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SNMP SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a set of protocols for monitoring widely distributed networks. The first versions of SNMP were developed as early as the 1980s, and SNMP is now widely adopted in the IT industry. This functionality is based on the manager/agent model, meaning that a network manager can access the data stored in remote devices. It is particularly well suited for network alarm monitoring and making networks more reliable. The main application today is monitoring routers to retrieve network status information. This protocol is only applicable over TCP/IP networks, as it is based on this protocol stack. The small number of commands used and the independence between agents and managers make SNMP a simple, robust protocol. These two factors have contributed strongly to its widespread use. HOW SNMP WORKS 3 INGENICO’S SNMP IMPLEMENTATION 3 EXAMPLE USES 5 DYNAMIC STATISTICS 5 PREVENTIVE DIAGNOSTICS 5 DYNAMIC TERMINAL MANAGEMENT 5 CONCLUSION 5 SNMP The final message (Trap) allows the agent to HOW SNMP WORKS inform the manager of a significant event. SNMP is based on the manager/agent model. This model allows SNMP managers to remotely access information stored by agents. The manager and agent use a Management Information Base (MIB) and a short set of commands to exchange information, making the SNMP protocol light and easy to implement. Most of the messages are issued only by the SNMP manager. The Trap message is the only one initiated by the agent, and is typically used to notify the manager of an alarm condition – before the manager queries that object. When the agent detects that one of its objects listed for SNMP has been modified, it generates a Trap message to inform the manager. This allows MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MANAGER HUMAN NETWORK MANAGER TARGET the manager to deal with the new value more proactively, as opposed to waiting for the next time NETWORK PROTOCOL MESSAGES that particular object is queried. AGENT Managed Objects Database Figure 1. Basic SNMP model SNMP uses only five basic messages to manage communication between the manager and agent. The first two messages (Get, GetNext) allow the SNMP’S ADVANTAGES • It is LAN/WAN based. Because SNMP allows data transfer over existing LAN/WAN networks, it significantly cuts deployment and operating costs. • It is an open standard. SNMP is available free-of-charge, is documented extensively, and is supported by most telecoms equipment providers. • It is expandable. Although SNMP is light and simple, it can be expanded to support a wide variety of connected devices. manager to request information for a specific object or list of objects. The agent then replies through a GetResponse message that contains either the requested information or an error code (the Third message). • It is platform-independent. An SNMP manager can be configured through the Management Information Base (MIB) to enable data transfer with any device supporting SNMP (e.g., combined IT & POS environments). When the manager wants to obtain the value of an object, it creates a Get message that includes the Object Identifier (OID) for each object of interest, and sends this message to the agent. The agent INGENICO’S SNMP IMPLEMENTATION then checks whether the OIDs are included in its SNMP has been implemented by Ingenico across base. If they are, it replies with the objects’ value; its product lines, in order to support customers in if they are not, it sends an error code. remote POS administration. This implementation The fourth message (Set) allows the manager was carried out through an LNET library upgrade, to request a change in the value of a specific the addition of an SNMP agent in the new variable. To reply, the agent uses the GetResponse LSNMP library, and an OS upgrade. Ingenico’s message to either provide the information or give implementation is fully compliant with the standard an error code. and is based on version 2.c SNMP. INGENICO 2007 3. The SNMP module is launched automatically TCP/IP stack information provides details on when a terminal is booted, and offers immediate the amount of data sent and received, the protocol functionality to the agent (the SNMP function used, the transfer success rate, etc. Applications can be deactivated if needed). This protocol can can also generate specific counters for tracking be used by any terminal with a TCP/IP stack: targeted indicators. Ethernet, WiFi, Bluetooth, GPRS, CDMA, etc. SNMP can be used to retrieve statistical data All this information is stored by the SNMP agent to be presented to the remote manager. However, about POS terminals that is stored on a central an application can specify that its information network manager. Three types of data can be be non-public, in which case the agent will not obtained: send it to the manager. The network manager collects data from • OS data; the terminal through regular contact at defined time • TCP/IP stack information; intervals, and can reset some counters to enable • Application data. fully automated management. For example, the number of Visa or MasterCard cards used on the The OS data include: terminal can be counted over a set time period, then • Number of terminal boots; reset to zero at the start of the next time period. • Number of pixel lines printed; The schematic below illustrates the SNMP • Number of magnetic cards swiped (and with at least one good track read); agent response when OS, TCP/IP, and application objects are declared. • Number of smart cards inserted (asynchronous or synchronous); • Number of modem calls (and successful modem calls); Application • Number of keys pressed. TCP/IP stack This data can be activated on all Ingenico terminals. The schematic below illustrates how OS data is retrieved using SNMP. Application statistics OS LSNMP agent TCP/IP stack information OS data LSNMP manager INTERNET Application TCP/IP stack LSNMP agent OS OS data LSNMP manager Figure 3. SNMP functionality with OS, TCP/IP, and application objects INTERNET Ingenico has also implemented the Trap message discussed earlier, which is used by the terminal to notify the network manager that an object has been modified. The manager can thus check the Figure 2. SNMP retrieval of OS data object immediately to view the updated information. INGENICO 2007 4. The Trap message is useful for tracking statistics like paper status or reboot sequence, and allows real-time control of a group of terminals without • Payment statistics, so that banks can adapt their services to retailers’ needs (e.g., specific functions for low payments, a new telecom subscription offer, etc.) the need for a field technician. Alerts of object modifications are sent automatically by the application to one or more network managers. Another benefit of the Trap message is that it can work the other way round. A network manager can set a new value in an application's object, PREVENTIVE DIAGNOSTICS • Dynamic trouble-shooting • Field preventive maintenance (e.g., the early detection of an increase in modem call failure or magnetic strip reading) which will then force the application to launch an OS update or data collection sequence. DYNAMIC TERMINAL MANAGEMENT EXAMPLE USES • Modifications to data transfer connections between agents and servers SNMP is now a common technology and increasingly available on network servers. Thanks to SNMP standards, Ingenico customers can manage their terminals easily through a single application on a server. Ingenico customers can access SNMP terminals from any structure supporting TCP/IP, so that implementation can be a simple extension • Automatic maintenance procedure generation (i.e., if a server detects a possible incompatibility with an application or updated communication parameters, it can automatically request that the agent launch an application upgrade through the SNMP manager) • Terminal queries for parameter and/or configuration upgrades of an existing IT administration application or a bank or third-party server. Moreover, implementing SNMP facilitates the administration of a group of Ingenico terminals. More specifically, it can be used for the following: CONCLUSION By implementing the SNMP technology, Ingenico has again demonstrated its desire to provide customers with the best-suited and most light protocol is easy to deploy, and allows Ingenico • Network performance based on TCP/IP data terminals to be integrated into an existing SNMP • Transaction volume data environment if needed. Groupe Ingenico 192, avenue Charles de Gaulle 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine - France Tel : +33 (0)1 46 25 82 00 Fax : +33 (0)1 47 72 56 95 www.ingenico.com 02-2007 cost-effective solutions available. This widespread, DYNAMIC STATISTICS