Download evaporation-transpiration-and-cloud-formation

1. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a weather system
that is affecting part of the United States.
Which sequence of events forms the clouds associated with this weather system?
A) Moist air rises and becomes saturated in clean air.
B) Moist air rises, becomes saturated, and condenses on microscopic particles.
C) Moist air falls and reaches the dewpoint in clean air.
D) Moist air falls, reaches the dewpoint, and condenses on microscopic particles.
Base your answers to questions 2 and 3 on the
4. A strong west wind steadily blew over Lake Ontario
diagram below, which shows the frontal boundary
picking up moisture. As this moist air flowed over the
between mT and cP air masses.
Tug Hill Plateau, the plateau received a 36-inch
snowfall. This snow fell from clouds that formed
when rising air was
2. Why do clouds and precipitation usually occur along
the frontal surface?
A) The warm air rises, expands, and cools.
B) The warm air sinks, expands, and warms.
C) The cool air rises, compresses, and cools.
D) The cool air sinks, compresses, and warms.
3. If the front at ground level is moving toward city B.
which type of weather front is shown?
A) cold front
C) occluded front
B) warm front
D) stationary front
A) cooled by expansion, causing water vapor to
condense
B) cooled by compression, causing water vapor to
condense
C) warmed by expansion, causing water vapor to
evaporate
D) warmed by compression, causing water vapor to
evaporate
5. The flowchart below shows part of Earth's water
cycle. The question marks indicate a part of the
flowchart that has been deliberately left blank.
Which process should be shown in place of the
question marks to best complete the flowchart?
A) condensation
B) deposition
C) evaporation
D) infiltration
6. By which process are clouds, dew, and fog formed?
A) condensation
B) evaporation
C) precipitation
D) melting
7. A diagram of the water cycle is shown below. Letters
A through D represent the processes taking place.
Which arrow represents the process of transpiration?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
8. Which two processes lead to cloud formation in rising
air?
A) compressing and cooling
B) compressing and warming
C) expanding and cooling
D) expanding and warming
9. When would the water in a Georgia pond evaporate
fastest?
A) in January, when the pond is frozen
B) in March, when the pond ice is melting
C) in May on a calm, sunny day
D) in July on a hot, windy day
10. The flowchart below shows one process by which
moisture enters the atmosphere.
The last step of this process is known as
A) condensation
C) radiation
B) convection
D) transpiration
11. A container of water is placed in an open area
outdoors so that the evaporation rate may be
observed. The water will probably evaporate fastest
when the air is
A) cool and humid
B) cool and dry
C) warm and humid D) warm and dry
12. Which process occurs when water vapor moves out
of the leaves of a tree into the atmosphere?
A) condensation
B) infiltration
C) runoff
D) transpiration
13. Which sequence of events affecting moist air within
Earth's atmosphere causes cloud formation?
A) rising ® expanding ® cooling ®
condensation
B) rising ® contracting ® warming ®
evaporation
C) sinking ® expanding ® warming ®
condensation
D) sinking ® contracting ® cooling ®
evaporation
Base your answers to questions 14 and 15 on the diagram of the water cycle below. Letter A
represents a process in the water cycle. Points X and Y represent locations on Earth's surface.
14. The process represented by A is
A) precipitation
B) transpiration C) condensation D) saturation
15. Which process in the water cycle is directly responsible for cloud formation?
A) condensation
B) infiltration
C) precipitation
16. The diagram below shows air rising from the Earth's
surface to form a thunderstorm cloud.
D) evaporation
18. Two identical towels are hanging on a clothesline in
a sunny location. One towel is wet, the other is dry.
What is one reason that the wet towel feels cooler
than the dry towel?
A) Water in the wet towel is evaporating.
B) Water in the wet towel prevents absorption of
heat energy.
C) The dry towel receives more heat energy from
the Sun than the wet towel does.
D) The dry towel has more room for heat storage
than the wet towel does.
19. Which graph best illustrates the relationship between
rate of evaporation and air temperature?
A)
B)
C)
D)
According to the Lapse Rate chart, what is the
height of the base of the thunderstorm cloud when
the air at the Earth's surface has a temperature of
20°C and a dewpoint of 12°C?
A) 1.0 km
B) 1.5 km
C) 3.0 km
D) 0.7 km
17. Which process requires water to gain heat energy
from the environment?
A) evaporation
C) infiltration
B) condensation
D) precipitation
20. In which environment is the amount of transpiration usually the greatest?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the water cycle diagram shown below. Some arrows are
numbered 1 through 4 and represent various processes.
21. Which numbered arrow best represents the process of transpiration?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
22. The clouds have formed primarily because moist air
A) rises, expands, and cools
C) sinks, compresses, and cools
B) rises, expands, and warms
D) sinks, compresses, and warms
23. Under which atmospheric conditions will water most
likely evaporate at the fastest rate?
A)
B)
C)
D)
hot, humid, and calm
hot, dry, and windy
cold, humid, and windy
cold, dry, and calm
D) 4
Base your answers to questions 24 and 25 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth
science. The diagram represents the water cycle. Letters A through C represent different processes in
the water cycle.
