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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION
Federal public independent educational institution
higher education
THE NATIONAL RESEARCH
TOMSK POLYTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Institute/faculty - Institute of natural resources
Direction - Management
Chair - Economies of natural resources
PAPER
Formation of power efficient strategy
at the rate of "Resource efficiency at the Oil and Gas Enterprise"
Students gr.2e3a
__________ __________ I. S. Ostranitsyn
__________ __________ N. A. Rodionova
__________ __________ S. S. Tugutova
Signature I.O. Familiya's
The assistant to EPR chair
checked
Date
_________ _________ E.M. Vershkova
Tomsk - 2015
Table of contents
Introduction. ................................................................................................ 3
Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of a resource efiiciency.............................. 4
Chapter 2. Resource requirements of the oil and gas enterprise................. 7
Chapter 3. Actions for increase of effectiveness of use of energy resources
............................................................................................................................. 11
Conclusion................................................................................................. 19
List of references ....................................................................................... 20
2
Introduction.
Problems of an efficient resources consumption always were rather actual.
Reduction of resource intensity of GDP and primary branches of a national
economy is among the most important strategic problems of Russia which on
level of consumption of resources by 2-3 times exceeds the leading countries of
the world. Especially the question of an efficient resources consumption is
particularly acute for domestic oil and gas branch since this sector of economy
providing 10-12% of world oil production is one of the most larger consumers
of primary resources.
Questions of effective management of resources of the enterprises are not
new. Results of their activity in many respects depend on rational and
reasonable use of all types of resources of the enterprises. Effectiveness of use
of resources traditionally is understood as an optimum ratio between results and
costs of their achievement when at minimum expenses of resources the greatest
result (effect) is provided.
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Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of a resource efiiciency
Resources consumption – the physical quantity reflecting quantity of the
resource of particular type consumed by the economic subject which is used for
calculation of efficiency factors.
Rational use of resources – use of resources providing the maximal
achievement of effectiveness at the existing level of development of technique
and technology.
Economy of resources – comparative comparison to a base-line value of
reduction of consumption of resources on production (works) of the established
quality.
Effective use of resources – achievement of economically justified
effectiveness of use of resources at the existing development of technology and
technology.
Resource-saving – realization of the legal, scientific, production, technical
and economic measures directed on effective use of resources and on
involvement in economic circulation of renewables.
Resource management – a control system of resources of the enterprise
according to particular strategy.
Balance of resources – the system of indexes reflecting the complete
quantitative compliance between arrival and an expense (including losses and
oddments) resources on the enterprise or its division.
These terms represent a peculiar glossary which legibly differentiates the
concepts used in system of strategic resource management.
It is not necessary to identify the concepts "resource efficiency" and
"resource-saving". First much wider. If resource-saving unambiguously assumes
measures for economy of all types of production resources, the resource
efficiency aims at achievement of optimum ratios between expenses and results.
It means that within strategy realization cumulative costs of the resources
involved in production can not only be reduced, but also increase.
Procedures of formation of resource efficient strategy in oil corporation
4
have to consider all factors of direct and indirect influence affecting on
functioning of oil and gas extraction structures. Factors of direct influence have
immediate impact on the enterprise (1 level), the factors making the mediated
impact fall into to the environment of indirect influence (the second level).
It is necessary to carry to factors of direct influence (the first level), first
of all, suppliers of raw material and financial resources, and also information
that is very significant since costs of the enterprise of the acquired resources
depend on conditions of deliveries of resources.
Consumers – also the major factor for the enterprises since in interaction
with them the market of production is formed. Consumers of fuel and energy
resources pay attention to quality and the price of the made goods.
Competitors – the most dynamic factor of direct influence of environment.
As object of the competition in oil and gas branch the material and financial
resources, the capital, the right to use innovations act. A special place began to
take competitive positions on expenses recently.
Contact audiences also fall into to external factors which can make
decisive impact on strategy formation, in our example, an efficient resources
consumption. Contact audiences can form public opinion concerning resourcesaving projects, form image of the company. This relation of society, the
population, contractors, i.e. everything, interested in successful realization of
strategy. Negative attitude of contact audience to the planned strategic
objectives can lead to strategy rejection, not achievement of the planned
purposes.
State and political, economic, technology and social factors belong to
factors of the environment of indirect influence. The most significant of
economic factors is an inflation, taxes, level of interest rates on the capital,
existence of working hands with a necessary skill level.
After an assessment of influence of external factors it is necessary to
analyse in details factors of the internal environment and, first of all, the
available resource capacity of the enterprise and extent of its effective use (fig.
5
1).
