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KABARAK UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015 ACADEMIC YEAR FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CLINICAL MEDICINE CMED 121: HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY DAY: THURSDAY DATE: 13/8/2015 TIME: 14:00PM – 16:00PM STREAM: Y1S2 INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS TIME= 2 HOURS SECTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION (20 MARKS) 1. What type of tissue lines the bladder? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium 2. What type of tissue lines most ducts? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Page 1 of 8 3.What type of epithelium is associated with goblet cells? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium 4. What type of epithelial cells are as tall as they are wide? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Cuboidal e. Columnar 5.What do you call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood vessels? a. Epithelioid tissue b. Mesothelium c. Endothelium d. Transitional e. Pseudostratified 6.What are the folds on the inner mitochodrial membrane called? a. Plasmalemma b. Glycocalyx c. Protoplasm d. Cristae e. Ground substance 7.Which organelle is involved in lipid metabolism? a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. Lysosome d. Golgi apparatus e. Mitochondria 8.Which organelle contains detoxifying enzymes? a. Ribosomes b. Peroxisome c. Microfilaments d. Centrioles e. Nucleoli 9.Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle? a. Microtubules b. Lysosomes Page 2 of 8 c. Peroxisomes d. Mitochondria e. Endoplasmic reticulum 10.What is the limiting membrane of a cell? a. Plasmalemma b. Glycocalyx c. Protoplasm d. Cristae e. Ground substance 11) In which period of development are most organ systems highly susceptible to injury? a) Early development b)Embryonic development c) First trimester d) Second trimester e) Third trimester 12) The correct order for origin and migration of germ cells is: a) Epiblast to yolk sac to ventral mesentery to genital ridge b) Epiblast to yolk sac to dorsal mesentery to genital ridge c) Epiblast to hypoblast to genital ridge d) Epiblast to mesoderm to genital ridge e) Epiblast to yolk sac to mesoderm to genital ridge 13) In male gametogenesis, what is the role of Sertoli cells? a) Form junctional complex b) Attach to basal lamina c) Isolate gamete cells d) Replicate Type A pale spermatogonia e) Give rise to a population of Type B spermatogonia 14) Where does the process of sperm capacitation take place? a) Within the testes b) Within the male urethra c) Within the female genital tract d) Within the ovum e) Within the embryo 15) In what phase to the oogonia become arrested until puberty? a) Meiosis II metaphase b) Meiosis II prophase c) Meiosis I metaphase d) Meiosis I prophase e) G-phase 16) Which structure bounds the cells after fertilization as they compact to form the morula? a) Zona pellucida b) Corona radiata Page 3 of 8 c) Pronucleus d) Inner cell mass e) Outer cell mass 17) As the first week begins, the embryoblast forms. It is called an embryoblast because of the cavity between the inner cell (embryoblast) and outer cell mass (trophoblast). This cavity is called the: a) Antrum b) Embryonic gap c) Trophoblastic reticulum d) Epiblast e) Blasoceole 18) An ectopic pregnancy would occur if implantation occurred in all of the following places EXCEPT: a) Rectum b) Bladder c) Uterus d) Cervix e) Fallopian tube 19) The cells of the embryoblast form the hypoblast and epiblast, which begin to form the cavity. a) Chorionic b) Antrum c) Blasoceole d) Amniotic e) Epiblastic 20) The two layers of extraembryonic mesoderm are called: a) Endoderm; Mesoderm b) Primary; Secondary c) Somatopleuric; Splanchnopleuric d) Mesenchyme; Parachyme e) Epiblast; Hypoblast 21. What is the result of the cortical reaction? a) The corona radiata forms b) The zona pellucida forms c) Sperm can now enter the egg d) Sperm can no longer enter the egg e) Acrosomes are removed 22. Which of the following does NOT take place during fertilization? a) Male pronucleus forms b) Endometrial implantation occurs c) Restoration of a diploid genome d) Determination of genetic sex of the embryo Page 4 of 8 e) Cleavage initiated 23. Which structure bounds the cells after fertilization as they compact to form the morula? a) Zona pellucida b) Corona radiata c) Pronucleus d) Inner cell mass e) Outer cell mass 24. As the first week begins, the embryoblast forms. It is called an embryoblast because of the cavity between the inner cell (embryoblast) and outer cell mass (trophoblast). This cavity is called the: a) Antrum b) Embryonic gap c) Trophoblastic reticulum d) Epiblast e) Blasoceole 25. An ectopic pregnancy would occur if implantation occurred in all of the following places EXCEPT: a) Rectum b) Bladder c) Uterus d) Cervix e) Fallopian tube 26. The cells of the embryoblast form the hypoblast and epiblast, which begin to form the cavity. a) Chorionic b) Antrum c) Blasoceole d) Amniotic e) Epiblastic 27. The two layers of extraembryonic mesoderm are called: a) Endoderm; Mesoderm b) Primary; Secondary c) Somatopleuric; Splanchnopleuric d) Mesenchyme; Parachyme e) Epiblast; Hypoblast 28. On day nine, trophoblastic lacunae and maternal sinusoids begin to form around what cells: a) Exdoderm b) Extraembryonic coelom c) Extraembryonic splanchnopleuric d) Exocoelomic e) Syncytiotrophoblast 29. The cells continue to divide from the trophoblast are called: a) Syncytiotrophoblast Page 5 of 8 b) Cytotrophoblast c) Epiblast d) Hypoblast e) Tertiary stem villi 30A patient is being seen due to hypertension and vaginal bleeding, four months into her pregnancy. High levels of hCG are found but no inner cell mass (embryo) is present. What is likely her diagnosis? a) Hydatidiform mole b) Ectopic pregnancy c) Placenta previa d) Placenta abruption e) Placenta accreta SECTION 2: WRITE WHETHER TRUE–FALSE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS) 1. All of the cells of simple epithelia are in contact with the basement membrane and exposed to the surface. 2. Epithelia can function as chemoreceptors. 3. The stratum basale is the mitotically active layer of stratified squamous epithelium. 4. Skeletal muscle fibers are characterized by multiple nuclei and bifurcating (branching) fibers. 5. Exocrine glands secrete through ducts that always lead to the surface of the skin. 6. The trophoblast becomes a part of the placenta. 7. Within the embryoblast, the slitlike space adjacent to the trophoblast is called the blastocyst cavity. 8. Endoderm borders the blastocyst cavity. 9. The embryonic period is between the 3rd to 8th weeks of IUL 10. Division of the centromere marks the beginning of Anaphase SECTION C: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 marks each) 1: What changes occur during the maturation of a spermatid into a spermatozoon? 2: List 5 properties of an organism 3: List 5 histological properties of a skeletal muscle 4: List 5 cells of the connective tissue Page 6 of 8 5: Name the 3 connective tissues giving examples of where they are located 6; List 5 characteristics of a connective tissue SECTION D: LONG ESSAY QUESTIONS 1. Discuss the process of spermatogenesis (20 Marks) 2. Namederivatives of each of the 3 germ layers (20 Marks ) Page 7 of 8 Page 8 of 8