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“Green Economy Initiative”
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UNEP
1
Outline
 Multiple crises
 Opportunity amidst crisis
 Rethinking economic recovery: A global green new deal
 The Green Economy Initiative: A family of initiatives
 Making the economic case: The Green Economy Report
 Engaging global policy processes
 Fostering global consensus on green economy
 Supporting regional initiatives on green economy
 Country technical assistance and advisory services
A Global Crisis with Multiple
Dimensions and Implications
Multiple Crises
Fuel and food crises - 950 million
people worldwide at risk of hunger
and malnutrition
Financial crisis - threatening jobs
worldwide & poverty reduction
gains
Climate crisis – exacerbating the
others
The Economic Crisis and Employment
200 million jobs lost between 2007 and 2009
The Economic Crisis and Development
 Decrease of trade and
investment –exports are
shrinking.
 ODA contraction:

Slow growth: Every 1 per
cent fall in growth in
developing countries will
translate into an additional
20 million people consigned
to poverty (WB).

Reduced provision of basic
needs, health care and
education
Continued Environmental Neglect
 Global economic
growth in past 50
years accompanied
by accelerated
environmental
decline
 1981 – 2005: global
GDP more than
doubled, but 60% of
world’s ecosystems
degraded/exploited
unsustainably
Opportunity Amidst Crisis
Opportunity as
governments
jump start
economies
Potential for substantial
investments in a green
economy
Rethinking the Economic Recovery:
A global Green New Deal
1
Revive the world economy, create new and
decent jobs, and protect the vulnerable
2
Reduce carbon dependency, ecosystem
degradation, and water scarcity
3
Eliminate persistent poverty by 2015…. achieve
the MDG’s
From : Edward B. Barbier,
“A Global Green New Deal”,
UNEP, Feb 2009
Global Green New Deal Rationale
 Fiscal stimulus agreed as the way forward, but
how sustainable is the recovery ?
 “Green Investment” beats a “Shopping Spree”
 “Win-Win-Win” solutions exist : Decent Jobs,
Lower Risks, Higher Returns
 Globalization is a fact : success lies in globally
coordinated action ..
 “A crisis is a terrible thing to waste” : Seeding the
“Green Economy”
Opportunity as Governments Jump Start
Economies: Green stimulus packages
Country
Australia
Stimul
us
USbn
Stimulus
as % of
GDP/GNI
Green
Fund
Usbn
% of
Green
stimulus
Green
stimulus
as % of
GDP
26.7
2.49
2.5
9%
0.2
China
586.1
13.88
221.3
38%
5.2
Japan
485.9
10.03
12.4
3%
0.3
Korea, Rep
38.1
4.44
30.7
81%
3.6
France
33.7
1.12
7.1
21%
0.2
104.8
2.74
13.8
13%
0.4
UK
30.4
1.09
2.1
7%
0.1
US ARRA
787
5.27
94.1
12%
0.6
US EESA
185
1.29
18.2
10%
0.1
Canada
31.8
2.03
2.6
8%
0.2
Germany
source: HSCB 2009, CIA factbook
Investing in Renewable Energy
Global Green Stimuli Packages Spending in the Energy Sector
Non-Energy
25%
Rail
26%
Renewable Power
9%
Building EE
15%
Grid
21%
Low Carbon Vehicles
4%
Global Green New Deal Components
 Inernational Policy
Architecture
•
•
•
•
•
•
International Trade
International Aid
Global Carbon Market
Global Markets for Ecosystems Services
Development and Transfer of Technology
GGND International Coordination
 Domestic Policy Initiatives
•
•
•
•
•
•
Perverse Subsidies
Incentives & Taxes
Land Use and Urban Policy
Integrated Management of Freshwater
Environmental Legislation
Monitoring and Accountability
 Fiscal Stimulus
in 2009-2010
•
•
•
•
Energy Efficient Buildings
Sustainable Transport
Sustainable Energy
Agriculture and
Freshwater
Green Economy: Key Questions
• What is the potential for environmental
industries to become drivers of future
economic growth?
• What financial, policy and institutional
barriers currently inhibit a shift towards a
green economy?
• What national experiences currently
exist?
The Green Economy Initiative
(GEI)
To achieve significant progress in
addressing global environmental priorities
by the end of 2010 by:
• making a strong & credible
macroeconomic case for massive green
investments worldwide
• offering workable solutions to remove
financial, policy, institutional, & market
constraints on making such investments
The Green Economy Initiative: A
family of initiatives…
16
Green Economy
Report
Demonstrating that Greening
is a new engine for growth,
sizing sectoral opportunities,
addressing hurdles &
enabling conditions
TEEB
Green Jobs
Demonstrating the value of
ecosystems & biodiversity,
capturing these values, and
reversing the vicious cycle
of environmental losses and
persistent poverty
Sizing and
incentivizing growth in
green & decent jobs
 Decent jobs from Communitybased Conservation, PES/ IPES
implementation,
… under a Wide Global Network
UNSD
UNECE
UNCEB
UNDES
A
UNSCD
UNEP
G8+5
Green Economy
Report
Demonstrating that Greening
is a new engine for growth,
sizing sectoral opportunities,
addressing hurdles &
enabling conditions
UNDP
Green Jobs
TEEB
Demonstrating the value of
ecosystems & biodiversity,
capturing these values, and
reversing the vicious cycle
of environmental losses and
persistent poverty
Business
& Civil Society
Groups
Universities
07.05.2017
ILO
Sizing and
incentivizing growth in
green & decent jobs
ITC
Multilateral
Institutions
Regional
Forums
17
Countries
UNEP ETB
Green Economy Reports
1. A report on a Global Green New Deal
proposing key elements of a global
policy response to economic crisis
2. An in-depth review of the state and
prospect of key green sectors and
specific policy recommendations
Green Jobs
In September 2008, UNEPILO launched a report
showing:
Investments to reduce
climate change and its
effects are generating new
jobs
Next phase: country
studies
Green Jobs
“Where capital flows today,
jobs follow tomorrow”
What are the key sectors at
risk ? What are the key
sectors of opportunity ? And
the net change in FTE’s for
each ?
How does ‘greening’ impact
employment ?
“Green Jobs Report”,
September 2008
Green Jobs
The Report found that:
 Globally, > 2.3 million
workers employed in
renewables; by 2030, could
be 20 million jobs
 Greening buildings in EU & US
would create 2 million jobs
 In China, 10 million jobs in
the recycling sector
Green Jobs
Country
Renewable
Energy
Transport
170,000
1 to 2 m
900,000
700,0001m
Nigeria
S. Korea
3.5 m
USA
334,000
182,000
Thailand
UK
Ecological Infrast
1 million
Colombia
EU
Sust. Agr
160,000
Australia
China
Building
Retrofits
160.000
2 million
367, 000
350,000
The Economics of Ecosystems and
Biodiversity
(TEEB)
 To motivate actions to
significantly reduce
biodiversity loss by 2010
 Results to feed into Green
Economy Reports
TEEB – Interim Report
Three Key Messages
Economic Size
& Welfare
Impact of
Losses is huge
Strong link with
Poverty & risk of
MDG’s failure
Discount rates
are ethical choices
TEEB – Interim Report
“From Economics to Policies”
25
Rethink todays
subsidies to meet
tomorrow’s
priorities
Reward unrecognized
benefits, penalize
Uncaptured costs
Share the benefits of
conservation
Measure what
we Manage !
TEEB II Deliverables
1. A global valuation study providing
conceptual background for guidance
documents;
2. A guidance report for international and
national policymakers;
3. A guidance report for regional and local
administrators;
4. A guidance report for business and industry;
5. A guidance report for consumers.
Making the Economic Case:
The Green Economy Report
The objective of the Green
Economy Report is to make and
communicate a strong and
convincing economic case for
greening economies and creating
decent green jobs by investing in a
new generation of assets (social,
natural, human, and financial).
