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GROSS ANATOMY OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Figure 6.21 Figure 6.22 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Naming Skeletal Muscles (I) 1. By location of muscle Ex: Temporalis (temporal bone), Oris (mouth) 2. By number of origins Ex: Triceps (three heads) 3. By direction of muscle fibers Ex: Rectus (straight) 4. By relative size of muscle Ex: Maximus (largest) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Naming Skeletal Muscles (II) 5. By location of muscle’s origin & insertion Ex: Sterno (on sternum), Cleido (clavicle) 6. By shape of muscle Ex: Deltoid (triangular), Trapezius (diamond) 7. By action of muscle Ex: Flexor & extensor (flexes or extends bone) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings I. Head & Neck Muscles Figure 6.15 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A. Facial Muscles Frontalis—raises eyebrows Orbicularis oculi—closes eyes, squints, blinks, winks Orbicularis oris—closes mouth & protrudes lips Buccinator—flattens cheek, chews Zygomaticus—raises corners of the mouth Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings B. Chewing Muscles Masseter—closes jaw & elevates mandible Temporalis—closes jaw Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings C. Neck Muscles Platysma—pulls corners of mouth inferiorly Sternocleidomastoid—flexes neck, rotates head Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Know these! Table 6.3 (1 of 3) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings II. Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm Figure 6.16a Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A. Chest Muscles Pectoralis major—adducts & flexes humerus Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings B. Abdominal Muscles Rectus abdominis—flexes vertebral column External & internal obliques—flex vertebral column; rotate trunk and bend it laterally Transversus abdominis—compresses abdomen Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 6.3 (2 of 3) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings C. Shoulder & Back Muscles Trapezius—elevates, depresses, & adducts scapula Latissimus dorsi—extends & adducts humerus Deltoid—arm abduction Figure 6.17a Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 6.4 (1 of 3) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings D. Arm Muscles Biceps brachii—supinates forearm, flexes elbow Brachialis—elbow flexion Triceps brachii—elbow extension Figure 6.17a Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 6.4 (2 of 3) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings III. Muscles of Lower Limb Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A. Muscles of the Pelvis (Hips) Gluteus maximus—hip extension Gluteus medius—hip abduction, steadies pelvis in walking Iliopsoas—hip flexion, keeps the upper body from falling backward when standing erect Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings B. Muscles of the Thigh (Anterior) Sartorius—flexes the thigh; “Tailor’s Muscle” Quadriceps group—extends the knee Rectus femoris Vastus muscles – medialis, intermedius, lateralis Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 6.3 (3 of 3) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings C. Muscles of the Thigh (Posterior) Hamstring group—thigh extension & knee flexion Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings D. Muscles of the Lower Leg Tibialis anterior—dorsiflexion of foot Gastrocnemius & Soleus—plantar flexion Figure 6.20a Figure 6.20b Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 6.4 (3 of 3) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Intramuscular Injection Sites Figure 6.18, 6.19b, d Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings