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Chinese
Philosophies
and Religions
Confucianism
 Learning Objective:
 Students will 1) gain
an overview of the
beliefs of Confucius
and 2) will be able to
describe how
Confucianism
influenced Imperial
China.
What is Confucianism?
 Confucianism is a
philosophy based on
the teachings of
Confucius, who lived
in China from 551 to
479 B.C.
 Philosophy: a way of
thinking and behaving
(study of ideas)
Think/Pair/Share
 A’s tell B’s what a philosophy is
 B’s tell A’s
 I will now pick someone to explain to the
class
Who?
Who?
Where?
Fill in Your Graphic Organizer
When?
Where?
.
Impact on
Imperial
China:
Today
When?
Today
Philosophy
Beliefs
Beliefs
YIN and YANG
Confucianism
Who?
Who?
By Confucius
Where?
When?
Began in
China
Where?
551 B.C.
.
Impact on
Imperial
China
Today
When?
Today
Philosophy
Beliefs
Beliefs
YIN and YANG
Confucianism
Daoism
Confucian Beliefs
 Confucius’s ideas
focused on creating
a peaceful society
 Proper conduct
(behavior) in all
things
 Respect for elders
 Education
 Government service
 Confucian ideas
focused on 5
relationships





1. ruler and subject
2. parent and child
3. husband and wife
4.sibling and sibling
5. friend and friend
Sibling: brother or sister
 In each relationship,
some were above and
some were below.
 Those above should be
kind to those below, and
those below should
respect and obey those
above.
 Example: A ruler should
be kind to his people,
and the people should
be loyal and obey the
ruler.
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 What values did Confucius believe would
create a peaceful, stable society?
 A. Proper conduct
 B. respect for elders
 C. education
 D. government service
 E. All of the above
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 What values did Confucius believe would
create a peaceful, stable society?
 E. All of the above
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 According to Confucius, rulers had a duty
to
 A. Expand the empire
 B. Treat all people equally
 C. Be kind to their subjects
 D. Ask everybody’s opinion
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 According to Confucius, rulers had a duty
to
 C. Be kind to their subjects
Who?
Who?
Confucius
Chinese philosopher
Where?
When?
China
Where?
551 B.C.
.
Impact on
Imperial
China
Today
When?
Today
Philosophy
Beliefs
Beliefs
Use right relationships to
Produce social order
Respect family and elders
Educate everyone
Act in morally correct ways
Government service
Confucianism
YIN and YANG
Daoism
Confucianism’s Influence
on Imperial China
 Chinese rulers felt that
government workers who
had studied Confucius
would be rational, moral,
and able to maintain
order.
 Confucius’s ideas
became the basis of civil
service exams in China,
starting in the Han
dynasty
 Civil service exam: a
test required to become
a government worker
 By the time of the Song dynasty, a true
meritocracy was created. People from all
classes could study the teachings of Confucius
and work for the government.
 Meritocracy: rule by officials of proven merit (worth)
 Briefly, under the rule of the Mongols,
Confucianism was not seen as important, and
Chinese lost key government jobs to Mongols
and foreigners.
 After China re-established their own
government under the Ming dynasty,
Confucianism again became an important
influence in Chinese life.
 Chinese today continue to practice many of
Confucius’s ideas.
Think / Pair / Share
 Tell your partner in your own words how
Confucianism influenced Imperial China.
 A’s tell B’s
 B’s tell A’s
 I will now pick students to explain to the
class.
Buddhism
 Learning Objective:
Students will gain an
overview of Buddhism
and describe how its
beliefs made it an
attractive religion that
spread throughout Tang
China, Korea, and
Japan.
What is Buddhism?
Missionary: someone
who travels so they can
teach their religion to
others
 Buddhism is a religion
based on the life of
Siddhartha Gautama,
known as The Buddha,
which means “enlightened
one.”
 The Buddha lived in India
from 563 to 483 B.C.
 Missionaries and traders
brought the religion to
China during the Han
dynasty.
Whiteboards!
 Where did Buddhism originate (begin)?
 India
Basic Buddhist Beliefs
 Buddhists believe in 4 Noble Truths:
1. All life is suffering and pain
2. Suffering and pain are caused by desire for
wealth, pleasure, fame, and power.
3. To end suffering, one must overcome desire
and achieve “Nirvana”: the condition of
desiring nothing
4. To overcome desire, one must follow the
Middle Way or Eightfold Path
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 What is Nirvana?
 A. Desiring everything
 B. Desiring nothing
 C. Serving the government
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 What is Nirvana?
 B. Desiring nothing
Beliefs continued…
 Until Nirvana is reached, people are caught in a
cycle of death and re-birth, known as
reincarnation.
 To achieve Nirvana, believers meditate and
follow the eightfold path: right view, right
mindfulness, right intentions, right speech, right
actions, right livelihood, right effort, right
concentration.
 Meditate: intense concentration to clear the mind
and focus on a religious thought or object
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 What does Buddhism believe about
suffering?
 A. The cause of suffering is desire.
 B. Suffering can stop if you succeed and
become wealthy.
 C. Nothing can be done to overcome
suffering
 D. You should just live with it.
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 What does Buddhism believe about
suffering?
 A. The cause of suffering is desire.
Who?
Where?
Siddhartha Gautama
Started in India.
Missionaries and traders
brought it to China
566-486 B.C
Today
When?
During the
Han Dynasty
206 BC-220 AD
Philosophy
The cause of suffering is desire
Goal: To enter Nirvana --A condition
of desiring nothing= no suffering=
escape cycle of rebirth
Do this by meditation and
following the Eightfold Path
Buddhism
Why did Buddhism appeal to Chinese and
Spread in Tang China, Korea, and Japan?
Eightfold Path
Who?
Where?
Siddhartha Gautama
Started in India.
Missionaries and traders
brought it to China
566-486 B.C
Today
When?
During the
Han Dynasty
206 BC-220 AD
Philosophy
The cause of suffering is desire
Goal: To enter Nirvana --A condition
of desiring nothing= no suffering=
escape cycle of rebirth
Do this by meditation and
following the Eightfold Path
Buddhism
Why did Buddhism appeal to Chinese and
Spread in Tang China, Korea, and Japan?
Eightfold Path
Right
Mindfulness
Right
Concentration
Right View
Right Intentions
Right
Speech
Right Action
Right Effort
Right Livelihood
Buddhism Spreads
 Why does
Buddhism
become
popular in
China?
 During the Period of Disunion,
life was difficult and harsh.
 The idea that suffering could be
overcome was very comforting.
 After the reunification of China,
Buddhism takes on greater
importance during the Tang
dynasty, and blends with the
ideas of Confucianism in
Chinese culture.
 Buddhism also spreads to the countries of
Korea and Japan.
 Today, 500 million people throughout the
world believe in Buddhism.
Who?
Where?
Siddhartha Gautama
Started in India.
Missionaries and traders
brought it to China
566-486 B.C
Today
When?
During the
Han Dynasty
206 BC-220 AD
Philosophy
The cause of suffering is desire
Goal: To enter Nirvana --A condition
of desiring nothing= no suffering=
escape cycle of rebirth
Do this by meditation and
following the Eightfold Path
Buddhism
Why did Buddhism appeal to Chinese and
Spread in Tang China, Korea, and Japan?
The Idea that suffering could be
overcome was comforting in difficult
times.
Missionaries actively spread the
religion.
Eightfold Path
Right
Mindfulness
Right
Concentration
Right View
Right Intentions
Right
Speech
Right Action
Right Effort
Right Livelihood
Who?
Where?
Siddhartha Gautama
Started in India.
Missionaries and traders
brought it to China
566-486 B.C
Today
When?
During the
Han Dynasty
206 BC-220 AD
Philosophy
The cause of suffering is desire
500 million. people
South East Asia, India,
Japan China
England USA
Goal: To enter Nirvana --A condition
of desiring nothing= no suffering=
escape cycle of rebirth
Do this by meditation and
following the Eightfold Path
Buddhism
Eightfold Path
Why did Buddhism appeal to Chinese and
Spread in Tang China, Korea, and Japan?
Right
Mindfulness
The Idea that suffering could be overcome
was comforting in difficult times.
Right
Concentration
Missionaries actively spread the religion.
Right View
Right Intentions
Right
Speech
Right Action
Right Effort
Right Livelihood
Think / Pair / Share
 Tell your partner in your own words why
many people in China turned to
Buddhism.
 A’s tell B’s
 B’s tell A’s
 I will now pick students to explain to the
class.
Daoism
(Taoism)
 Learning Objective:
Students will be able to
identify China’s other
major religion and
define the concept of
yin and yang.
What is Daoism?
 Daoism is a religion
based on the teachings
of Lao-tzu, who lived in
Daoist beliefs
 Daoism believes in achieving harmony
with the force of nature.
 It is important to have a balance between
opposite natural forces. These forces
are called Yin and Yang.
 Example: female/male, earth/sky,
dark/light, cold/heat.
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



Yin and Yang are:
A. Opposing natural forces
B. Two old Chinese Philosophers
C. A Buddhist belief
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 Yin and Yang are:
 A. Opposing natural forces
Think / Pair / Share
 List the 3 major Chinese philosophies
and religions.
 A’s tell B’s
 B’s tell A’s
 I will now pick someone to explain to the
class.
REVIEW
Whiteboards!
 What values did Confucius believe would
create a peaceful, stable society?
 A. Proper conduct
 B. respect for elders
 C. education
 D. government service
 E. All of the above
Whiteboards!
 What values did Confucius believe would
create a peaceful, stable society?
 E. All of the above
Whiteboards
 According to Confucius, rulers had a duty
to
 A. Expand the empire
 B. Treat all people equally
 C. Be kind to their subjects
 D. Ask everybody’s opinion
Whiteboards
 According to Confucius, rulers had a duty
to
 C. Be kind to their subjects
Whiteboards
 What is Nirvana?
 A. Desiring everything
 B. Desiring nothing
 C. Serving the government
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 What is Nirvana?
 B. Desiring nothing
Think / Pair / Share
 Tell your partner in your own words why
many people in China turned to
Buddhism.
 A’s tell B’s
 B’s tell A’s
 I will now pick students to explain to the
class.
Whiteboards




Yin and Yang are:
A. Opposing natural forces
B. Two old Chinese Philosophers
C. A Buddhist belief
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 Yin and Yang are:
 A. Opposing natural forces
Whiteboards
 What does Buddhism believe about
suffering?
 A. The cause of suffering is desire.
 B. Suffering can stop if you succeed and
become wealthy.
 C. Nothing can be done to overcome
suffering
 D. You should just live with it.
Whiteboards
 What does Buddhism believe about
suffering?
 A. The cause of suffering is desire.