A “green economy” is not …
…One which undermines natural capital..
….Or risks human survival ...
‘Ecological Footprint’
already exceeds Earth’s
regenerative capacity…
our demands on the planet
have doubled over the last
40 years…
07.05.2017
Global GHG Emissions at
42 GtCO2e per annum are
5 times higher than the
Earth can absorb …
28
UNEP ETB
Green Economy Report
…. and its offshoots
Enabling
Conditions
GGND :
A Policy
Brief
- Finance
- Subsidies
- Markets
-
Regional
UNEP /ETB
Regional
/
Country
Country
Reports
Reports
07.05.2017
The UNEP Global Green New Deal
 Following Roosevelt’s strategy in the 30s,
advocacy for a green revolution.
 Initialized in 2008 by the UNEP, the GGND
was a key document of the 2009 G20 in
London.
 « Jump-starting the transition to a green
economy”
 International components : Urgent
reforms to international architecture.
The UNEP Global Green New Deal
 National Components : Green priorities for
fiscal spending, and reforms to national
architecture
 Optimizing “quick wins” and “sustainable
returns to investment” objectives in
stimulus packages
 Addressing both Developed World and
Developing World circumstances
 Avoiding past mistakes of capital misallocation.
The Green Economy Report,
Overview
 The GER is an in-depth sectoral analysis of the
economic and social potential impact of green
investments resulting from green stimulus
packages.
 Targets: Decision makers, government officials,
business executives, researchers and
representatives of civil society organizations.
GER – Operational Framework
Open architecture, end-user targeted, dialogue-based, inclusive…
UNEP Green Economy Team
Technical Advisory & Coordination Team (TACT)
Policy Context:
Multiple
Global
Green
New
Deal
Report
crises
Climate Change
Poverty
Core policy principles underlying
a Green Economy
Transport
Renewable
Energy
Forest
Agriculture
Project Implementation &
Sustainable
cities
Waste
Clean
technology
and material
efficiency
Ecosystems
and
ecological
infrastructur
e
Buildings
Water
Enabling
Policy
Impact
Conditions
recomassessment
(domestic
mendations
and int’l)
Communications
Team (PICT)
Note : Each Chapter has a “Writing Team” composed of the chapter authors, contributors and
Other experts and stakeholders from government, international institutions, business and civil society
Investing in Green Sectors
 Renewable energy
 Clean tech : materials & energy
efficiency
 Low carbon cities , buildings & transport
 Waste management & mitigation
 Ecological infrastructure
 Biodiversity-based businesses
Sustainable Cities
Cities are polluted,
crowded and
complex to manage.
Delivering the
smart city: The
GER will a
guidance plan for
mayors to improve
sustainability and
growth in cities.
Green Buildings
 Energy efficient buildings:
Investments in improved
energy efficient buildings = 23.5m jobs in Europe & USA.
 In Australia a proposed US$ 3b
green housing over 4 years is
expected to reduce green
house gas emissions by
3.8mtons/year = 160,000 jobs
 In the US it is estimated that
US$ 100b to improve energy
efficiency of building & cities
over 4 years will generate 2m
new jobs.
Sustainable Transport
● Shifting 25% of all
air travel in 2050
under 750 km to high
speed rail travel
would result in
savings of around .5
GT of CO2/year (IEA,
‘08)
● Shifting 25% of all
road freight over 500
km to rail, .4 Gt of
CO2/year could be
saved (IEA, ‘08).
Renewable Energy
About 2.3 million jobs in
renewable energy sector
in comparison to 2 m
employed in oil & gas
refining industry in ’99.
Projected investments of
US$ 630b in renewable
energy sector by 2030
would translate into at
least 20 m jobs.
Renewable energy: case study
China: RE sector generates
output worth US $ 17 bill &
employs 1 mill.
Nigeria: a biofuels industry
based on casava & sugar can
provide 200,000 jobs
India: 900,00 jobs could be
created in the biomass
gasification by 2025
Bangladesh: At least 20,000
jobs have been created with
the uptake of 3 renewable
energy technologies (PV
solar home systems biogas
facilities, & improved
cooking stoves)
Water
●Market for water
supply, sanitation,&
water efficiency
estimated at US$ 253
bn & is expected to
grow to US$ 658 bn by
2020.
● Estimated Investment
of USD 15 bn per
annum.
● This could generate
USD 38 billion (with 15
bn in sub-Saharan
Africa).
Sustainable Agriculture
 Organic agriculture sustains
health of soils, ecosystems &
people
 Provides more than 30%
more jobs/ha than nonorganic
China has increased its
allocation of land for organic
prod from 300,000 ha in ‘05
to 3.5 mill ha in ’06
In Ethiopia alone, 6 bn is
being invested in land
management during a period
of 15 years.
Forests
Many communities directly
depend for their livelihoods
on non timber forest products.
Sustainable forest
management can:
 create massive employment,
provide for livelihoods,
 make a significant contribution
to the fight against climate
change,
 combat desertification and
land degradation.
Engaging Global Policy Processes
Green economy presence at strategic policy junctures:
 Sessions of the Commission on Sustainable Development
 UN Conference on the World Financial and Economic and its
Impact on Development in New York (June 2009)
 G8 Summit 2009 in Italy (July 2009)
 ECOSOC Substantive Session in Geneva (July 2009)
 World Climate Conference 3 in Geneva (August-September
2009)
 Global Renewable Energy Forum in Mexico (October 2009)
 UNEP Finance Initiative 2009 Global Roundtable in Cape Town
(October 2009)
 UNFCCC COP 15 and Kyoto Protocol MOP 5in Copenhagen
(December 2009)
 International Association for Impact Assessment 2010 meeting
in Geneva (April 2010) among other targeted events. Ect…
Fostering a Global Consensus on
Green Economy
 Engaging governments on an global
policy document on Green Economy,
modelled on the “IPCC Synthesis
Report”
 Objective of adoption of the policy
document at the UNEP Governing
Council/Global Ministerial Environment
Forum in 2011
Supporting Regional Initiatives
on Green Economy
 Regional initiative for “East Asia Low
Carbon Green Growth”
 Regional initiative on Green Economy in
West Asia, in collaboration with UNEP
ROWA
 Regional Imitative on Green Economy in
Africa, in collaboration with UNEP
ROWA
Country Technical Assistance and
Advisory Services
 Korea: UNEP is organizing an
independent review of “Korea Green
Growth National Vision”.
 China: UNEP has received a proposal
from the Government to support policy
research that would feed into China’s
national five-year plan.
 Uruguay: The Government has
requested UNEP support in undertaking
a green economy initiative.
Two “Green Economy” leaders ….
 Korea
Mexico
 “Green Fund”
 combined gov’t/biz vision
and implementation
 cogeneration
 will announce goals for
2012. Going for
 stats and research-backed
policy change…
 they have own ‘Stern
Review’ (3x cheaper now
vs later)…
 “Green Agenda” as
growth driver…
07.05.2017
48
 President’s “Green
Growth National Vision”
of August ‘08
 Jan’09 “Green New Deal”
 Significant “Green”
components of Fiscal
Stimulus Package..
 …..700,000 of 1 mio new
jobs
 …..$ 28 billion / $ 36
billion total
 Cleaning 4 main rivers,
Reforestation,
Renewables, Buildings…
UNEP ETB
A new Engine for the Economy ?
07.05.2017
49
UNEP ETB
More Information
UNEP Green Economy Website
http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/