Download Renal System

Renal System
Caroll Bai & Brianna Estrada
Period: 4
Anatomy/ Physiology
Overview
❖ Consists of the two
kidneys, ureters, the
bladder, and the urethra
❖ Produces, stores, and
eliminates fluid waste
Structure- Kidneys
❖ Location
❖ Function
❖ Regions
➢ Renal sinus, pelvis,
medulla, cortex,
capsule
➢ Medulla and cortex
❖ Nephron: functional unit
of a kidney
Structure- Kidney pathway
❖ Vasculature
➢ Renal arteries, abdominal
aorta, interlobar arteries,
arcuate arteries, afferent
arterioles, glomerular
capillaries, efferent
arterioles, and peritubular
capillaries
➢ Renal veins
Structure- Ureters
❖
Ureters
➢
Tubular organ,
extends from each
kidney to bladder (25
cm long)
➢ Mucous, muscular,
fibrous coat
➢ Peristalsis
Structure- Bladder
❖ Bladder
➢ Trigone
➢ Inner layer- mucous
coat
➢ Second layersubmucous coat
➢ Third layer- muscular
coat
➢ Outer layer- serous coat
Structure- Urethra
❖ Urethra
➢ Function
■ Tube that carries
urine from
bladder to outside
of body
➢ Gender difference
➢ Urethral glands
Nephron- Renal Corpuscle
❖ Glomerulus
➢
Filters water and
dissolved substances
from plasma
❖ Bowman’s Capsule
➢
Receives the
glomerular filtrate
Nephron- Renal Tubule
❖ Proximal convoluted tubule
➢ Tubular reabsorption
❖ Loop of Henle
➢ Descending limb
■ Reabsorption of water
by osmosis
➢ Ascending limb
■ Reabsorption of metal
ions by active transport
❖ Distal convoluted tubule
➢ Tubular secretion by active
transport
Nephron- Collecting Duct
❖ Reabsorption of
water by osmosis
Urine Creation
❖ Afferent & efferent arterioles
❖ Structures involved
➢ Nephron
➢ Glomerulus
➢ Bowman’s Capsule
➢ Loop of Henle
➢ Collecting duct
❖ Glomerular filtration
❖ Tubular reabsorption
❖ Tubular secretion
Glomerular Filtration
❖
❖
❖
❖
Bowman’s Capsule
Permeable capillaries (fenestrae)
Filters by size of molecule
Filtered
➢ H2O
➢ NaCl, K+, HCO3➢ Glucose
➢ Amino Acids
➢ Creatinine
➢ Urea
Tubular Reabsorption
❖ Proximal convoluted tubule (but happens all throughout)
❖ Reabsorbed back into blood:
➢ K+
➢ H2O
➢ NaCl
➢ Amino acids
➢ HCO3➢ Glucose
■ If present in urine, could indicate abnormality
Tubular Secretion
❖ Distal convoluted tubule
❖ Secreted:
➢
Uric acid
➢ K+
➢ H+
➢ Organic acids
■ Antibiotics (penicillin)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
❖ How much blood passes
through the glomeruli each
minute
❖ Tests efficiency of kidneys
❖ Affected by:
➢ Filtration pressure
➢ RAAS (Renin Angiotensin
Aldosterone System)
➢ ANP (Atrial Natriuretic
Peptide)
■ Increases GFR
■ Increases Na+
excretion
Filtration Pressure
❖ Hydrostatic Pressure
➢ Glomerular- blood
■ “Pushing” ex.
balloon
➢ Capsule- filtrate
■ “Pulling”
❖ Colloid Osmotic (Oncotic)
➢ “Pulling” ex. sponge
❖ Net Pressure
➢ All pressures added
together
Urine Regulation
❖
ADH
➢
Regulates water
reabsorption in
collecting duct
➢ Low ADH: diluted
urine
➢ High ADH:
concentrated urine
Urine
❖ Composition
➢ Mostly water
➢ Urea, uric acid, and creatinine
➢ Some amino acids and electrolytes
❖ Renal clearance: rate at which a chemical is removed
from the plasma
❖ Insulin clearance test & creatinine clearance test
❖ Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)
Micturition (Urinary reflex)
❖ The process or reflex or
urinating
❖ Structures
➢ Bladder
➢ Micturition reflex center
➢ Detrusor muscle
➢ Internal urethral
sphincter
➢ External urethral
sphincter
Works Cited
"Aldosterone." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Apr. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldosterone>.
"Forces of Filtration." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMvD29-Agtg>.
"Glomerular Filtration Rate: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of
Medicine, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007305.htm>.
"Nephron Function." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNvZaGcLzEo>.
"Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDE2qdS2ZvY>.