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Download TAKs FlashCards - Coleman High School
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Index Biology EOC Flash Cards Index Radiation Index Radiation • Heat travels through space by infrared radiation, • Example: sunlight heating the earth Index Convection Index Convection • Heat transfer to or from a moving fluid. (fluid = liquid or gas) • Example: radiator fluid flowing through the engine of a car gets hot. Air blowing across the cooling coils of an air condition gets cold. Index Genotype Index Genotype • The genes that an organism has. Example BB, Bb, bb. Index Index Bacteria Cell Index Phenotype Index Phenotype • The characteristic of an organism that can be seen or observed. It is caused by the genotype. Example: blue eyes, brown eyes, green eyes. Index Index Virus Index Index Plant cell Index Index Animal cell Index Only 10% of the energy is passed from one trophic level to the next trophic level. Most of the rest of the energy is _________ _____ _________ Index Only 10% of the energy is passed from one trophic level to the next trophic level. Most of the rest of the energy is _________ _____ _________ Lost as heat Index Is water a polar or nonpolar solvent? Index Is water a polar or nonpolar solvent? polar Index What is the shape of a water molecule? Index What is the shape of a water molecule? Bent or vee shaped Index Why is water called the universal solvent? Index Why is water called the universal solvent? Water can dissolve ionic substances and some polar covalent substances. What does like dissolves like mean? Index Index What does like dissolves like mean? • Polar solvents dissolve polar covalent compounds. • Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar compounds. Index What makes water such a great solvent? Index What makes water such a great solvent? • The vee shape and the partial charges (O = partial negative, H=partial positive) makes the molecule polar (has a negative end and a positive end). Index Control Index Control • Group in an experiment that is the norm. (Don’t change the independent variable) • (Group we compare all other groups to. So we can see how the other groups change.) Index What makes up the backbone of DNA? Index What makes up the backbone of DNA? Sugar and phosphate (Phosphorous) Index Mutualism (mutualistic) Index Mutualism (mutualistic) Both organisms benefit. (+/+) Index Dependent variable Index Dependent variable • Variable we expect to change. • The results. • It depends on the independent • Responding variable (usually graphed on the y axis) Index Constant Index Constant Something that doesn’t change or is the same for each group. Index What makes up DNA? Index What makes up DNA? nucleotides Index Parasitisim (parasitic) Index Parasitisim (parasitic) One organism benefits, the other is harmed. (+/-) Index Independent variable Index Independent variable • Variable we change. It causes the dependent variable to change. (usually graphed on the x axis) Index Which component of DNA provides instructions for making a protein? Index Which component of DNA provides instructions for making a protein? • Sequence (order) of nitrogenous bases/nucleotides. (ATGC) Index What makes up a nucleotide? Index What makes up a nucleotide? Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base Index Commensalism Index Commensalism • One organism benefits, the other is neither harmed nor benefits. • (+/neither) Index Examples of Commensualism Index Examples of Commensualism • • • • • (+/neither) Spanish moss on a tree Barnacle on a whale Hermit crab and snail. Cattle egret and cattle Index Examples of Parasitism Index Examples of Parasitism • (+/-) One benefits, one harmed • Tick on a dog • Fleas, pinworms, tapeworms, liver flukes, round worms, mosquitoes, • Mistletoe on a mesquite tree Index Examples of mutualism Index Examples of Mutualism • • • • • • • • (+/+) Both Benefit Flowering plants & bee/wasp/humming bird Good bacteria in our digestive tract Clown fish and sea anemone Remora and shark Plants and nitrogen fixing bacteria Termites and protozoa Cows and bacteria in rumen Index Flagellum Index Flagellum • Long whip-like structure used for movement (locomotion) on some bacteria, some protozoa, and human sperm cells. Index Causes Acid Rain Index Causes Acid Rain Burning fossil fuels (oil, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, coal, jet fuel) Index Predation Index Predation • (+/-) • Predator/Prey • When one organism kills and eats another organism. Index What are the RNA base pairs? Index What are the RNA base pairs? A-U G-C (adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine) Index Competition Index Competition • (-/-) • When two organisms are trying to use the same resource (food, water, mates, housing, etc...) • (Both hurt) Index Extinction Index Extinction When all the organisms of a species have died. Index What is the DNA template strand for the following DNA? 5’ATGCGT3’ Index ’ What is the DNA template strand for the following DNA? 5’ATGCGT3 3’TACGCA5’ Index Speciation Index Speciation Pronounced “specie-a-tion” The formation of a new species. (Usually occurs when a population is separated by a barrier that prevents them from breeding together for an extremely long period of time.) Index What are the DNA base pairs? Index What are the DNA base pairs? A-T G-C (adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine) Index What is the mRNA that is formed form the following DNA strand? 