Download Chapter 22 - Medical Assisting SPSCC

Chapter 22
Infection Control for Medical Asepsis
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Impact of Infectious Diseases
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Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch
Antibiotics and vaccines
Edward Jenner
Epidemiology
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Impact of Infectious Diseases
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Infection control and prevention
Resistant microorganisms
Bloodborne pathogen transmission
Increased immunosuppressed populations
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Impact of Infectious Diseases
• Global access
• Effect infectious diseases have on lifestyles
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The Process of Infection
• Caused by pathogenic microorganisms
capable of causing disease
• Normal flora
• Similar steps occur in all infectious diseases
• Apply theory of disease growth and
transmission
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chain of Infection
• Infection Agents
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Viruses
Bacteria
Parasites
Rickettsiae
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chain of Infection
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Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Means of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The Body’s Defense Mechanisms for
Fighting Infection and Disease
• Inflammatory response
– Steps to inflammatory process
• The immune system and immunity
• The body’s natural barriers
• Immunization
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Stages of Infectious Diseases
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Incubation stage
Prodromal stage
Acute stage
Declining stage
Convalescent stage
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
AIDS and Hepatitis B, C
• AIDS
• Acute viral hepatitis diseases
– Symptoms of hepatitis B, C
• Transmission of HIV and HBV, HCV
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Reporting Infectious Diseases
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Standard Precautions
• Standard precautions
• Transmission-based
precautions
– Blood and body fluids
– Personal protective
equipment
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Standard Precautions
• Transmission-based
precautions
– Needlesticks
– Disposal of infectious
wastes
– Education institutions and
standard precautions
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
OSHA
• The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
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Blood and other potentially infectious material (OPIM)
Bloodborne pathogens
Exposure determination
Plan to control exposure
Methods of compliance to prevent exposure
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
OSHA
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Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
OSHA
• OSHA regulations and students
– Avoiding exposure to bloodborne pathogens
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Medical Asepsis
• Hand washing
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Medical Asepsis
• Sanitization >>
• Disinfection
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Removing Contaminated Gloves
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Bioterrorism
• Agents
• Transmission
• Vaccine availability and treatment
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.