Download Lower Limb Muscles: Gluteal region (superficial

Lower Limb Muscles:
Gluteal region (superficial group)
Gluteus maximus
Origin: 1. Iliac crest 2. Sacrum 3. Coccyx 4. Sacrotuberous ligament (off the inferior corner of the sacrum) and the
fascia overing the gluteus medius
Insertion: Iliotibial band/tract (can’t palpate) and gluteal tuberosity of the femur
Function: (5) 1. Extension of thigh @ hip joint MAIN
2. Abduction of thigh @ hip joint (upper 1/3)
3. Adduction of thigh @ hip joint (lower 2/3)
4. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint MAIN
5. Helps lock knee in extension (IT band)
Nerve: Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius
Origin: External surface of ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of the femur
Function: (5) 1. Abduction of thigh @ hip joint (entire muscle) MAIN
2. Flexion of thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibers)
3. Medial rotation of thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibers)
4. Extension of thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibers)
5. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibers)
Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus
Origin: Gluteal surface of ilium; between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Insertion: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of the femur
Function: (5) 1. Abduction of thigh @ hip joint (entire muscle)
2. Flexion of thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibers)
3. Medial rotation of thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibers)
4. Extension of thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibers)
5. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibers)
Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
Tensor fascia lata/Tensor fasciae latae
Origin: Anterior iliac crest
Insertion: Tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle) via ITB (ITT) (1/3 of the way down the thigh)
Function: (5) 1. Flexion of thigh @ hip joint
2. Abduction of thigh @ hip joint
3. Medial rotation of thigh @ hip joint
4. Lateral rotation of leg @ knee joint
5. Helps lock knee in extension (IT band)
Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteal region (deep)
Piriformis
Origin: Anterior sacrum
Insertion: Superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur
Function: (2) 1. Horizontal abduction of thigh @ hip joint
2. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint (when hip is extended) MAIN
Nerve: Nerve to piriformis (from sacral plexus)
Superior gemellus
Origin: Ischial spine
Insertion: Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
Function: (2) 1. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint
2. Horizontal abduction of thigh @ hip joint
Nerve: Nerve to obturator internus (from sacral plexus)
Obturator internus
Origin: Inner surface of the obturator membrane
Insertion: Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
Function: (2) 1. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint
2. Horizontal abduction of thigh @ hip joint
Nerve: Nerve to orburator internus (from sacral plexus)
Inferior gemellus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity (just below ischial spine)
Insertion: Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
Function: (2) 1. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint
2. Horizontal abduction of thigh @ hip join
Nerve: Nerve to quadratus femoris (from sacral plexus)
Quadratus femoris
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Quadrate tubercle of femur (just below trochanteric fossa)
Function: (2) 1. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint
2. Adduction of thigh @ hip joint
Nerve: Nerve to quadratus femoris (from sacral plexus)
Obturator externus
Origin: Outer surface of the obturator membrane
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of femur (just below greater trochanter)
Function: (2) 1. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint
2. Adduction of thigh @ hip joint
Nerve: Obturator nerve
Posterior Compartment of Thigh
Biceps femoris
Origin: 1. Long head: Lateral ischial tuberosity
2. Short head: Linea aspera of the femur
Insertion: Head of fibula and the lateral condyle of the tibia
Function: (3) 1. Flexion of leg @ knee joint (entire muscle)
2. Extension of thigh @ hip joint (long head)
3. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint (when knee is flexed)
Nerve: Tibial nerve (long head) and common peroneal/fibular nerve (short head)
Semitendinosus
Origin: Medial ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Proximal part of the medial surface of the shaft of the tibia “PAM” (forms pes anserine tendon)
Function: (3) 1. Flexion of leg @ knee joint MAIN
2. Extension of thigh @ hip joint MAIN
3. Medial rotation of leg @ knee joint (when knee is flexed)
(4. Posterior tilt of pelvis @ hip joint)
Nerve: Tibial nerve
Semimembranosus
Origin: Medial ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of posterior tibia
Function: (3) 1. Flexion of leg @ knee joint
2. Extension of thigh @ hip joint
3. Medial rotation of leg @ knee joint (when knee is flexed)
Nerve: Tibial nerve
Anterior Compartment of Thigh
Sartorius
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion: Proximal part of the medial surface of the shaft of the tibia “PAM” (forms pes anserine tendon)
Function: (5) 1. Flexion of thigh @ hip joint MAIN
2. Abduction of thigh @ hip joint MAIN
3. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint MAIN
4. Flexion of leg @ knee joint
5. Medial rotation of leg @ knee joint
Nerve: Femoral nerve
Quadriceps Femoris
Rectus femoris
Origin: 1. Straight head: AIIS
2. Reflected head: Groove above the brim of acetabulum
Insertion: Base of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament/tendon
Function: (2) 1. Extension of leg @ knee joint
2. Flexion of thigh @ hip joint
Nerve: Femoral nerve
Vastus lateralis
Origin: 1. Intertrochanteric line on the lateral side
2. Gluteal tuberosity AKA “lateral lip of the linea aspera”
3. Lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion: Lateral border of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar
ligament/tendon
Function: (1) 1. Extension of leg @ knee joint
Nerve: Femoral nerve