5’TTACCG3’ Index What is the mRNA that is formed form the following DNA strand? 5’TTACCG3’ 3’AAUGGC5’ Index transcription Index Transcription • Making a mRNA copy of DNA • (occurs in the nucleus) Index What DNA nucleotide base pairs with adenine? Index What DNA nucleotide base pairs with adenine? Thymine Index Are viruses alive? Index Are viruses alive? No, viruses are NOT alive. Index Translation Index Translation • Making a protein from the information stored in the mRNA • (occurs at the ribosomes) Index What RNA nucleotide base pairs with adenine? Index What RNA nucleotide base pairs with adenine? Uracil Index Osmosis Index Osmosis • The diffusion of water across a membrane. • The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Index What does a virus need to replicate or duplicate itself? Index What does a virus need to replicate or duplicate itself? • To hijack a living cell. Index Replication Index Replication • Making a DNA copy of DNA • (in preparation for mitosis or meiosis) Index What DNA nucleotide base pairs with cytosine? Index What DNA nucleotide base pairs with cytosine? Guanine Index Polio is caused by a _______ Index Polio is caused by a _______ Virus Index Rabies is caused by a ____ Index Rabies is caused by a Virus Index Bacteria living in our digestive system help us absorb some nutrients. This is an example of… Index Bacteria living in our digestive system help us absorb some nutrients. This is an example of... Mutualism (+/+) (Bacteria absorbs food/nutrients and they help us absorb certain nutrients/make some vitamins) Index Beechdrops are leafless plants that lack chlorophyll. Beechdrops get their food from the roots of beech trees, which reduces the amount of food available to the tree. This is an example of … Index Beechdrops are leafless plants that lack chlorophyll. Beechdrops get their food from the roots of beech trees, which reduces the amount of food available to the tree. This is an example of a… Parasite (parasitism) (parasitic relationship) Index Antibiotics will only kill _______ Index Antibiotics will only kill Bacteria Index Strep throat is caused by a _____ Index Strep throat is caused by a _____ Bacteria Streptococcus sp. Index Reactions that produce toxic gases should be performed in a… Index Reactions that produce toxic gases should be performed in a… Fume hood Index What piece of equipment would be used to precisely measure a 5 mL volume? Index What piece of equipment would be used to precisely measure a 5 mL volume? 10 mL graduated pipette or 10 mL graduated cylinder Index What muscle straightens the arm? What muscle straightens the arm? Index • Triceps • (muscles can only pull/contract) Index What piece of equipment would be used to precisely measure a 45 mL volume? Index What piece of equipment would be used to precisely measure a 45 mL volume? 100 mL graduated cylinder Index What molecule provides most of the energy in cells? Index What molecule provides most of the energy in cells? • ATP Index Abiotic factors Index Abiotic factors • Nonliving factors: air, water, soil, sunlight, rocks, weather, etc… Index A mutation in genes (DNA) can occur when - Index A mutation in genes (DNA) can occur when – The sequence (order) of nitrogenous bases changes (substitution mutation, deletion mutation, addition mutation) Index What commercial product is often the cause of toxic heavy metal pollution such as nickel, mercury, lead, and cadmium? Index What commercial product is often the cause of toxic heavy metal pollution such as nickel, mercury, lead, and cadmium? Rechargeable batteries Index Jellyfish, sponges, and round worms belong to what kingdom? Index Jellyfish, sponges, and round worms belong to what kingdom? Animal kingdom Index In an organism, the nucleus (genetic material) of an egg is removed. The nucleus from the cell of a different organism is implanted in the egg. What is this process called? Index In an organism, the nucleus (genetic material) of an egg is removed. The nucleus from the cell of a different organism is implanted in the egg. What is this process called? Cloning Index Amoebas, Paramecium, and Euglena belong to what kingdom? Index Amoebas, Paramecium, and Euglena belong to what kingdom? Protista kingdom Index What body system transports nutrients to the cells? Index What body system transports nutrients to the cells? Circulatory system (blood, heart, arteries, veins, capillaries etc..) Index Properties of Water Index Properties of Water – adhesive – cohesive – High specific heat – High heat capacity – Polar – Universal solvent Index What will happen to the cell model? Index What will happen to the cell model? The cell model shrinks. (water will diffuse across the membrane from the inside to the outside until