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The Visible PC
Chapter 3
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Overview
• In this chapter, you will learn to
– Describe how the PC works
– Identify the essential tools of the trade and avoid
electrostatic discharge (ESD)
– Identify the major internal and external
components of a PC
– Identify the different connectors on a typical PC
system unit
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
How the PC Works
• Software
– Operating system (Windows, MAC OS X, Linux)
– Applications (PowerPoint, Word, Outlook, Internet
Explorer)
• Hardware
– Pieces you can touch (mouse, monitor,
motherboard, etc.)
• What do we call the components inbetween Hardware and software?
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
How the PC Works
• The Art of the PC Technician
– Hardware and software interact to accomplish the
four stages
– Your goal is to understand all the parts and how
they interact in the various stages
• By understanding how it works, you’re better able to fix it
when it breaks
`
Broken PC
`
PC tech
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Fixed PC
The Complete PC
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External Connections
• Plug goes into a port
• Port/jack accepts a plug
• Connector can be either a port or a plug
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USB Connectors
• Universal Serial Bus
(USB)
– Used by many devices
today
– Devices are hotswappable
– USB B plugs into
devices
– USB A plugs into
computers
– USB mini-B (digital
cameras, mp3 players)
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USB B
USB A
FireWire Connectors
• FireWire or
IEEE 1394
– Popular with
video
applications
– Uses 6-wire
connector
(note the
rounded
edge)
– Hotswappable
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DB Connectors
• DB connectors have a slight D-shape
– Male DB connectors have pins
– Female DB connectors have sockets
– Oldest type of connector in the PC
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RJ Connectors
• Registered jack or RJ
connectors
• RJ-11 used by
telephone lines
• RJ-45 used in
network interface
cards (NICs)
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Devices and Their Connectors
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Cards vs. Onboard
• Connectors exposed on
rear and front of PCs
– Some connectors attach
directly to motherboard
– Some connectors attach to
boards that plug into
motherboard
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Keyboard
• Keyboards connect into dedicated
mini-DIN (usually purple) or USB
• Plugs and ports usually purple
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Video Cards
• Video cards connect to monitors
– S-Video connector (left)
– Digital video interface (DVI) connector (center)
– 15-pin female DB connector (right)
– Newer High-Definition
Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
– And Display Port
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Sound Cards
• Sound cards
–
–
–
–
–
Convert digital information into sound
Convert sound from a microphone into digital data
Mini-audio jacks for speakers and microphones
DB-15 connector for a joystick or musical instrument
Newer Sony/Phillips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
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Network Cards
• Networks: groups of PCs connected together
– Network interface cards (NICs) typically on
motherboard (can be expansion card)
– Typical connector is RJ-45
– Others include:
BNC
AUI
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Mouse
• A mouse enables you
to select graphical
items on a screen
– Connects through miniDIN port (usually light
green) or USB port (most
common)
– Trackball may be used
instead of mouse
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Modem
• Modems convert analog telephone signals
into digital data and vice versa
– Internal modems are expansion cards
– External modems connect to a serial port
– Uses two RJ-11 sockets
• One to the telephone jack in the wall
• One to a telephone if you wish
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Serial Ports
• Serial ports are used to add external devices to
a PC
– Accept and transmit serial data
– Male DB-9 or DB-25
– Largely replaced by USB
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Printer
• Printers output data from the PC onto paper
– Historically used a female DB-25
– Today printers almost exclusively use a USB or
FireWire port
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eSATA
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Inside the System Unit
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Case
• The case houses all of the internal components
– Protects internal components
– External connections in front and rear
– Provides access to storage devices such as CDs
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CPU
• Central processing
unit (CPU)
– Also called a
microprocessor
– Performs calculations
– CPUs generate a lot
of heat
• Cooling fan and/or
heat sink used to
keep them cool
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RAM
• Random access memory (RAM)
– Stores programs and data currently used by the
CPU
– Measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB)
– Each piece or module of RAM is called a stick
• Dual inline memory module (DIMM) most common today
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Motherboard
• The motherboard is a thin,
flat piece of circuit board
– Everything connects directly or
indirectly to the motherboard
– Contains sockets for the CPU,
RAM, power, and external
devices such as mice, printers,
and keyboards
– Expansion slots allow the
addition of new components
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Power Supply
• Provides electrical power to
PC components
– Uses 110VAC power from the
wall outlet
– Has power connectors for the
motherboard and other devices
– Safety Alert
• High voltage capacitor holds power
after unplugged
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Floppy Drive
• The floppy drive uses floppy diskettes to store
data
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Hard Drive
• Hard drives store programs and data not
currently in use by the CPU
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Optical Media
• CD, DVD, Blu-Ray
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved