Download this PowerPoint - Mr. Hunsaker`s Classes

Learning Objectives
• How do psychologists define stress?
• What kinds of events and situations can
cause stress?
• How can stress affect physiological and
psychological health?
Stress
TPS (Think, Pair, Share)
You have 2-3 minutes to do the following
with a partner:
• Think of a job, or work situation (chores,
babysitting, community work) you’ve
done that was stressful.
• What was it about the work or job that
made it stressful?
• What occupation do you think would be
the most stressful and why?
Stress
• Stress - the process by which we
perceive and respond to certain events,
called stressors, that we appraise as
threatening or challenging.
Stress
• Stressors - events that cause a stress
reaction.
–External
–Internal
Stress
• Perception plays a significant role in
stress
– Threat
– Opportunity
Stress
What kind of events and situations can
cause stress?
• Any life event that requires people to
change or adapt
Stress
• Distress - the effect of unpleasant and
undesirable stressors.
Stress
• Eustress - the effect of positive events,
or the optimal amount of stress that
people need to promote health and
well-being.
Stress
• Major Life Events - cause stress by
requiring adjustment.
– Catastrophe - an unpredictable, largescale event that creates a tremendous
need to adapt and adjust as well as
overwhelming feelings of threat.
Stress
• Major Life Events - cause stress by
requiring adjustment.
– Hassles – the daily annoyances of
everyday life
– The bulk of stress experienced on a
daily basis from little frustrations,
delays, disagreements and annoyances
Stress
• Stress Assessment
– Social Readjustment Rating Scale
(SRRS) - assessment that measures the
amount of stress in a person's life over a
one-year period resulting from major life
events.
– College Undergraduate Stress Scale
(CUSS) - assessment that measures the
amount of stress in a college student's life
over a one-year period resulting from
major life events.
LO 15.1 Two modern ways to treat psychological disorders
LO 15.1 Two modern ways to treat psychological disorders
Stress
College Undergraduate Stress Scale
• Scores of 150 or below are not associated
with significant problems
• 150 – 199 mild life crisis with 33%
increased risk of illness or accident
• 200 – 299 moderate life crisis with 50%
increased risk of illness or accident
• 300 and above major life crisis with 80%
increased risk of illness or accident
Stress Response
• Autonomic nervous system consists of:
– Sympathetic system - responds to stressful
events
– Parasympathetic system - restores the body
to normal functioning after the stress has
ceased.
Stress Response
• Fight or Flight
– Stress activates the sympathetic nervous
system, preparing the body for action.
• Hans Selye named the response to
stress:
General Adaptive Syndrome (GAS)
Stress Response
General Adaptive Syndrome
Stress Response
• The “Flight” response to stress may
include:
– Withdrawal
– Pulling back
– Paralysis
– Seek and/or give support
Stress
and
Illness
Stress and the Immune System
• Immune system - the system of cells,
organs, and chemicals of the body that
responds to attacks from diseases,
infections, and injuries.
– Negatively affected by stress.
• Lymphocytes – two types of white
blood cells that are part of the body’s
immune system
Stress and the Immune System
Stressed people are more vulnerable to
colds
Stress and the Immune System
Stressed people are more vulnerable to
coronary heart disease.
Personality also plays a role:
• Type “A” people, those who are
competitive, hard-driving, impatient,
verbally aggressive and anger-prone,
are more at risk than Type “B” people.
Stress and the Immune System
Stressed people are more vulnerable to
coronary heart disease.
Stress and the Immune System
Stressed people are more vulnerable to
coronary heart disease.
Personality also plays a role:
• Pessimists are more at risk than
optimists.
Stress and the Immune System
Stressed people are more vulnerable to
coronary heart disease.
Stress and the Immune System
Stressed people are more vulnerable to
coronary heart disease.
Personality also plays a role:
• Depression increases the risk of death
by unnatural causes and heart disease.
Stress and the Immune System
Stressed people are more vulnerable to
coronary heart disease.
Stress Reduction
• People with religious beliefs also have
been found to cope better with stressful
events.
Stress Reduction
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Exercise
Social activities
Getting enough sleep
Eating healthy foods
Having fun
Managing one's time
Practicing good coping skills