Download Electric Power Grid

Electric Power Grid
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A turbogenerator - nonlinear, non-stationary, fast acting,
MIMO device, wide range of operating conditions and
dynamic characteristics.
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Conventional AVRs, PSSs and turbine governors
• linearized power system model
• one operating point (OP).
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At any other Ops
• generator performance degrades
• undesirable operating states.
Load angle in degrees
Load Angle Response for an Inductive Load Addition at bus 7
for P = 0.3 pu & Q = 0 pu
35
30
25
Load angle in degrees
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
CONV-CONV
CONV-PSS_CONV
DHP-CONV
DHP-DHP
18
19
20
Time in seconds – Alternator #2
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
F ACTS ar e us ed for t he dynamic
contr ol of v olt age impedance and phase
angle of high voltage AC lines.
The benefit s of ut ilizing FA CTS dev ices
in elect rical t ransmission sys tems are
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10
15
20
Time in seconds – Alternator #1
25
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B et ter ut ilization of ex isting
tr ans mis sion syst em ass ets.
Incr eas ed tr ans miss ion system
reliability and availab ility.
Incr eas ed dynamic and t rans ient grid
st ab ility and r educt ion of loop flows .
Incr eas ed quality of supply for
sens itive indust ries.
Env ironmental benefits .
NEW ENGLAND POWER SYSTEM
Flexible AC Transmission Systems
Tech nical Benefit s of FACTS :
FACTS
Load Flow
Control
Voltage
Control
Transient
Stability
Dynamic
Stabiliy
SVC
STATCOM
TCSC
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CONV-CONV
CONV-PSS-CONV
DHP-CONV/DHP
Off-line testing result of MLP trained with BP
Flexible AC Transmission Systems
45
40
On-line training result of MLP trained with BP
UPFC
Financial Benefit s of FAC TS:
•Add itional Sales due to increased t rans mis sion
capability.
•Add itional wheeling charges due t o increased
tr ans mis sion capab ility.
•Av oid ing delay of inves tments in new h igh
voltage tr ans miss ion lines or even new power
gener at ion.
G8
Main types of FACTS devices are:
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Static Var Compensators (SVC’s)
Thyristor Controlled Series
Compensators (TCSC’s)
Static Synchronous Compensator
(STATCOM)
Unified Power Flow Controller
(UPFC)
Steady State Applications:
- Voltage limits
- Thermal limits
- Loop flows
- Short circuit levels
- Subsynchronous resonance.
G10
Applications of FACTS devices:
Steady State applications
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The increasing complexity of a modern power grid highlights
the need for advanced system identification and control
techniques for the power system. This poster displays work
using intelligent nonlinear
identification and control
techniques. Each turbogenerator in the power system is
equipped with a neuroidentifier, which is able to identify its
particular turbogenerator and the rest of the network to
which it is connected from moment to moment, based on only
local measurements. Each neuroidentifier can then be used in
the design of a
nonlinear neurocontroller for each
turbogenerator in such a multimachine power system. Results
for the neuroidentifiers are presented to prove the validity
of the concept. The FACTS devices and their benefits in
power system control are also presented.
Conventional Control
Machines Research Laboratory
University of Natal, South Africa
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Dynamic Applications
26
28
29
8
27
10
9
25
31
18
39
FACTS
32
17
G6
16
15
14
G1
33
1
35
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- Post Contingency Voltage
- Control
- Voltage Stability
Homeland Security and Force Protection – Science and Technology Conference, August 7 -8 , 2002, Ft Leonard
Wood, Missouri, USA
12
34
6
21
22
19
11
36
• Dynamic Applications
- Transient Stability
- Dampening
G9
24
37
13
30
2
4
20
23
G4
G2
7
3
5
G7
38
G3
G5
Location of FACTS devices can be determined using Heuristic techniques such as
Genetic Algorithm, Adaptive Critic Designs and Power Flow Performance Index, etc.