24. In order for process A to occur, liquid water must
A) gain 334 Joules per gram
C) lose 334 Joules per gram
25. Which process is represented by letter B?
A) capillarity
B) gain 2260 Joules per gram
D) lose 2260 Joules per gram
B) transpiration C) infiltration
26. All of the containers shown below contain the same
volume of water and are at room temperature. In a
two-day period, from which container will the least
amount of water evaporate?
A)
B)
C)
D)
D) precipitation
27. Base your answer to the following question on
the reading passage about lake-effect snow and the radar image map below, and on your knowledge
of Earth science. The radar map shows areas where snowfall was occurring. The whitest area
indicates where snowfall was heaviest.
Lake-Effect Snow
In late fall, cold air originating in Canada and then moving over the Great Lakes often produces
lake-effect snow in New York State.
When the cold air mass moves across large areas of warmer lake water, water vapor enters the cold
air. When this moist air moves over the cooler land, the moisture comes out of the atmosphere as
snow. The effect is enhanced when the air that flows off the lake is forced over higher land
elevations. The areas affected by lake-effect snow can receive many inches of snow per hour. As the
lakes gradually freeze, the ability to produce lake-effect snow decreases.
Which list indicates the correct sequence in the formation of a lake-effect snow cloud?
A)
B)
C)
D)
air contracts as it sinks ® air warms to the dewpoint 
® water evaporates
air expands as it rises ® air warms to the dewpoint ® water vapor condenses
air contracts as it sinks ® air cools to the dewpoint 
® water evaporates
air expands as it rises 
® air cools to the dewpoint ® water vapor condense
28. The arrows in the diagram below represent processes
in the water cycle.
Which processes in the water cycle are identified by
the numbered arrows?
A) Process 1 is transpiration; process 2 is
runoff.
B) Process 1 is precipitation; process 2 is runoff.
C) Process 1 is condensation; process 2 is
infiltration.
D) Process 1 is evaporation; process 2 is
infiltration.
29. The letters A through D in the cross section below represent four of the processes that are part of the
water cycle.
Which table correctly matches each letter with the process that it represents
A)
B)
C)
D)
30. People sometimes release substances into the
atmosphere to increase the probability of rain by
36. Cloud formation is likely to occur in rising air
because rising air
A) raising the air temperature within the clouds
B) providing condensation nuclei
C) lowering the relative humidity within the
clouds
D) increasing the energy absorbed during
condensation and sublimation
31. Under which set of atmospheric conditions does
water usually evaporate at the fastest rate?
A) expands and cools
B) expands and warms
C) contracts and cools
D) contracts and warms
37. Moisture is evaporating from a lake into stationary
air at a constant temperature. As more moisture is
added to this air, the rate at which water will
evaporate will probably
A) warm temperatures, calm winds, and high
humidity
B) warm temperatures, high winds, and low
humidity
C) cold temperatures, calm winds, and low
humidity
D) cold temperatures, high winds, and high
humidity
32. Which event will most likely occur in rising air?
A) decrease
B) increase
C) remain the same
38. The diagram below shows a cross section of a cold
front.
A) clearing skies
B) cloud formation
C) decreasing relative humidity
D) increasing temperature
33. In order for clouds to form, cooling air must be
A) saturated and have no condensation nuclei
B) saturated and have condensation nuclei
C) unsaturated and have no condensation nuclei
D) unsaturated and have condensation nuclei
34. In order for clouds to form, cooling air must be
A) saturated and have no condensation nuclei
B) saturated and have condensation nuclei
C) unsaturated and have no condensation nuclei
D) unsaturated and have condensation nuclei
35. Under which conditions is a cloud most likely to
form at the Earth's surface?
A) The air temperature is above the dewpoint, and
no condensation nuclei are present.
B) The air temperature is at the dewpoint, and
condensation nuclei are abundant.
C) The relative humidity is zero, and condensation
nuclei are abundant.
D) The air temperature and air pressure are stable,
and condensation nuclei are scarce.
The cloud formation and precipitation shown in the
cross section are caused by the
A) rising of cold, moist air
B) sinking of cold, moist air
C) rising of warm, moist air
D) sinking of warm, moist air
39. The table below shows the air temperature and
dewpoint at each of four locations, A, B, C, and D.
Based on these measurements, which location has
the greatest chance of precipitation?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
40. By which process do plants add water vapor to the
atmosphere?
A) precipitation
C) condensation
B) transpiration
D) absorption
41. The rate of evaporation from the surface of a lake
would be increased by
46. The arrows in the diagram below represent the
movement of water in the water cycle.
A) a decrease in wind velocity
B) a decrease in the amount of insolation
C) an increase in the surface area of the lake
D) an increase in the moisture content of the air
42. The graph below is a computer-generated forecast of
air temperature and dewpoint for a city during a
period of 2 days.
Which arrow represents the process of transpiration?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
47. What is the most effective method for increasing the
rate of evaporation of a given amount of water?
At which time during this period is the rate of
evaporation expected to be highest?
A) April 27 at 10 a.m.
B) April 28 at 10 a.m.
C) April 28 at 4 p.m.
D) April 29 at 4 a.m.