both of the concentrations are the same) Index “Thymine-guanine-thymine-cytosine” is an example of the Index “Thymine-guanine-thymine-cytosine” is an example of the Sequence of DNA nitrogenous bases. Working muscle cells that are deprived of oxygen produce… Index Working muscle cells that are deprived of oxygen produce… Index Lactic acid (lactic acid fermentation) Index What organism causes dental cavities? Index What organism causes dental cavities? bacteria Index What does this show? Index What does this show? • Osmosis (diffusion of water across a membrane from an area of high concentration of water to a low concentration of water) Index Uracil-guanine-uracil-cytosine” is an example of the Index Uracil-guanine-uracil-cytosine” is an example of the Sequence of RNA nitrogenous bases. What graph is best to show parts of a whole or percentages? Index What graph is best to show parts of a whole or percentages? Index Circle graph (pie chart) Index What organisms are known as the decomposers? Index What organisms are known as the decomposers? • Bacteria • Fungi Index Kingdom, class, order, genus Which one is the most specific group used to classify organisms? Index Kingdom, class, order, genus Which one is the most specific group used to classify organisms? Genus Index What are the bubbles and the gas in the space above the plant? Index What are the bubbles and the gas in the space above the plant? Oxygen O2 Index What reaction is this? 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Index What reaction is this? 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Making glucose (food) Index What reaction is this? C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O Index What reaction is this? C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O Making energy (“burning” glucose) Index What organisms do the weasels eat? Index What organisms do the weasels eat? • Quail • Mice Index In a food web, what is 1. an autotroph (usually uses photosynthesis to make its food)? 2. Source of all energy for the heterotrophs (organisms that eat things)? 3. Is at the beginning of a food web or food chain? Index In a food web, what is 1. an autotroph (usually uses photosynthesis to make its food)? 2. Source of all energy for the heterotrophs (organisms that eat things)? 3. Is at the beginning of a food web or food chain? Primary producer Index In a food web, what is 1. A heterotroph that eats the primary producer. Index In a food web, what is 1. A heterotroph that eats the primary producer. Primary consumer -or- 1st order consumer Index In a food web, what is 1. A heterotroph that eats the primary consumer. Index In a food web, what is 1. A heterotroph that eats the primary consumer. secondary consumer -or- 2nd order consumer What is the purpose of bacteria in this food web? Index What is the purpose of bacteria in this food web? Index Decomposer Index What is the purpose of grass in this food web? Index What is the purpose of grass in this food web? Primary producer (source of all energy) Index Which organism is just a primary consumer aka 1st order consumer? Index Which organism is just a primary consumer? Quail Grasshopper ( it eats only grass) Index In the food web what is the weasel? Index In the food web what is the weasel? It is a second order consumer and a third order consumer. Index In the food web what is the mouse? Index In the food web what is the mouse? It is a first order consumer and a second order consumer. Index Which trophic level has most energy? Index Which trophic level has most energy? • Bottom level (First level) • The producers. (the bottom level will have the most energy, the most mass, & usually the most individual organisms. Index Proteins are produced according to a special code. What molecule carries/contains the code? Index Proteins are produced according to a special code. What molecule carries/contains the code? DNA or mRNA Index Primary Producer? Index • Plants Primary Producer? Index Primary consumer? Index Primary consumer? • Insects • Mice • Peccaries Index Both a primary and a secondary consumer? Index Both a primary and a secondary consumer? • Peccaries Index What are the coyotes and bobcats? • Index What are the coyotes and bobcats? 2nd order consumer 3rd order consumer Index Troph-troph Index Troph-troph Food/feeding Index Tick on a dog Index Tick on a dog Parasitism Index Hydro- Index HydroWater Index Auto- Index • self Auto- Index What sugar is in DNA? Index What sugar is in DNA? • Deoxyribose Index Which organisms are most closely related? A. Poecile carolinensis B. Anolis carolinensis C. Grus Americana D. Poecile gambeli Index Which organisms are most closely related? A. Poecile carolinensis B. Anolis carolinensis C. Grus Americana D. Poecile gambeli Poecile gambeli Poecile carolinensis (same genus) (same first name) Genus species Index The table shows 4 people with symptoms. Which one of these people have symptoms associated with the endocrine system? Index The table shows 4 people with symptoms. Which one of these people have symptoms associated with the endocrine system? Patient 2 Index What sugar is in