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DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS (BEDROCK OF TECHNOLOGY) MISSION AND VISION STATEMENTS FOR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME The philosophy of the Federal University of Technology, Akure is to produce technologically oriented graduates. In line with this philosophy, the Department trains graduates with a broad based knowledge of the various aspects of Physics with a bias towards electronics. The programme of the Department is therefore designed to give students the required academic and practical background in Condensed Matter Physics, Atmospheric Physics, Radiation and Health Physics, Communication Physics and Electronic Instrumentation Physics. The products of this programme can be easily employed in the communication, aviation and oil industry as well as research laboratories. They can also be self employed. The main objectives of the programme are to: (a) Impart to the students the fundamentals of the main branches of physics. (b) Provide students with opportunity for integrating theoretical physics with practicals in all branches of physics. (c) Expose the students to all aspects of applied physics which is sine qua non for the development of Condensed Matter, Electronics and Energy. (d) Equip the students with capability for Research and Development in all areas of theoretical and applied physics. (e) Prepare students that will attract high international employment profile in the field of Applied Physics; and (f) Prepare students for self reliant work after graduation. MISSION AND VISION STATEMENTS FOR POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMME The philosophy of the Federal University of Technology, Akure is to produce practical oriented graduates. In line with this philosophy, the Department offers postgraduate studies with a variety of experience in applied Physics, with particular emphasis on certain field which are relevant to the economic and technological development of the country. The programmes of the Department are therefore designed to give students the required academic and practical background in Condensed Matter Physics, Space Physics, Radiation and Health Physics, Communication Physics and Electronic Instrumentation Physics. The objectives of the programme are to: (i) Impart to the students the fundamentals of the main branches of physics. (ii) Provide students with opportunity for integrating theoretical physics with practicals in all branches of physics. (iii) Expose the students to all aspects of applied physics sine qua non to the development of Condensed Matter, Electronics and Energy. (iv) Equip the students with capability for research and development in all areas of theoretical and applied physics. COURSE CURRICULUM FOR UNDERGRADUATE 1. Degree Option: Bachelor of Technology in Physics [B. Tech Physics (Electronics) 2. ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS (a) UME ADMISSION Candidate seeking admission into this programme must have credits in five (5) subjects at WASSCE or NECO or GCE ordinary level or equivalent at not more than two (2) sittings. The five subjects must include English language, Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. UME SUBJECTS: English Language, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry (b) DIRECT ENTRY In addition to the UME requirements specified in (a) above, candidates seeking admission by direct entry must possess either (i) National Diploma (ND) at Upper Credit or its equivalent in Science Technology, Electronics and Electrical Engineering or (ii) a minimum of two (2) GCE Advanced Level (A/L) passes in Physics and Mathematics at one sitting or its equivalent. 3. PROGRAMME DURATION The duration of the programme is five academic sessions but it is four sessions for direct entry students. If a student fails to graduate at the end of the normal academic sessions, he/she would not be allowed to exceed a total of 7 academic sessions in the case of students admitted through the UME or 6 in the case of direct entry students. 4. REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION To be eligible for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.), Honours in Physics (Electronics), a student must: (a) Pass all core courses as well as University and School required courses and electives required for specialization; (b) complete successfully industrial attachments, seminars and projects; (c) accumulate at least 194 units for the students admitted through UME or 155 units if by direct entry and obtain a CGPA of not less than 1.00. In addition, direct entry students should audit and pass the following University required courses- GNS 101, 102 and 103 and MEE 101 and 102. If a student fails any of the courses, he/she will be required to offer it formally. COURSE OUTLINE 100 LEVEL First Semester S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours Course Unit L T P 1 PHY 101/105C General Physics I 2 1 0 3 2 PHY 103C General Physics III 2 0 0 2 3 PHY 107C General Physics Laboratory I 0 0 3 1 4 MTS 101R Introductory Mathematics I 2 1 0 3 5 CHE 101R General Chemistry I 2 1 3 4 6 GNS 101R Use of English I 2 0 0 2 7 GNS 103R Information Retrieval 1 0 0 1 8 MEE 101R Engineering Drawing 1 0 6 3 TOTAL 19 Second Semester S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours Course Unit L T P 1. PHY 102C General Physics II 2 1 0 3 2. PHY 108C General Physics Laboratory II 0 0 3 1 3. MTS 102R Introductory Mathematics II 2 1 0 3 4. MTS 104R Introductory Applied Mathematics 2 1 0 3 5. CHE 102R General Chemistry II 2 1 3 4 6. GNS 102R Use of English II 2 0 0 2 7. MEE 102R Workshop Practice 0 0 6 2 8. GNS 106R Logic and Philosophy 2 0 0 2 TOTAL 20 200 LEVEL First Semester S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours Course Unit L T P 1. PHY 201C Elementary Modern Physics 2 1 0 3 2. PHY 203C Energy and Environment 1 0 0 1 3. PHY 205C Thermal Physics 2 1 0 3 4. PHY 207C Experimental Physics I 0 0 3 1 5. MTS 201C Mathematical Methods 2 1 0 3 6. MTS 209C Differential Equations I 2 1 0 3 7. CSC 201R Introduction Programming 3 1 0 4 8. CSP 201R General Agriculture (Theory) 1 0 0 1 to I FORTRAN TOTAL 19 Second Semester S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours Course Unit L T P 1. PHY 202C Electric Circuits and Electronics 2 1 0 3 2. PHY 204C Waves and Optics 2 1 0 3 3. PHY 208C Experimental Physics II 0 0 3 1 4. PHY 210C Basic Electronics 2 1 3 4 5. MTS 122C Statistics for Physical Science 2 1 0 3 6. GNS 202R Principles of Economics 2 1 0 3 7. CSP 210R General Agriculture (Practical) 0 0 6 2 8. MET 204 Introduction to the Atmosphere 3 0 0 3 TOTAL 22 6 300 LEVEL First Semester S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours Course Unit L T P 1. PHY 301C Analytical Mechanics I 2 1 0 3 2. PHY 303C Electricity & Magnetism 2 1 0 3 3. PHY 305C Quantum Physics 2 1 0 3 4. PHY 307C Experimental Physics III 0 0 3 1 5. PHY 313C Electric Circuit Theory 3 0 0 3 6. PHY 315C Introductory Solid State Electronics 3 0 0 3 7. PHY 317C Special Relativity 2 0 0 2 8. PHY 319C Electronic practical I 0 0 3 1 9. MTS 301C Vector and Tensor Analysis 2 1 0 3 10. PMT 301R Introduction to Entrepreneurship 2 0 0 2 TOTAL 24 Second Semester S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours Course Unit L T P 1. PHY 302C Analytical Mechanics II 2 1 0 3 2. PHY 304C Electro-magnetic Waves & Optics 2 1 0 3 3. PHY 306C Statistical & Thermal Physics 2 1 0 3 4. PHY 308C Experimental Physics IV 0 0 3 1 5. PHY 310C Basic Amplifier 2 0 3 3 6. PHY 314C Solid State Physics I 2 1 0 3 7. PHY 318C Electronic Practical II 0 0 3 1 8. MTS 302C Complex Analysis I 2 1 0 3 9. PMT 302R Practical Skills in Entrepreneurship 0 0 9 3 TOTAL 23 7 400 LEVEL First Semester S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours Course Unit L T P 1. PHY 401C Quantum Mechanics I 2 1 0 3 2. PHY 405C Mathematical Methods in Physics I 2 1 0 3 3. PHY 407C Computational Physics 2 1 0 3 4. PHY 409C 2 0 3 3 5. PHY 415C Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation Digital Electronics 2 0 3 3 6. PHY 417C Electronic Laboratory Techniques 0 0 6 2 7. PHY 419C Introduction to Telecommunication Systems TOTAL 2 1 0 3 20 Second Semester S/N Course code 1. PHY 402C 