43. Which substance is a form of precipitation?
A) frost B) hail C) fog D) dew
44. A student uses a sling psychrometer outdoors on a
clear day. The dry-bulb (air) temperature is 10°C.
The water on the wet bulb will most likely
A) condense, causing the wet-bulb temperature to
be higher than the air temperature
B) condense, causing the wet-bulb temperature to
be equal to the air temperature
C) evaporate, causing the wet-bulb temperature
to be lower than the air temperature
D) evaporate, causing the wet-bulb temperature to
be equal to the air temperature
45. Which process most directly results in cloud
formation?
A) condensation
C) precipitation
B) transpiration
D) radiation
A) decreasing the water's temperature
B) decreasing the air movement over the water's
surface
C) increasing the water's surface area
D) increasing the air pressure over the water's
surface
48. Which is a form of precipitation?
A) frost B) snow C) dew D) fog
49. Which graph best represents the relationship
between the moisture-holding capacity (ability to
hold moisture) of the atmosphere and atmospheric
temperature?
A)
B)
C)
D)
50. Which processes of the water cycle return water
vapor directly to the atmosphere?
55. When a person leaves the ocean after swimming on a
windy day, the person usually feels cold because
A) evaporation and transpiration
B) infiltration and capillarity
C) freezing and precipitation
D) water retention and runoff
51. The greatest source of moisture entering the
atmosphere is evaporation from the surface of
A) water evaporates from the skin
B) water condenses on the skin
C) salt is absorbed through the skin
D) radiation is absorbed through the skin
56. Which graph best represents the relationship
between water droplet size and the chance of
precipitation?
A) the land
B) the oceans
C) lakes and streams
D) ice sheets and glaciers
52. Liquid water will continue to evaporate from the
Earth's surface, increasing the amount of
atmospheric water vapor, until
A)
B)
C)
D)
transpiration occurs
the relative humidity falls below 50%
the atmosphere becomes saturated
the temperature of the atmosphere becomes
greater than the dewpoint temperature
53. All of the glass containers shown below contain the
same amount of water and are receiving the same
amount of heat energy. In a given amount of time,
the most water will evaporate from which
container?
A)
C)
B)
D)
54. The base of a cumulus cloud was determined to be
500 meters above the Earth's surface. This is the
altitude at which
A)
B)
C)
D)
cumulus clouds always form
no dust is present in the air
the air temperature drops below 0°C
the air temperature equals the dewpoint
temperature
A)
B)
C)
D)
57. The primary source of most of the moisture for the
Earth's atmosphere is
A) soil-moisture storage
B) rivers and lakes
C) melting glaciers
D) oceans
58. Most water vapor enters Earth’s atmosphere by the
processes of
A)
B)
C)
D)
condensation and precipitation
radiation and cementation
conduction and convection
evaporation and transpiration
59. The graph below represents how the rate of
evaporation of water is affected by a variable, X.
Which variable is most likely represented by X?
A) temperature
B) wind velocity
C) exposed surface area
D) moisture content of the air
60. Which event is a direct result of transpiration and
evaporation?
A) The atmosphere warms.
B) Cloud cover decreases.
C) Moisture enters the atmosphere.
D) Moisture leaves the atmosphere.
61. Clouds usually form when moist air rises because
the air
A) contracts and cools
B) contracts and warms
C) expands and cools
D) expands and warms
62. The arrows in the block diagram below show the
movement of water after it has fallen as
precipitation.
Which arrow indicates the process of transpiration?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
63. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below. The graph shows air temperature and
relative humidity at a single location during a 24-hour period.
At which time would the rate of evaporation most likely be greatest?
A) 11 p.m.
B) 6 a.m.
C) 10 a.m.
64. Why is it possible for no rain to be falling from a
cloud?
A) The water droplets are too small to fall.
B) The cloud is water vapor.
C) The dewpoint has not yet been reached in the
cloud.
D) There are no condensation nuclei in the cloud.
65. Clouds usually form when
A)
B)
C)
D)
air temperature reaches the dewpoint
evaporation has warmed the surrounding air
relative humidity is 0%
condensation nuclei have been removed from
the air
D) 4 p.m.
66. The diagrams below show the setup and results of an
experiment.
67. A container of water is placed in an open outdoor
area so that the evaporation rate can be observed.
The water will most likely evaporate fastest when
the weather is
A) cool, humid, and windy
B) cool, dry, and calm
C) warm, humid, and calm
D) warm, dry, and windy
68. Which atmospheric condition will cause the greatest
amount of evaporation from the surface of a lake?
A) calm, dry, cold
B) moist, cold, windy
C) calm, moist, hot
D) dry, hot, windy
69. The table below shows air temperatures and dew
point temperatures at different elevations above sea
level.
Clouds that form at an elevation of 3 kilometers will
most likely be composed of
Which statement best explains the results of the
experiment?
A) Condensation is the primary source of moisture
for the atmosphere.
B) Energy is required for evapotranspiration.
C) Precipitation at a given location depends on
surface area.
D) Transpiration moves moisture from the
plant into the atmosphere.
A) raindrops
C) ice crystals
B) ozone
D) sleet