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Chapter 9 Question 4 a. A file server device operates on individual files and is shared on each computer on the LAN using it. A database server is instead a central server designed to perform all operations on the data in the database itself, including access, storage, logic, and security. A three-tier architecture includes another server tasked with a different function, often the application that both the database server and clients interact with. b. Client/server computing distributes tasks involved in an application among specialized systems, usually on different computers that can be designed or tuned to their separate tasks. A mainframe computer may be very powerful but is not specialized as it will house the entirety of important and complex applications, and also run all tasks for a given application instead of delegating. c. A fat client application on the client system is responsible for the bulk of presentation, application, and even some DBMS logic functions, leaving comparatively little to the server side of the process. A thin client will handle much less, often just the presentation logic and maybe some application logic, and leaves most of the processing up to the server. d. ODBC, the Open Database Connectivity standard, is an API for applications to be able to access and process databases using SQL regardless of the RDBMS being used, and is language independent. JDBC, the Java Database Connectivity API is similar in design and principle to the ODBC, but is designed specifically for the Java programming language. Question 6 Moving the database management system to a separate server can give performance gains to the actual application, and even the management software, as the server can be given more power for its specific task and the most unrelated processing jobs are given their own space to run. This isn’t necessarily an ideal situation very small databases as no tangible benefits may be gained from a system running the entire application and database without trouble. Question 7 Adding another layer to the client/server model in the form of another server can further aid the performance and flexibility of the system. This server may house the application and allow a very thin client implementation on the client system, or provide space for a related but different type of database and lighten the load on the current server. Again, the scalability of this model may not work for personal, departmental, or otherwise small database applications and may just drain resources while gaining no performance. Usually, though, abstracting out different types of job to different servers, locations, and resources can increase the performance and stability of the system over all.