RNA? Index What sugar is in RNA? Ribose Index What molecule is most responsible for determining eye color, body structure, and cellular enzyme production? Index What molecule is most responsible for determining eye color, body structure, and cellular enzyme production? DNA Index Niche? (pronounced “nitch”) Index Niche? (pronounced “nitch”) How an organism survives. (What it eats, how it eats, when it eats, where it lives, etc…) Index The table shows 4 people with symptoms. Which one of these people have symptoms associated with the circulatory system? Index The table shows 4 people with symptoms. Which one of these people have symptoms associated with the circulatory system? Index The table shows 4 people with symptoms. Which one of these people have symptoms associated with the circulatory system? Patient 4 Index If a female spring pepper frog produces 200 eggs through parthenogenesis (asexual reproduction in which an organism is produced from an unfertilized egg)how many males and females would it produce? Index If a spring pepper frog produces 200 eggs through parthenogenesis how many males and females would it produce? 200 females and 0 males (parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction) (since it is asexual the offspring have the exact same DNA as the parent; they are clones.) Index The table shows 4 people with symptoms. Which one of these people have symptoms associated with the excretory system? Index The table shows 4 people with symptoms. Which one of these people have symptoms associated with the excretory system? Patient 1 Index Which information would help scientist verify relationships of the organisms? Index Which information would help scientist verify relationships of the organisms ? The organism’s DNA sequences Index Cell membranes perform what function? Index Cell membranes perform what function? 1. Holds cytoplasm within cell, 2. Regulating substances entering and exiting the cell 3. Recognizing other cells Index What is the purpose of W? Index What is the purpose of W? Carry instructions for protein synthesis (It is mRNA. You can tell because only mRNA contains “U” or uracil. Index If rabbits increase what would mostly happen next? Index If rabbits increase what would most likely happen next? The plant population will decrease (they are herbivores, more rabbits = less food) Index To find the best rusting rate, the students should measure the masses of metals before the investigation and at--- The same time and day during each week of the investigation Index Many viruses released into the air survive for only short periods of time. What is the most likely reason for this? Index Many viruses released into the air survive for only short periods of time. What is the most likely reason for this? Viruses are dependent on host cells of living organisms. Index Index Integumentary(skin), nervous, muscular Index Index Have high cholesterol levels Index Index Reproduce successfully Index Index Thermometer, stopwatch, balance Index A mutation has occurred in an mRNA fragment that was originally CUU. Which of the following mutated mRNA fragment would result in an amino acid sequence different from that produced by the CUU fragment ? CUC, CUA , UUA, or CAU? Index A mutation has occurred in an mRNA fragment that was originally CUU. Which of the following mutated mRNA fragment would result in an amino acid sequence different from that produced by the CUU fragment ? CAU (the other three codons still produce the same amino acid) Index In which plant group does this plant belong? Index In which plant group does this plant belong? Gymnosperms Index What is a trend that will be observed in this root tip? Index What is a trend that will be observed in this root tip? The cells are generally longer at the top then at the bottom. Index Which organ system in a fish allows maximum oxygen intake through contact between the fish and its environment? Index Which system in a fish allows maximum oxygen intake through contact between the fish and its environment? Respiratory system Index Describe a trend in the data shown in the graph? Index Describe a trend in the data shown in the graph? As the temperature increases at 30-60 degrees Celsius the solubility of KNO3 increases more than that of KCl. Index Some plants have a hard waxy coating on their leaves that helps prevent water loss. In which environment do these plants most likely grow? Index Some plants have a hard waxy coating on their leaves that helps prevent water loss. In which environment do these plants most likely grow? Desert Index What type of graph would be used to compare groups? Index What type of graph would be used to compare groups? Bar graph Index Asexual reproduction Index Asexual reproduction Reproduction involving only a single parent. (reproduction without sex) (all offspring will be clones of the parent) Index What causes water molecules to be attracted to each other? Index What causes water molecules to be attracted to each other? Polarity Index How do animals meet their energy needs? Index How do animals meet their energy needs? Eating food Index How do plants meet their energy needs? Index How do plants meet their energy needs? Absorbing light energy to make glucose which their cells use to make ATP (make their own food from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.) Index Scientists recently found a fossil representing a newly discovered animal species that they named Tiktaalik roseae. The fossil indicates that Tiktaalik roseae had a fish-like jaw and scale-covered fins. The front fins had bones similar to those of a shoulder, an upper arm, an elbow, a forearm, and a wrist. This information suggests that populations of Tiktaalik roseae most likely lived in which two environments? Index Scientists recently found a fossil representing a newly discovered animal species that they named Tiktaalik roseae. The fossil indicates that Tiktaalik roseae had a fish-like jaw and scale-covered fins. The front fins had bones similar to those of a shoulder, an upper arm, an elbow, a forearm, and a wrist. This information suggests that populations of Tiktaalik roseae most likely lived in which two environments? Land and water Index If the trend continues, What is the most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current through 80 meters of the wire? Index If the trend continues, What is the most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current through 80 meters of the wire? 400 V Index Which component of the DNA molecule provides instructions for the production of the protein? Index Which component of the DNA molecule provides instructions for the production of the protein? Sequence of nitrogenous bases Index Diaphragm? Index Diaphragm? Adjusts the amount of light Index Rotating nosepiece? Index Rotating nosepiece? Index Rotating nosepiece? Changes magnification Index ATC GGC TTA ATC GGC TA Before After This is an example of what type of mutation? Index ATC GGC TTA ATC GGC TA Before After This is an example of what type of mutation? Deletion mutation (deletion and insertion mutations will cause a frame shift) Index ATC GGC TTA Before ATT GGC TTA After This is an example of what type of mutation? Index ATC GGC TTA Before ATT GGC TTA After This is an example of what type of mutation? Substitution mutation (point mutation) Index What are some examples of genetic variation of a bird species? Index What are some examples of genetic variation of a bird species? Beak length Beak shape Feather color Foot shape Leg length And many many more (any trait that is controlled by a gene in the DNA) Index What organelle is used for storing water? Index What organelle is used for storing water? Vacuole Index What part of the cell makes proteins? Index What part of the cell makes proteins? Ribosome (ribosome is NOT an organelle) Index Where does cellular respiration take place? Index Where does cellular respiration take place? Mitochondria (cellular respiration is the “burning of glucose”) Index Liana plants are woody vines that grow on some trees in rain forests. These climbing plants are most likely adapted for — Index Liana plants are woody vines that grow on some trees in rain forests. These climbing plants are most likely adapted for — Growing through foliage to reach available sunlight Index Which one has an open circulatory system? Index Which one has an open circulatory system? grasshopper Index Which organism is most closely related to organism V? Index Which organism is most closely related to organism V? W (up and down is usually time) (closer the branches are to each other the more related) Index Botanists cross a heterozygous (Pp) plant having purple flowers with a homozygous (pp) plant having white flowers. About what percentage of the offspring will have purple flowers? Index Botanists cross a heterozygous (Pp) plant having purple flowers with a homozygous (pp) plant having white flowers. About what percentage of the offspring will have purple flowers? 50% Index A mutation in a DNA molecule is passed to offspring only when the mutation occurs in a — Index A mutation in a DNA molecule is passed to offspring only when the mutation occurs in a — Gamete (sex cell) (sperm, egg) Index Which system is directly responsible for maintaining the volume and the composition of most body fluids? Index Which system is directly responsible for maintaining the volume and the composition of most body fluids? Excretory system Index A hypothesis that two organisms from different species are related to each other is supported by — Index A hypothesis that two organisms from different species are related to each other is supported by — Homologous structures or Similar sequences of DNA Index At one time large herds of bison roamed across the Great Plains. Brown-headed cowbirds often followed the bison, capturing and eating insects that scattered as the bison walked through the grasses. This relationship between the bison and the cowbird was — Index At one time large herds of bison roamed across the Great Plains. Brown-headed cowbirds often followed the bison, capturing and eating insects that scattered as the bison walked through the grasses. This relationship between the bison and the cowbird was — commensalism
