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Choose: The 8th World Congress on Power and Energy Engineering (WCPEE’2016)
Or:
International Journal on Power Engineering and Energy (IJPEE)
Application of Zero-Reflection Controllers on
Two-Dimensional Power Systems
W. Hassan
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
[email protected]
Abstract- This paper introduces the application of a zeroreflection controller (ZRC); designed for the two-dimensional
large electric power systems. The controller is designed to
oppose the effects of power system electromechanical wave
propagation that follow disturbances occurring at any point in
the mentioned power system. The continuum principle, which
considered for the proposed power system leads to a set of
nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE).
Keywords- ZRC, electromechanical wave propagation,
continuum model.
I. INTRODUCTION
Successful operation of power systems depends largely on
the engineer's ability to provide reliable and uninterrupted
service to the loads. Ideally, the loads must be fed from
constant voltage and frequency sources at all times. This
means that both voltage and frequency must be held within
tolerances so that the loads may operate satisfactorily [1].
According to these interconnections, the systems orders
become relatively high and the complexity is increased.
Therefore, the analysis of dynamic stability and controller's
design of these large interconnected under study systems
becomes difficult [2].
Each internal reactance of generator is considered very
small (approximately zero) and each shunt load has a
magnitude of 1.0 pu and with a 0.8 lagging power factor [5].
IV. ZRCs
Also, at termination, this coefficient becomes zero that
eliminates any reflection on the line. The same thing is
proposed to do in the continuum model of the power system
[6].
To find the characteristic impedance relating power flow
(P), wave speed (), frequency (), distance (x) and time (t);
consider forward traveling waves for both are given as:
x
P   P(t  )  P( y )

(2)
x

   (t  )   ( y )

   1 
  s  2 
(3)
 2h  V b 
and if the string of generators is terminated in such a way
that the power out of the string and the frequency at the end
of the string are held in constant ratio, then (C) will be:
Co  

P


V 2b
V. APPLICATION OF ZRCs ON POWER SYSTEMS
II. POWER SYSTEM MODEL
The simple derivation of power transmission equation
(PTE) proceeds with considering a generator that supplies a
variable current at constant voltage producing variable power.
The rotor acceleration in angle  is described by the swing
equation:
..
The ZRC is applied on the previous system. The controller
is proposed at the system boundaries. Figures (10) to (13)
illustrates the electromechanical wave propagation of rotor
angles with initial Gaussian disturbance centered at the 10th
and 10th generator at t = 3, 5, 10 and 20 seconds respectively.
.
M   D   Pm  Pe  Pa
(1)
Recently the spreading of disturbances in the power system
has been viewed by modeling the system as a continuum.
Tests based on synchronized PMU measurements have shown
glimpses of electromechanical wave propagation in the USA
[3-4].
III. SIMULATION OF UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED
TWO-DIMENSIONAL POWER SYSTEM
To simulate the proposed system, a 20x20 generator grid
system simulation was constructed using the MATLAB
package. All generators are considered constant voltage
behind reactance with 1.0 pu internal voltage.
Reference Number: 00-0-0000
Figure (8): Experimental system under study
VI. CONCLUSION
A new technique for the application of a ZRC that designed
for the two-dimensional power system has been presented in
this paper. The proposed ZRC is designed to oppose the
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Choose: The 8th World Congress on Power and Energy Engineering (WCPEE’2016)
Or:
International Journal on Power Engineering and Energy (IJPEE)
effects of power system electromechanical wave propagation
that follow disturbances occurring at any point in the
mentioned power system.
VII. REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control, EPRI
Power System Engineering, Series, McGraw-Hill,
1994.
B. C. Lesieutre and E. G. Verghese, A Zero-Reflection
Controller for Electromechanical Disturbances in
Power Networks, Power Systems Computation
Conference (PSCC), Sevilla, 24-28 June 2002.
[3]
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