Download Aromalyne Training Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC) Level 3

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Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
LEVEL 3 DIPLOMA IN AROMATHERAPY
MODULE 15
KNOWLEDGE OF ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & PATHOLOGY FOR
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Module 8
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY WORKBOOK
Name: …………………………………………………………
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Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
Blood
What is blood? …………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
What are the functions of blood?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
List the composition of blood:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
Complete the following chart:
Type
Structure
Function
Erythrocytes
Leucocytes
(Granulocytes)
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
(Agranulocytes)
Monocytes
Platelets
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Blood Plasma
What is blood plasma and where it is found in the body?
What is its function?
Structure of Blood Plasma
Plasma consists of …………………The other ……………consists of the following:
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Complete the chart below:
Component
Description
Function
Water
Acts as a solvent and suspending medium for
carrying other substances. Also absorbs,
transports and releases heat
Proteins
Albumins – contribute to the osmotic pressure of
blood and transport fatty acids, some lipid-soluble
hormones and certain drugs
Globulins – transport lipids, hormones and some
mineral salts and function in defence
(immunoglobulins), produced by lymphocytes)
Fibrinogen – functions in blood clotting
Electrolytes
Maintain osmotic pressure, pH buffering and
regulation of membrane permeability. Also serve
as essential minerals
Nutrients
amino acids, glucose,
glycerol, fatty acids
Regulatory
substances
enzymes & hormones
Gases
Wastes
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The Heart
Location
Where is the heart located? ……………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Function
What is the function of the heart? ………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Structure
The heart is surrounded by a muscular wall. Complete the following chart:
Layer of heart
muscle
Structure
Function
A triple layered sac.
Fibrous tissue on outer layer
and double walled serous
pericardium on the inner
layer which is filled with
serous fluid.
It contracts to pump blood.
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Endocardium
Allows the smooth flow of blood
in the heart.
The heart is divided into ……………… chambers.
Complete the following chart indicating the names of each chamber:
How many valves does the heart have? ……………………………………………..
Name them:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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What is their function? …………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Complete the following:
The tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve lie between the ……………………….
and ……………………………………………
The pulmonary semilunar valve and aortic semilunar valve lie between the
…………………………….. and …………………………………………………..
What is the function of the septum? ……………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
Why are the chamber walls of the left ventricle much thicker than those of the right?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
Please label the following diagram. You can use the labels below to help you.
Superior vena cava
Right pulmonary artery
Left pulmonary artery
Aortic valve
Septum
Inferior vena cava
Arch of aorta
Pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary veins
Left pulmonary veins
Pulmonary valve
Right Atrioventricular valve
Aorta
Left Atrioventricular valve
Papillary muscle
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Cardiac Cycle
Describe the passage of blood through the heart by completing the following:
Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart from the body via the …………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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into the ………………………………………… At the same time, oxygenated blood
is returned to the heart from the lungs via the …………………………………………
into the left atrium. When the right atrium is full of deoxygenated blood, it spills
into the ………………………………………….. through the …………………………
When the left atrium is full of oxygenated blood, it spills into the …………………..
……………………through the ……………………………………..
This phase is called: ……………………………………………………………..
Relaxed cardiac muscle – the heart fills with blood under low pressure from the
veins.
When the ……………………………………….. is full, its walls contract, forcing
…………………………….…… blood out through the ……………………………………
into the ………………………………………………. and onto the lungs.
When the …………………………………………… is full, its walls contract, forcing
……………………………………. blood through the …………………………………..
into the …………………………….. and out to the body.
This phase is called: …………………………………………………………………….
Contracting cardiac muscle – the heart chambers empty themselves of blood.
Explain briefly the function of the sinoatrial node (SA):
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Explain briefly the function of the atrioventricular node (AV):
Blood Pressure
What is blood pressure? …………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
How is it measured and where? …………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
A normal blood pressure is considered to be: …………………………………………
What does this figure mean?
The top figure shows:
The bottom figure measures:
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Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
List the factors affecting blood pressure:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is the name of the condition in which deposits on linings of artery walls
obstructs the flow of blood causing the arteries to harden?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
What is the name of the condition in which arterial walls become thicker and less
elastic?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Describe coronary heart disease:
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Control of blood pressure by nerves
Nerves control the diameter of blood vessels. Describe what happens in the
following situations:
If blood pressure is
too low
If blood pressure is
too high
Pulse Rate
What is the pulse rate and where can it be measured?
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How is the pulse rate connected to the heart rate?
Control of blood pressure by nerves
Nerves control the diameter of blood vessels. Describe what happens in the
following situations:
If blood pressure is too
low
If blood pressure is too
high
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Below is a list of factors that affect pulse/heart rate. Give a short description of how
it is affected next to each one.
Factors
Exercise
Emotion
Age
Gender
Drugs
Temperature
Position
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Describe the following:
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Control of heart rate by hormones
List the hormones that can increase heart rate:
1.
2.
3.
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Circulation of Blood
Pulmonary & Systemic Circulation
Complete the following chart illustrating pulmonary and systemic circulation.
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Vena cava
Aorta and branches
Right atrium
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Capillary beds of lungs
Capillary beds of body tissues
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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Christina Lyne Ltd©2014
Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
Complete the following sentences:
Pulmonary circulation: the …………………………………… of the heart receives
……………………………………………. from the………………………………………
and pumps it to the …………………………… where it is …………………………
Systemic circulation: the …………………………………. of the heart receives
………………………………………. from ……………………………………………
and pumps it to …………………………………………
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Coronary Circulation
Complete the following chart illustrating the heart’s own blood vessels:
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Arch of aorta
Pulmonary artery
Left coronary artery
Right coronary artery
Branch of right coronary artery
Branch of left coronary artery
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
Complete the following sentences:
……………………………………………… passes through the ……………………….
from the ……………………………………… It divides at the ………………………..
……………………………………………………………… and branches within the
heart wall to form a vast network of …………………………………………………..
What is the function of the coronary circulation system?
Cardiac muscle can contract without the need of a nerve supply from the brain
provided it has a sufficient oxygen supply.
TRUE or FALSE
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Hepatic Portal Circulation
What is the function of this system?
Name the two main blood vessels that enter the liver:
1.
2.
Name the veins that drain deoxygenated blood into the hepatic portal vein:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
Complete the following chart:
Please see page 335 of Ruth Hull A&P book.
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Blood vessels
Complete the following charts:
Vessel
Structure
Function
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
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Vessel
Transports Blood From
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Veins
Venules
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Transports Blood To
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How exercise affects the circulatory system
What type of exercise elevates cardiac output and accelerates metabolic rate?
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Give some examples of this type of exercise.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………..
What increases the oxygen demand of muscles?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
In what way does aerobic exercise affect the circulatory system?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
Briefly describe blood shunting:
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