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Phylum Arthropoda Arthropoda • • • • • Name means “Joint” “foot” segmented coelomates with jointed appendages Exoskeletons of chitin Ecdysis (Molting) There are more known species of arthropods than all other phyla combined. • Hemocoel (coelom only in embryo, then reduced in growth) • Some fossils on land date back to before plants!! Groups (4 Separate Phyla ??): • Trilobite (extinct) • Uniramia – Centipedes – Millipedes – insects • Chelicerata – Spiders – Horseshoe crabs – Scorpions • Crustaceans Chelicerata – Spiders – Horseshoe crabs – Scorpioins Arachnids: spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, etc • Body in just two sections – Combined cepahalothorax and abdomen • 8 legs ( 4 segments to thorax) • No antennae • 1 pair of chlicera Horseshoe Crabs • Marine Chelicerate Mandibulata – Uniramia : Centipedes. Millipedes, Insects – Crustaceans Fig. 21.34 Basic Body plan • Head • Thorax • Abdomen Crustacea • Crabs, Lobsters, Shrimp, Barnacles, Crayfish • Rollie-Pollie “pill bugs” Crayfish anatomy Male Female Stomach HEART Gills Manidibular muscles Stomach • Gastric Mill (teeth) Green Glands • ( Aorta) Dorsal Hemolymph Vessel - red • Intestine (“vein” in restraunts) dark Insecta • • • • Basic Arthropod features Malpighian tubules Trachea , spiracles Ovipositors Fig. 21.27 Pronotum gizzard crop Gastric ceca Nervous System Ganglia # 46 Fig. 21.35 Pierce- Suck Siphoning Sponging Trachea # 40 Tracheal system attached to muscle Mouth parts # 41 Ovipositor Spiracles Tympanum Entomophagy (Yumm!!) • Good source of protein • Can be dried and powdered stores well Orthoptera • Grasshoppers, crickets • 2 pair of wings • 2 jumping legs • Extended pronotum covering dorsal thorax Lepitdoptera • Moths, Butterflies • 2 pairs of membranous wings, – covered in powdery scales Parts of the wing (do not need to know) Coleoptera • 2 pair of wings • 1 pair of wings leathery - Elytra – Meet in a line down back Lady Beetle Lady Beetle beetles Diptera • One pair of membranous wings • Halters – balance – direction Hymenoptera • • • • Bees, wasps, ants 2 pair of membranous wings Constricted abdomen Asexual reproduction is common(parthenogenesis) – Fertilized eggs (2n) become queens – Unfertilized eggs (n) are drones. – In some species reportedly have no males at all !! Reproduce by 2n eggs. Fig. CO 21 Fig. 21.28 Lepidoptera • 4 wings • Powdery scales • Butterflies, moths
