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UNIT 1 REVIEW UNIT 1: KEYWORD LIST Hierarchy of Cells Carrying Capacity Population r-strategist Community K-strategist Mark-recapture Density-independent factor Transect Density-dependent factor Quadrat Limiting factor Distribution – Clumped, Uniform, Random Co-evolution Survivorship curves – Type I, II & III Competition – interspecific & intraspecific Population Growth Rate Predation Population Density Mimicry Population Size Symbiosis Zero Population Growth Commensalism Emigration/Immigration/Birth/Death Rate Calculation Mutualism Calculations for doubling population size Parasitism Fecundity Predator-Prey Cycle Reproductive Strategy Resource partitioning Logistic Growth Exponential Growth **I may have missed some. Use your notes and assigned questions to fill in any that I may have missed. SBI4U POPULATION DYNAMICS TEST REVIEW QUESTIONS p589 - #1 – 4, 6 – 9, 11 – 13, 18, 19, 26, 27, 29, 32, 34 – 39, 42, 46, 48, 55, 57, 67, 68, 70, 71, 73, 76 Characteristics of Populations 1. a) In order to study populations, scientists need to be able to describe a population. What are THREE different measurements that scientists use to describe populations. b) Define the terms “population size” and “population density.” How do these two terms differ from one another? An area measuring 1000 ha (1 hectare = 10,000 m2) has 200 wolves in it. What is the size of this population? What is the density of this population? The statement is made “small organisms usually have higher population densities than larger organisms”. What are TWO different reasons why you might expect this to be true? c) d) 2. a) b) What is the difference between “crude density” and “ecological density?” Why is this distinction (i.e., crude versus ecological density) necessary? Which of these two measures of density is typically higher? Name: ___________________________ Date : 3. What is meant by the term “population dispersion?” 4. a) Describe what is meant by a “clumped dispersion pattern.” Include a diagram with your description. Provide an example of this type of dispersion pattern from nature. b) Describe what is meant by a “uniform dispersion pattern.” Include a diagram with your description. Provide an example of this type of dispersion pattern from nature. c) Describe what is meant by a “random dispersion pattern.” Include a diagram with your description. Provide an example of this type of dispersion pattern from nature. d) What ultimately determines what type of dispersion pattern a species exhibit in an area? e) Which type of dispersion pattern is rarest in nature? Why do you think that this is the case? Measuring and Modeling Population Change 1. a) b) c) Explain what is meant by the term “environment”. Describe some biotic resources that may be limited in an ecosystem at any one time. Describe some abiotic resources that may be limited in an ecosystem at any one time 2. a) b) c) d) What is meant by the term “carrying capacity of a population”? Is the carrying capacity the same for all species? for all populations of the same species? Explain. What sorts of things determine the carrying capacity of an ecosystem? In general, what happens to the resources of an ecosystem as a population increases in size? 3. a) b) c) d) Define the term “population dynamics”. What are two means/methods by which a population can increase in size? What are two means/methods by which a population can decrease in size? Define each of the following terms: natality, mortality, emigration, and immigration. 4. a) b) What is meant by the term “fecundity”? Do all species show the same fecundity? Provide examples of species with a high fecundity. Provide examples of species with a low fecundity. Compare the reproductive strategies of a short-lived species such as a starfish and a long-lived species such as a hippopotamus. c) 5. What are THREE different patterns in “survivorship” that species exhibit? For each pattern a) use a graph/figure to illustrate the pattern, b) describe characteristics of species that show that pattern, and c) provide an example of a species that exhibits that pattern 6. How does the number of offspring that are produced by an individual typically compare with the fecundity of that individual? What sorts of factors create this discrepancy (i.e. limit reproductive potential)? 7. a) b) c) d) e) f) What is the formula that is used to determine “population growth” or “population change”? A population of 2000 seals produces 950 young in one year. In the same period of time, 150 seals die. If 50 seals leave the population to join another population, and 30 seals join the population under study, what is the “population change” of the population under study? What is an “open population”? What is a closed population? Which type of a population (i.e., open versus closed) is the most common? What are some examples of closed populations? What is meant by the term “biotic potential”? Factors Affecting Population Change 1. a) b) c) What is a density dependent factor? List THREE different density dependent factors. How did Charles Darwin use the concept of density dependent factors in his Theory of Evolution? 2. a) b) Distinguish between intraspecific competition and interspecific competition. [ What are some of the potential consequences to the population as the density of that population increases? Interactions within Communities 2. a) b) c) What are FIVE different categories of interactions between species? What is meant by the term “symbiosis”? [K/U - 1 mark] What are THREE types of symbiosis? [K/U – 1.5 marks] 3. a) b) What is interspecific competition? [K/U - 1 mark] What are two ways in which interspecific competition can occur? Provide an example of each type of interspecific competition. [K/U - 4 marks] Who was G.F. Gause? What is “Gause’s Principle” and what does it predict will happen when two species experience niche overlap? [K/U - 3 marks] c) 5. What are THREE possible results of interspecific competition? [K/U - 3 marks] 8. Do resource partitioning and character displacement provide DIRECT or INDIRECT evidence for competition? Explain. [K/U - 2 marks] 10. “In competition, the population density of both species is affected.” Do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [K/U - 4 marks] Name: ___________________________ PREDATION 1. Date : In your own words, summarize the relationship between predator and prey populations. 3. a) b) c) What is predation? How does predation operate as a density dependent factor? How does disease operate as a density dependent factor? 4. a) b) e) f) g) What is a density independent factor? What are TWO (supposedly) examples of density independent factors? Provide specific examples. What is a “limiting factor”? What typically happens when a population surpasses the carrying capacity of the environment? Why do population biologists monitor natural fluctuations in such things as the size and density of populations?