Download Excel lesson lecture notes

Excel lesson
You should be familiar with the following tasks using excel in order to be able to
complete the statistics and record book assignments.
Table of Contents:
Using function wizard to calculate Mean and Standard Deviation..................................... 2
Format Number to set # of decimals ................................................................................... 3
Format Text ......................................................................................................................... 3
Writing a formula ................................................................................................................ 3
Copying excel material to word .......................................................................................... 4
Plot a scattergram ................................................................................................................ 4
To include a regression line and calculate the equation of the line .................................... 6
Calculate a correlation ........................................................................................................ 6
Do a paired t-test ................................................................................................................. 7
Backup your work ............................................................................................................... 7
Advanced bar graph techniques .......................................................................................... 8
Non-parametric test – Chi Squared ................................................................................... 10
TO GET HELP ON ANY TOPIC, CLICK ON THE HELP BUTTON
download the practice Excel file from the PE 306 web site
(http://www.wwu.edu/~chalmers/ then select the PE 306 page, and follow the
instructions there to save a copy to your storage device)
start excel (double click on the excel file you wish to open)
note: When using excel, you may the wizard buttons in the toolbars rather than using the
menu bar pull-down menus (or keyboard short cuts) to do many operations. This manual
will list all menu commands and common menu buttons to short-cut some of these menu
commands.
Fall
Fall Winter Winter
subject Body Weight jump 1 jump 2 jump 1 jump 2
9
1
121
5
6
8
13
2
132
8
9
12
15
3
130
10
12
13
20
4
155
15
18
19
29
5
110
22
25
27
32
6
105
28
30
33
15
7
11
11
15
34
8
28
33
35
open new workbook (one opened when you started excel)
file >> new
addresses of cells
 2004, Gordon Chalmers, Ph.D.
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Excel lesson
copy label from cell and
paste to another cell ( or
cut before pasting)
name sheet one, keep as original data
change text in a cell
save while working
file >> save (or keyboard shortcut)
copy blocks of cells to
select cells, cut, paste
paste to a new sheet, name the sheet
insert new column (insert column to left of subject column for labels)
select column to right of where you want new column
insert >> column
place line below data (to visually separate it from summary statistics to be calculated
below line)
select row which you want the line to be BELOW
Use this button to place a line. To place the line shown (the last line you
placed, a thin underline in figure at left), click on the left side of the button. To
place other types of boarder lines, click on the arrow to get the following menu,
and select the line desired.
Alternate: use menu bar to place boarder
format >> cells
then select BOARDER tab, then click on the underline icon
(third one down on left side)
Enter the word MEAN in column A, immediately below the line
Using function wizard to calculate Mean and Standard Deviation
computing mean, min, max and standard deviation using functions
Function wizzard:
category = statistical, then select function (e.g., average)
select range
 2004, Gordon Chalmers, Ph.D.
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Excel lesson
Alternate: use menu bar to select function
insert>> function
category = statistical, then select function (e.g., average)
select range
HEd 435 only: Format Number to dollar format
Format number to dollars: menu bar to format
format >> cells >> then select NUMBER tab, then click on
CURRENCY, then set desire # decimals, then set negative numbers to be
shown as (red).
Note: you can format a cell to dollars using the
button, but it does not
offer you the range of options the menu bar method does.
Format Number to set # of decimals
format numbers to set # of decimals
Alternate: use menu bar to format
format >> cells
then select NUMBER tab, then select category = number,
and set # of decimals
copy functions to
paste to other similar, parallel columns
relative addresses (understand this concept)
Format Text
formatting text
Use the above menu bar to format text
Alternate: use menu bar to format
format >> cells
then select FONT tab
Writing a formula
BMI = BODY MASS INDEX
= WEIGHT (kg) / height2 (m)
e.g., 5 ft 4 inch & 145 lbs
= 64 inches, 145 lbs
= 1.62 meters, 66 kg
 2004, Gordon Chalmers, Ph.D.
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Excel lesson
= 66 / 1.62562
BMI = 25
(note that in Excel, the multiplication sign * must be included
when needed, Excel does not multiply round brackets)
practice writing formula with address for next score
copying formula to related test data points
Skills to demonstrate:
1. How to split the screen vertically and horizontally to view all of your data.
2. How to insert a new worksheet.
3. How to show a number in scientific notation in
excel
Copying excel material to word
For writing a report: You will produce a professional report by copying the graph and
pasting it into a Word document to create on Word file with text and figures. To copy the
graph to word: Select the graph (Ensure you select the whole graph, i.e., click near the
edge of the graph frame and see the outtermost edge of the graph indicated by the
selection box. Do not select only the axis portion of the graph by clicking at the center of
the graph.) Copy
the graph. Then open your word report document, and place the
cursor where you want the graph to go, and paste
the graph in.
For writing a report: Your word report must have page numbers. In the word program
use view >> header and footer >> click on left-most page # icon
The page # can be centered, as you center text using the format menu bar center icon
PE 506 - do advanced on plotting means with error bars, lesson near end of excel notes.
Plot a scattergram
do a scattergram
*
go to the DATA page
 2004, Gordon Chalmers, Ph.D.
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Excel lesson
TRICK: To view the top & bottom of your page that is too big to fit on a screen,
use a HORIZONTAL SPLIT SCREEN. Similarly, to view extreme right and left
sides beyond the view of the screen, use a VERTICAL SPLIT SCREEN.
TRICK: To select continuous data across a split screen- select the first cell in one
window, then shift+click of the last cell in the second window. The full range
between these two selections will be selected.
insert>>chart (OR click on chart wizard button
)
select CHART TYPE = XY(scatter), and select top left sub-type (plain scatter
graph)
click NEXT
select series in columns button (under Data Range tab)
select series tab
if any items are listed in the series box, click Remove until they are all gone
**
click on Add button
highlight X Values box to make it black
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the data you wish to plot on the
X axis (do not include column titles) (use JUMP1 for the demonstration)
highlight Y Values box to make it black
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the data you wish to plot on the
Y axis (do not include column titles) (use JUMP2 for the demonstration)
To plot two (or more) sets of data on one pair of axis.
If you have more than one data series to plot on the one graph (e.g., both males
& females on one graph) follow the procedures from * to ** above then...
Place in ONE cell adjacent to each of the pairs of data to be plotted a label for
each of the data pairs that you would like to appear in your figure legend
(e.g, Males, Females). This will usually be much better than using one of
the variable names for the figure legend.
click on Add button
click in Name box to place cursor there (this is an additional step from above)
select a cell containing the label of the data first set of data (e.g. "males")
highlight X Values box to make it black
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the first data (e.g., male data)
you wish to plot on the X axis (do not include column titles)
highlight Y Values box to make it black
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the corresponding first set data
you wish to plot on the Y axis (do not include column titles)
to add the second series, click on add AGAIN
click in Name box to place cursor there
select a cell containing the label of the data second set of data (e.g. "females")
highlight X Values box to make it black
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the second data (e.g., female
data) you wish to plot on the X axis (do not include column titles)
 2004, Gordon Chalmers, Ph.D.
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Excel lesson
highlight Y Values box to make it black
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the corresponding second set
data you wish to plot on the Y axis (do not include column titles)
continue as below
click NEXT
select Legend tab
turn off show legend (Keep legend if you have more than one set of data on one axis
pair)
select Gridlines tab
turn off Value (Y) axis Major Gridlines (not needed in this simple plot, may be
needed in more complex ones you make)
select Titles tab
enter appropriate title, and labels for both value (X) axis, & value (Y) axis
click NEXT
place graph as object in: then select the sheet for graph to go in (I suggest a
blank sheet)
(optionally: place graph as new sheet (but this appears to plot it full page size,
and I have not been able to resize it smaller))
click FINISH (finally)
name the sheet the graph is in (so you can find it)
NOW CHECK THE PLOT AGAINST THE DATA!!
Double click on any item in the graph you wish to modify (experiment!)
Optional - to set a fixed range on an axis:
Click on the axis line or tick label to open operation box
Use options in box to set reasonable (& not conflicting) min, max, step sizes, #
decimals displayed etc.
Skills to demonstrate:
1. How to remove fame and shading from a graph.
2. How and why to set the axis range, and have it be the same across two graphs you
wish to compare.
3. How to do 2 graphs on one axis pair.
4. How to change a graph once you make it (e.g. axis label, position of legend,
source data).
5. How to copy a graph and a range of cells to word.
To include a regression line and calculate the equation of the line
Click on the data set to select it, you can select one data set within a plot of more than
one data set.
Chart >> add trendline >> type = linear; options = automatic & display equation
Calculate a correlation
calculate a correlation
 2004, Gordon Chalmers, Ph.D.