Besides research of the resource block of oil and gas extraction structure
the condition of a control system of resources has to be without fail analysed
(function box). The unsatisfactory condition of system of management of
resources can lead to emergence of problem situations and complicate
implementation of the administrative decisions directed on economy of all types
of resources.
Internal factors
The administrative
The production
The market
insufficiently qualitatively
organized system of the
accounting of resources
outdated and worn-out
funds
dependence on
suppliers of
resources
high resource-and energy
consumption
high level of risk at
introduction of resource
efficient of projects
low competitiveness
congestion objects of
infrastructure
low labor productivity
lack of reliable
regulatory base for an
assessment of level of
expenses of resources
qualitative condition of
stocks
unsatisfactory
management of
production expenses
absence of progressive
resource-saving technologies
Figure 1 - A factor set of the internal environment, complicating
introduction of resource efficient strategy.
6
Chapter 2. Resource requirements of the oil and gas enterprise.
The oil sector of economy traditionally differs in the increased resource
intensity. Thus different types of resources of both renewable, and irreplaceable
(disappearing) are consumed. At the same time any kinds of primary or natural
resources are not infinite. In the course of their use (in technological or social
spheres) they are significantly transformed.
Such types of resources as the earth, water, air, though significantly
worsen the properties in the course of use, but come back to process of a circuit
that allows to carry them to the category of the renewable. Other situation is
observed concerning fuel and materials which in the course of consumption are
completely excluded from a circuit that allows to refer them to irreplaceable, i.e.
disappearing category.
Classification of types of the resources consumed in oil and gas
production is given in Figure 2.
Land
Fuel(naptha,
gas)
RESOURCES
Materials
Air
Energy
Irreplaceable (disappearing)
Renewable
Water
CONSUMPTION
Production sphere
Social needs
Figure 2 - Kinds of primary resources
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Now questions power - and steel resource-saving especially actual
practically in all industries. Are not an exception and the enterprises of fuel and
energy complex which are engaged in production, preparation, transport and
petroleum refining and gas. The oil and gas extraction enterprises (OGE) are
compelled to develop and introduce the whole complexes of energy saving
actions. The energy audit of all technological processes for the purpose of
definition of links where effectiveness of use of energy resources is
insufficiently high is carried out and there is a potential for saving.
The structure of electricity consumption by the oil and gas extraction
enterprise is given in figure 3. The most power-intensive technological process
on all OGPE(oil-and-gas production enterprise) is the mechanized oil production
by well pumps – to 55... 62% of the common electricity consumption [1].
Among oil-extracting wells the main way of operation is use of electroimpeller
pumps (ETsN). Over 54% of all well stock in the Russian Federation are
operated by ETsN, thus from these wells about 75% of all extracted naphtha [2]
are taken. Therefore optimization of technological processes of the mechanized
oil production by means of ETsN can give the considerable effect of energy
saving for the enterprise in general.
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Well pumps
1.20% 2.30%
1.30%
0.20%
System PPD
10%
Field pumping oil
Gas сompression
6.70%
22.10%
56.20%
Field pumping gas
Intake
Other industrial
needs
Administrative
management costs
Figure 3 - Structure of electricity consumption by various
technological processes on OGPE
The well mechanized oil production is the most power-intensive
technological process on OGPE and consequently possesses the greatest
potential for introduction of optimizing energy saving actions. World
consumption of naphtha and gas for the last 20-30 years makes 65-70 billion t.
that in 5 times more, than for all previous history of development of oil and gas
branch. For ensuring this production expenses of all types of resources
significantly increase. In particular, in the world over 1 million wells is
operated, more than 10 billion m3/year of water are spent, the drilled wells and
trade objects occupy 2-3 million hectares of the earth, 200-250 t of metal and
other materials are spent for construction.
Expenses of fuel and energy resources in oil and gas extraction branch are
very high.
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When developing resource efficient strategy it is necessary to consider
global tendencies, in particular, a long-term tendency of a world power
engineering is an orientation on energy saving.
Because in the next 3-5 years it is necessary to expect the significant
increase in the prices, and also deficiency of the electric power, to the
production enterprises, including oil corporations, it is necessary to pay close
attention to application of energy saving technologies in the activity, differently
resource intensity of oil and gas sector will still increase.
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Chapter 3. Actions for increase of effectiveness of use of energy
resources
At this stage of development petro - gas industry there are set of
problems, bound to a power consumption:
1. A moral and physical wear, conducts to the considerable repair
expenses, decrease in reliability of power supply and increase in losses of
energy resources
2. There is a high dependence on body height of tariffs of natural
monopolies
3. The outdated (overestimated) standards of projection of power
infrastructure and a method of calculation of need for energy resources and
estimates of economic effect of the program of energy saving
4. In structure of cost of oil production since 1980 there is a body height
of costs of the electric power at decrease in costs of inventory and a wages fund.
So, now 30-35% of cost of oil production are the share of the electric power.
80
70
60
50
energy
40
equipment
30
salary
20
10
0
1980
2000
2010
2020
Figure 4 - Structure of cost of oil production (%)
It is necessary to develop the comprehensive program of energy efficiency
for the direction of exploration and production of the oil and gas companies of
the Russian Federation.
Comprehensive program of increase of energy efficiency
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1. Investment projects:
• Development of characteristic oscillation;
• Modernization of inventory (Development of characteristic generating
capacities on incidentally petroleum gas, Modernization of inventory of systems
of power supply and pump stations).
2. Expeditious actions:
• Technical actions;
• Organizational actions (Optimization of duties of inventory, Selection of
UENTs taking into account energy efficiency parmetr, Use of the frequenciest
converters, Reduction of losses in power supply networks).
3. Energy saving cultural development
• Development of system of the account and monitoring of consumption;
• Systems of motivation of the personnel (Gradual introduction of the
unit-by-unit accounting of energy consumption; Creation of system of
monitoring of specific electricity consumption; Introduction of programs and
motivation of the personnel taking into account indexes of energy efficiency).
4. Introduction of new techniques and technologies
• Use of the modern inventory;
• Innovative development (Development of power efficient processing
equipment; Introduction of new technologies; Adaptation of the existing modern
technologies)
Also participant of the program should pay special attention and their
functions.
Participant
Main objective
Qualification
Engaging
Project
 Approval of the plan and tasks
 Heads
control
of the project;
director of the company;
following
board.
 Statement of results of the
 Directors.
results of the
Managing Meetings
the
project;
main stages of
 Motivation of employees of the
the project.
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project.
 Rendering the expert help to the  Directors;
Technical
of working group in search of ideas  Experts
council
the project.
Weekly
the meetings,
in
considered directions of Experts in the
and development of actions;
 The statement / a reasonable increase effectiveness.
directions – 10-
deviation
20%
of
the
developed
operating
actions;
 Approval
of
of
schedules
Time.
of
introduction of actions;
 Approval of plans for key
efficiency factors.
 Calculation of potential of • The most fissile staff of 50-100%
Working
group of the increase
division has to possess operating
project
 energy efficiency;
(WG).
 Search and oscillation of ideas of the direction of the
competences on the main Time.
in energy efficiency increase;
 Calculation
of
of
project.
optimizing
actions;
 Coordination of indexes of
actions.
The project  Scheduling of the working  The
manager
from
group;
linear
unit 20-40%
operating
manager;
the  Organization and monitoring  Leadership skills;
enterprise.
of work of WG;
of
Time.
 Complex professional
 Organization of meetings on knowledge.
the project.
Team of the 
consultant.
Methodological support at all  Knowledge of tools of 100%
stages of the project;

the
analysis
of
and operating time.
Monitoring of the working oscillation of ideas;
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group (it is collateral in the project  Knowledge of bases of
manager from the enterprise);

Preparation
of
generalizing materials.
technology;
the  Knowledge
of
the
principles of calculation
of optimizing actions.
Table 1 - Participants of the program of increase of energy efficiency:
tasks and forms of participation
Power management
Prerequisites of introduction of system of power management
The processes directed on energy efficiency increase:
1. Development of actions for energy efficiency increase
2. Monitoring of realization and receiving economic effect of actions
3. Distribution of the best the practician in the field of energy
efficiency
4. Motivation on energy efficiency increase
Standard problems:
1. There is no uniform approach to calculation of actions
2. The majority of the developed actions for process of mechanical
production for successful realization demand changes in process of
selection of submersible inventory
3. The emphasis is placed on realization and achievement of
calculated effect, but not a target specific index
Conceptual scheme of system of power management
Key processes of power management allow:
1. To carry out continuous increase of energy efficiency of operating
activities
2. To increase the potential of increase of energy efficiency at the
expense of a development of new technologies and unification the
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practician
3. To support system of power management and to motivate
participants on realization of processes of system
Figure 5 Scheme of System of Power Management
Organizational technical solutions necessary for introduction of system of
power management
• Concentration of responsibility for energy efficiency: the statement of
responsible division at the level of the Company; the statement of responsible
division at the level of DZO.
