Download Digestive System

Digestive
System
Peristalsis: series of involuntary muscle contractions
along walls of digestive tract
Vomiting: reverse peristalsis
Chyme: thick liquid (mixture of food, enzymes, & HCl)
Villi: Projections on the lining of the small intestine that
function in absorption of digested food. Has many
blood vessels to transport absorbed material to
other cells in the body.
TYPES OF DIGESTION
Mechanical: food is chewed to break large pieces
of food into small pieces
Chemical: food is changed into a form cells can
use; enzymes speed up the chemical reactions
Mouth: where digestion
starts
Salivary glands: secrete
saliva; add water & a
digestive enzyme (amylase
– breaks down
carbohydrates)
Esophagus: muscular
tube that connects mouth
to stomach
Epiglottis: Flap of skin that covers the opening to the
trachea (windpipe) so food & liquid doesn’t
get into the trachea or lungs.
• Liver: produces bile; filters
blood; denitrifies proteins
• Gall bladder: stores bile
• Stomach: hollow,
muscular organ that churns
the food to produce chyme
(liquid food, pepsin, HCl).
• Pancreas: produces
digestive enzymes and
hormones (insulin –
regulates blood sugar)
• Small intestine: completes
digestion; absorbs end
products
• Large intestine (colon):
holds undigestable material;
absorbs water
• Appendix: extension at the
junction of small & large
intestine
• Anus: eliminates undigested
food
appendix
anus
• In which two organs does food stay for the shortest
time?
• Mouth and esophagus
• About how long does food stay in the stomach?
• 4 hours
• In the small intestine?
• 12 hours
• In the large intestine?
• 5 hours
• In which organ does food stay for the longest time?
• Small intestine
Enzyme: salivary amylase
Food digested? Starch (carbohydrates)
Food absorbed? None
Water absorbed? None
End product? monosaccharides
Enzyme? None
Food digested? None
Food absorbed? None
Water absorbed? None
End Products? None
Enzymes? Pepsin & HCl (acid)
Food digested? Proteins
Food absorbed? No
Water absorbed? No
End products? Peptides (amino acids)
Enzymes? None only bile
Food digested? Fats
Food absorbed? No
Water absorbed? No
End products? Small droplets
of fat (lipids); neutralizes acids
Enzymes? Amylase, trypsin,
lipase, & nucleases
Food digesed? Starch, protein,
fats, & nucleic acids
Food absorbed? No
Water absorbed? No
End products? Disaccharides
(sugars), peptides & nitrogen
bases, fatty acids & glycerol
Enzymes? Maltase, sucrase,
lactase, peptidase, & nuclease
Food digested? Disaccharides,
peptides, nucleic acid
Food absorbed? Yes
Water absorbed? No
End products? Monosaccharides
(sugar), amino acids, & nitrogen
bases
Enzymes? None
Food digested? None
Food absorbed? No
Water absorbed? Yes
End products? Feces
• An open sore
• A. ulcer in lining
•B
• B. Normal stomach
lining
•A
• C. Results of acid
and enzymes
working on cells
•B
Pain that results from the movement of food from the
stomach into the esophagus
• 1. esophagus
• 2. stomach
• 3. proper amount of food in stomach
• 4. food causing heart burn
• 5. bulging stomach
• 6. too much food in stomach
• 7. small intestine
Disease in which a person cannot use sugar and can’t
store it