Download Building Planning and Drawing

Building Planning
and Drawing
Divya N
Assistant Professor
ACED
Contents
O Introduction to building drawing
O Requirements of a good drawing
O Conventional Signs
O Plan, Section and Elevation
O Components of a building
O Foundation
Building Drawing
O Drawing is the language of engineers. An engineer
must be well versed with drawings. Drawings
represent the reduced shape of a structure.
O Drawings are prepared as per the requirements of
owner.
O In case of public buildings, the functional aspects are
studied and accordingly the drawings are prepared
as per recommendations laid down in National
Building Code (N.B.C) or as per Indian Standard
specifications.
Requirements for a good
drawing
O Drawing should be clear, simple and clean.
O Should agree with the actual measurements by the
accurately drawn scaled measurements.
O Exact information should be provided in order to carry
out the work at site.
O Only minimum notes to support the drawings should be
indicated in the drawings.
O Sufficient space should be provided between the views
so as to mark the dimensions without crowding.
Conventional Signs
Plan
O Plan of building represents a horizontal section
of building at given height seen from top.
O It is a general convention to imagine that the
building has been cut down by a horizontal plane
at the sill level of the window and is seen from
the top after removal of the so cut part.
O The plan shows the arrangement of rooms,
verandah or corridor, position of door, and
window and other openings along with their
respective sizes.
Section
O Section is also known as vertical section and
sectional elevation or cross section.
O It is imagined that a finished buildings is cut
vertically along a line so that the building is
separated into two portions along the imagined
vertical plane right from top of the building to the
lowest part of foundation.
O The view that can be seen while travelling along this
imaginary vertical plane when looking towards left is
drawn to the same scale as that adopted for the plan.
Elevation
O Elevation or front view is the outward view of a
completed building along any side of the
building.
O When a building is seen by standing in front of it,
the view that can be viewed is known as front
elevation.
O Similarly backside view is called rear elevation or
from any side of it which is known as side
elevation.
Components of a Building
O Sub-structure
O Also called foundation, consists of the footing
below the ground level
O Super-structure
O Consists of all parts of a building above the
ground level
O Walls, roofs, floors, columns, building
finishes, lifts/stairs, electrical fittings, doors,
windows etc
Foundation
O The component of a building below the ground level that
distributes the structural load over a large area is called the
Foundation.
O The depth of the foundation is the vertical height below ground
level up to the bottom of the concrete bed.
O The depth of the foundation depends upon:
O Bearing capacity
O Shrinkage and swelling properties of soil
O Depth of water-table
O Depth of frost penetration
O As per NBC depth of foundation shall not be less than 500mm.
Note 1
The basic function of a foundation is to transmit
the dead loads, live loads and other loads to the
subsoil on which it rests in such a way that:
(a) settlements are within permissible limits,
without causing cracks in the super-structure and
(b) soil does not fail in shear
Since it remains below the ground level, the signs
of failure are not noticeable until it has already
affected the building. It should therefore be
designed very carefully.
Note 2
O Plinth is the portion of the structure between the
surrounding ground level and the surface of the
floor level immediately above the ground.
O The level of the plinth is usually called as “plinth
level” and the built up area at the floor level is
known as “plinth area”.
O The plinth height in any case shall not be less
than 450mm.
Types of Foundation
O Shallow foundations
O Spread Footing
O Wall footing
O Reinforced Concrete footing
O Inverted Arch footing
O Column footing
O Grillage Foundation
O Eccentrically Loaded footings
O Combined footings
O Mat or Raft foundation
O Deep foundations
O Pile
O Cofferdams
O Caisson
Isolated Footing
Isolated RCC footing
RCC Column Footing
Comparison: Stepped Footing
and Simple Footing for a
column
RCC Column footings:
At site: for representation purpose only
At site:
O Draw the stepped footing for a brick wall of
400 mm thickness. The specifications of the
footing will be given.
O Draw the isolated column footing which has
reinforcement.