• Fixing to the Corporate center of a role of the mentor in the course of
increase of energy efficiency of increase of energy efficiency: coordination of
work of DZO, centralization of key competences, training of DZO in the best
practicians
• Organization of training of employees in elements of system of power
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management: tutoring of all involved employees for comprehension them the
role in system; tutoring responsible for processes to analytical techniques and
forms of account
• Development of systems of the technical accounting of electricity
consumption: operational analysis of consumers, "problem" from the point of
view of energy efficiency, or groups of consumers; simplification of process of
development of offers on energy efficiency increase; upgrading of monitoring of
effect and component analysis
• Automation of process of selection and the analysis of inventory taking
into account energy efficiency: the software product allowing to select a
necessary set of inventory taking into account requirements of maximum
economic efficiency; the software product allowing to carry out monitoring of
energy efficiency of work of submersible inventory in real time; the software
product for check of energy efficiency of vulgar inventory and a decision
making on energy efficiency increase
Interaction of the region and koporation at implementation of the program
Success of implementation of programs of a resource efficiency in many
respects depends on their appeal to steadily functioning business, in particular,
for the large oil companies. For example, private structures can create the firms
rendering the services in the sphere of energy saving offering to the enterprises
and the organizations the modern resource-saving technologies. I.e. it is about
integration between oil and gas corporations and independent business, about
creation of a peculiar tendem. The part of such implementation centers can be
assigned to the enterprises of small and medium business introducing business
projects in the field of a resource efficiency and resource-saving.
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Upgrading of
life of the
population
Economic efficiency
of functioning of
regional economy
Economic security
of the territory
Implementation of power efficient projects
Oil corporations
Bodies of the regional power
• Introduction characteristic resource
• Formation of the favorable tax
efficient technologies
environment
• Creation of services management
• Inducing of creation of business
resource
incubators
Centers of a regional resource efficiency
• Coordination of interests of the oil
companies and region
• Preparation of the project of interaction at
implementation of specific programs
• Monitoring of realization of the rights and
obligations of the parties of the agreement
Figure 6 - Interaction of participants of the program
In fig. 6 process of interaction of participants the resource efficient
projects where the important part is assigned to the regional centers of a
resource efficiency offered to introduction in which activity the public forming a
public response concerning resource-saving initiatives, and also representatives
of the regional authorities can share is presented.
Morally – ethical management.
Rather recent trend, in our opinion, application of norms of moral and
ethical management in the sphere of resource efficient
technologies is.
Unfortunately, cases of the conclusion of voluntary agreements between the
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state and the oil companies implementing resource-saving projects are rather
rare. At the same time participation in such programs can create the favorable
image of the company not only within the country, but also at the international
level when the enterprises of oil and gas extraction branch participate in the
projects directed on careful the relations to resources, but not on their
unsystematic expenditure. These agreements can promote ensuring loyalty of the
companies in relation to the state of the state, but demand understanding of all
measure of social social responsibility in case of non-execution of the declared
reference points provided in programs.
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Conclusion
Achievement of economically justified effectiveness of use of resources
of oil corporation at the existing level of development of technique and
technologies and keepings of requirements to environmental protection will
allow to provide restructuring of oil and gas extraction branch. In the course of
the executed researches the directions of strategy of an efficient resources
consumption in oil sector were defined:
1. Exclusively high rates resource-and power consumption of the Russian
economy and the predicted their further increase testify to a scratch of transition
to the power dominating path of development a withdrawal from which is
possible on the basis of carrying out targeted resource-saving policy in
strategically important oil sector.
2. Development of oil-extracting production demands express strategy of
a resources consumption within which effective use of resources can be
provided on the basis of innovative technologies which realization will demand
join of efforts of the state, regional authorities, the oil companies and
development of the mechanism of the achievement of goals including forms and
methods of inducing of introduction of resource-saving projects.
At the enterprises the complex resource-saving projects providing
optimization of consumption of all types of resources have to be developed and
implemented. Thus, practice of domestic management has to include strongly
concept of resource efficient strategy that will allow to provide in the long term
transfer of the Russian economy from the resource efficient
scenario on
resource-saving and innovative.
19
List of references
1. Ивановский В.Н.Энергетика добычи нефти: основные направления
оптимизации энергопотребления [Текст] / В.Н. Ивановский // Инженерная
практика. – 2011. – No 6. – С. 18–26.
2. Маркетинговое исследование рынка установок штанговых
глубинных насосов (УШГН). Аналитический отчет. Research.Techart. 2010
[Электронный ресурс]. – URL: http://www.techart.ru/files/research/walkingbeam-pumping-unit.pdf.
3.
Андронова
И.В. Стратегическое
управление
эффективным
ресурсопотреблением // Российское предпринимательство. — 2006. — № 9
(81). — c. 46-49. — http://old.creativeconomy.ru/articles/7634/
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