSST rendering
----2647 m
LSST Corporation invested non-federal
funds for early site leveling in 2011
• Stage 1 of summit leveling
– ~4,000 kg of explosives
– 12,500 m3 removed on main site
First production blast: March 8th 2011,
60 kg of explosive dislodges ~320 m3 of rock
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LSST Corporation invested non-federal
funds for early site leveling in 2011
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Optical design was another early trade
study addressed as a complete system
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The LSST optical system is 3 mirrors and 3
lenses to form 3.5° field of view
Secondary Mirror
Camera Lenses
Primary and Tertiary Mirrors
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Mirror designs are advanced - Private funding
enabled early start of both reflective optics
• Secondary substrate fabricated by
Corning in 2009.
• Currently in storage waiting for
construction.
• Primary-Tertiary cast in 2008.
• Fabrication underway at the Steward
Observatory Mirror Lab - completion in
Summer 2013.
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LSST is ready for secondary mirror optical
fabrication vendor selection process
• Pre-solicitation announcement in FedBizOpps - 26 June 2012
• Release Request for Proposal: August 2012
– Full bid for optical fabrication
– Time and materials hardware integration/test
– Optional effort to build mirror support hardware
• Phase A: Initial final design work and vendor specific risk
reduction
• Phase B: Fabrication phase authorized only after MREFC start
• Early identification of optical fabrication contractor allows FDR
preparation and cost basis
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M2 Proposal Evaluation Plans
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Project Evaluation = 4 weeks.
AURA Approval = 3 weeks.
NSF Approval = 4 weeks (Longer for Holidays in this schedule).
Final Negotiation and contract placement = 3 weeks.
3 1/2 months to let a contract assumes no significant issues.
This M2 procurement is a pathfinder to validate our approach.
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Camera system design is well advanced
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3.2 Gigapixel science array – 63 cm diameter
Wavefront and guide sensors
2 second readout
5 filters in camera
Electronics
Utility Trunk—houses
support electronics and
utilities
Cryostat—contains focal plane
& its electronics
L3 Lens
1.65 m
(5’-5”)
Filter
L1 Lens
Camera ¾ Section
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L2 Lens
Focal plane
LSST focal plane is a modular design of
21 rafts totaling 189 science sensors
3X3 CCD
“RAFT”
4K x 4K CCD with 10µm
pixels is divided into 16
1Mpix segments with
individual readout
Each raft has
electronics and
thermal elements
to be autonomous
144 Mpixel array
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Summit facility (fixed building) 90% design
completed – 100% before end of year
30 m diameter dome
1.2 m diameter
atmospheric telescope
Control room and heat
producing equipment
(lower level)
1,380 m2 service and
maintenance facility
Stray light and Wind
Screen
Wind light screen prototype designed
for mechanism and life testing
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A Peta-scale data management system has
been designed for the LSST
• LSST Data Management System must deal with an
unprecedented data volume.
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one 6.4-gigabyte image every 17 seconds
15 terabytes of raw scientific image data / night
60-petabyte final image data archive
20-petabyte final database catalog
2 million real time events per night every night for 10 years
• Provide a highly reliable open source system to provide:
– Real time alerts,
– catalog data products,
– image data.
• Provides the infrastructure to transport, process, and serve
the data.
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Cyber infrastructure is defined and capacity
has been identified to handle data volume
Archive /Data
Center
Data Release Production
at IN2P3
MOU in place –
Technical
details pending
• Summit-Base network will be installed by the project.
• Working with NSF funded network consortiums on capacity.
• International protected network identified and quoted (upgraded.)
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LSST data processing pipelines are designed,
and prototyped and tested in data challenges
• Data Challenges have continued every 6 months.
• Unique database design to address multiple trillion row data sets.
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EPO is developing products and tools to
meet the public user where they are
• Collaborating with DM on User Interface Design: Sharing UML
Domain Model.
• Building Sustainable Partnerships: Outreach Advisory Board,
Potential Collaborators.
• Prototyping Modules: Citizen Science, iPhone app, WWT Tour,
Multiuser Touchtable interfaces.
• Documenting: Baseline Design, Subsystem Requirements,
Inclusion in SysML model.