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Excel lesson
place the cursor in the cell where you want the calculated value to appear
insert>> function (or use function wizard
)
category = statistical, then select CORREL
select range for each data set (array of data)
Do a paired t-test
do a t-test (paired)
tools>>data analysis>>t-test paired
select both variable ranges, including labels
enter 0 (zero) as hypothesized mean difference
ensure labels is selected
keep ALPHA = 0.05
select output to new page
Remember:
In excel 0.0002051 is written as 2.051E-4
stats terminology
dependent t-test
Independent t-test
excel terminology & menu choice
T test: paired two sample for means
T-test: two sample assuming equal variances
For writing a report: You will produce a professional report by copying the output
table and pasting it into a Word document. To copy the output table to word: Select the
range of cells you wish to copy. Copy
the range. Then open your word report
document, and place the cursor where you want the table to go, and paste
table in.
the data
print a single page
close excel file (or program) by clicking on small "x" box at top right of window
Save your work to your folder space on the WWU server
Backup your work
Ensure you have more than one copy of any work you care about!!!
 2004, Gordon Chalmers, Ph.D.
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Excel lesson
The following are advanced techniques required of PE 506 students, and potentially
useful for PE 306 students when writing lab reports.
Advanced bar graph techniques
To plot mean and standard deviation values for groups to report results.
We will use the following data to produce the following sample graph:
males
females
Mean Aerobic Capacity (ml/kg/min)
Pre-training
Post-training
45
50
30
40
Standard Deviation of Aerobic Capacity
(ml/kg/min)
Pre-training
Post-training
males
10
15
females
2.5
5
Maximum Aerobic Capacity
(ml/kg/min)
Mean Aerobic Capacity of Males & Females
70
60
50
*
40
Pre-training
Post-training
30
20
10
0
males
females
graph the means of variability of groups using the chart wizard
select CHART TYPE = COLUMN, and select top left sub-type (plain column
graph)
click NEXT
select series in columns button (under Data Range tab)
select series tab
if any items are listed in the series box, click Remove until they are all gone
click on Add button
click in Name box to place cursor there
select a cell containing the label of the data first set of data (e.g. "Pretraining"). This is the term that will appear in the figure legend.
highlight the Values box to select it
 2004, Gordon Chalmers, Ph.D.
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Excel lesson
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the first data (e.g., pretraining data for males & females, do not include column titles)
highlight "category (X) axis label" box to select it
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the bin values (i.e. males &
females)
to add the second data series, click on add AGAIN
click in Name box to place cursor there
select a cell containing the label of the data second set of data (e.g. "Posttraining"). This is the term that will appear in the figure legend
highlight the Values box to select it
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the second data (e.g., posttraining data for males & females, do not include column titles).
click NEXT
select Legend tab
turn on show legend (Keep legend if you have more than one set of data)
select Gridlines tab
turn off Value (Y) axis Major Gridlines (not needed in this simple plot, may be
needed in more complex ones you make)
select Titles tab
enter appropriate title, and labels for both category (X) axis, & value (Y) axis
click NEXT
place graph as object in the page you are working on
click FINISH (finally)
NOW CHECK THE PLOT AGAINST THE DATA!!
Now add the error bars to first data set:
Select ONE set of data. This means there will be ONE selection box in the
middle of each of the two columns for that data set (i.e., the male and
female pre-training data from one column).
Double click to open box
Select "Y Error Bars" tab ( if this tab is not available you did not select BOTH the
data columns in the previous step).
Select "Both" & "Custom"
Place cursor in "+" range box
Drag and select the column of male & female pretraining standard
deviation values
Place cursor in "-" range box
Drag and select the column of male & female pretraining standard
deviation values
Now add the error bars to second data set - by repeating the above procedure
for the second data set
Note:
 You can insert text (such as a symbol to mark significance) by using the text box in
the DRAWING toolbar.
 2004, Gordon Chalmers, Ph.D.
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Excel lesson



You can change the words used in the graph legend by changing the text of the
corresponding cell in the excel spreadsheet.
Changes in the data in the excel spreadsheet will automatically be replotted.
The same data can be plotted in an alternative organization, as shown below, by
starting with the option of "DATA IN ROWS", and changing the dragging directions
accordingly.
Maximum Aerobic Capacity
(ml/kg/min)
Mean Aerobic Capacity Pre and Post Training
for Both Sexes
70
60
50
40
m ales
30
fem ales
20
10
0
Pre-training
Post-training
Non-parametric test – Chi Squared
Chi Squared analysis
See sample data in Excel lesson data worksheet.
Organize table of Actual Observations
Calculate table of Expected Observations (using absolute and relative addresses)
Expected responses = (column total x row total) / N
Use function: CHITEST (use function help if needed)
Function returns probability
Note that you can copy the first Chi Squared test you build, and use it as a
template for additional questions.
 2004, Gordon Chalmers, Ph.D.
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