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Management team for construction period
has continuity with current staff
Chief Scientist
Tony Tyson
Director / LSSTC President
Sidney Wolff
Deputy Director
Steve Kahn
Project Scientist
Zeljko Ivezic
Project Manager
Victor Krabbendam
Systems Engineer
Chuck Claver
Systems Scientist
Open
Business Manager
Daniel Calabrese
Safety Manager
Chuck Gessner
Calibration
Scientist
Tim Axelrod
Image Simulation
Scientist
Andy Connolly
Op. Simulation
Scientist
Abi Saha
Science Council
Data Management
Project Manager
Jeff Kantor
Project Scientist
Mario Juric
Camera Project
Manager
Nadine Kurita
Project Scientist
Andy Rasmussen
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Telescope and Site
Project Manager
Bill Gressler
Project Scientist
Open
Education and Public
Outreach Manager
Suzanne Jacoby
Project Scientist
Tim Axelrod
7 year 3 month schedule developed to
align with camera delivery to summit in
July 2019
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LSST total federal construction budget sets
not to exceed levels
Contingency:
$133M
21%
PMO: $41M
7%
DM: $121M
19%
Commissioning:
$32M
5%
EPO: $12M
2%
Camera: $113M
18%
T&S: $174M
28%
NSF Request
$ 465.9
M
Base Budget
$ 492.7 M
DOE Not to exceed $ 160.0
M
Contingency
$ 133.2 M
“Private”
$
“Private” Funding
or
$ 39.0* M
$ 664.9
M
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39.0* M
$ 664.9 M
* Private funded
construction not
included in pie
chart
Construction budget profile matches each
Agency’s funding plans and outlook
NSF and DOE proposed annual funding profile for LSST
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19
FY20
FY21
Total
Funding Profile (Millions - USD)
DOE
1.9
5.5
10
NSF CON
NSF D&D
Total
16
35
38
38
10
5.6
25.7
91.6
89.2
55.3
55.6
48.0
4.3
4.3
8.9
7.6
6.2
9.8
18.9
49.3
160
52.3
48.3
465.9
25.1
126.6
127.2
93.3
65.6
53.6
52.3
48.3
651.0
$100
$90
$80
Annual Funding (M-USD)
• DOE yearly budget
profile is included in
department of Science
budget
• NSF MREFC funding fits
within projections
NSF D&D
NSF CON (MREFC)
$70
DOE
$60
$50
$40
$30
$20
$10
$0
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Fiscal Year
LSST Project objective is “Preparing for
Construction”
Highest Priority is Preparing for next Agency Reviews
– CD3a and FDR late in 2013
– Update/upgrade Project Management Control System
Prolonged D&D to “Time is money” construction
– Maintain excellent scientific ties
– Program is now constrained - Track progress toward plan
Staffing Additions
– Director, Systems Engineer, PMCS, Office Administrator
Business System Updates
– $10M/yr to $100M/yr organization
– “Routine”, “Robust”, and some case “enhance”
Continue Technical Progress and Risk reduction
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Future home of LSST on Cerro Pachón
LSST Site
Calibration Hill
Image credit:
David Walker
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LSST Project and Corporation have developed in
preparation for MREFC Construction
• LSSTC is a 501(c) 3 founded in 2003 to build and
operate the LSST
- The University of Arizona
- University of Washington
- National Optical Astronomy Observatory
- Research Corporation for Science Advancement
- Adler Planetarium
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)
- California Institute of Technology
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Chile
- Cornell University
- Drexel University
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
- George Mason University
- Google, Inc.
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3)
- Johns Hopkins University
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
- Stanford University
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc.
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO
- Princeton University
- Purdue University
- Rutgers University
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Space Telescope Science Institute
- Texas A & M University
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University of California at Davis
- University of California at Irvine
- University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign
- University of Michigan
- University of Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh
- Vanderbilt University
• In October 2011 LSST construction project
became and Independent AURA Center
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Several key and defining requirements
flowdown to the observing system
• High throughput optical system for image depth.
– 8.4 meter primary aperture and 1.6 meter diameter camera lens
– 3.5 degree field of view, 6 filters, fast f/1.2 beam
• Sky coverage with quick and agile telescope.
– 15 second exposure – 2 second readout – 15 second exposure
– “5 sec slew & settle” between visits
• Tight control of systematic error and noise.
– Image quality and PSF shape control
– Well baffled camera, telescope and facility
• High efficiency and duty cycle.
– Repeating all night, each night for 10 years
– Maintenance support to limit downtime
• High Capacity data management system
– 2.5 million visits – 5 million images
– 15Tb /night – 100Pb after 10 years
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