2. PHY 404C 3. PHY 406C Course Title Contact Hours Industrial Training Site Supervisor’s Assessment Industrial Training FUTA Supervisor’s Assessment Student Report and Seminar Presentation TOTAL 8 Course Unit L T P 0 0 12 4 0 0 6 2 0 0 12 4 10 500 LEVEL First Semester S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours Course Unit L T P 1. PHY 501C Quantum Mechanics II 2 1 0 3 2. PHY 503C Semiconductor Technology 3 0 0 3 3. PHY 505C Mathematical Methods in Physics II 3 0 0 3 4. PHY 517C 0 0 6 2 5. PHY 531C Electronic Devices, Designs and Fabrication Nuclear and Particle Physics I 2 1 0 3 6. PHY 599C Final Year Student’s Project 0 0 18 6 TOTAL 20 Second Semester S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours Course Unit L T P 1. PHY 502C Control Theory 2 0 0 2 2. PHY 504C Vacuum Physics and Thin Film Technology 2 1 0 3 3. PHY 512C Energy Conversion and Storage 3 0 0 3 4. PHY 522C Seminar 2 0 0 2 5. PHY 532C Nuclear and Particle Physics II 2 1 0 3 6. GNS 504 Entrepreneurship 2 1 0 3 TOTAL 19 9 Electives S/N Course code Course Title Course Unit Contact Hours L T P 1. PHY 509 Solid State Physics II 2 1 0 3 2. PHY 518 Atomic & Molecular Spectroscopy 2 1 0 3 3. CSC 403 Computer Networking 2 0 0 2 4. CSC 504 Computer Architecture 2 1 0 3 5. CSC 506 Technology Management and Professional Issues 2 1 0 3 Electives may also be chosen from Computer Science, Electrical/Electronics, GNS, Engineering and other areas of Physics e.g. Applied Geophysics, Medical Physics, and Meteorology. C = Core Course R = University/School Required Course E = Elective course 10 COURSE DESCRIPTION PHY 101 – GENERAL PHYSICS I (MECHANICS) (3 UNITS) Space and Time, Frames of Reference, Invariance of physical laws, Relativity of simultaneity, Relativity of time intervals, relativity of length, units and dimension; standards and units, unit consistency and conversions. Kinematics, Vectors and vector addition, Components of vectors, Unit vectors, Products of vectors. Displacement, Time and average velocity, instantaneous velocity, average acceleration, motion with constant acceleration, freely falling bodies, position and velocity vectors, acceleration vector, projectile motion. Motion in a circle and Relative velocity. Fundamental laws of mechanics: forces and interactions, Newton’s first law, Newton’s second law, mass and weight, Newton’s third law. Statics and dynamics: application of Newton’s laws, dynamics of particles, frictional forces, dynamics of circular motion. Galilean invariance, universal gravitation, gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, conservative and non-conservative forces. Work and energy, kinetic energy and the work-energy theorem, power, momentum and impulse, conservation of momentum, collisions and momentum conservation, elastic collisions, centre of mass. Rotational dynamics and angular momentum, angular velocity and acceleration, energy in rotational motion, parallel axis theorem, torque, torque and rotation about a moving axis, simple harmonic motion and its applications. The simple pendulum, damped oscillations, forced oscillations and resonance. PHY 102 – GENERAL PHYSICS II (ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM) (3 UNITS) Co-requisite – IMC 102 Electrostatics: Conservation law of electric charges, electrons and electrostatics, Coulomb’s law, electric field and forces, electric field line, electric dipoles, charged particles in an electric field, charge and electric flux, Gauss’s law and its applications, electric potential, electric potential due to a single charge, electric potential due to a dipole, electric potential due to continuous charge distribution, equipotential surfaces. Conductors and currents: electric current, resistors and resistance, electric power, capacitors in series and parallel, energy storage in capacitors and electric field energy, Gauss’s law in dielectrics. Magnetism: magnetic field, magnetic field lines and magnetic flux, motion of a charged particles in a magnetic field, magnetic force on a current carry conductor, Ampere’s law, Biot-Savart law, electromagnetic induction, inductance, self inductance, mutual inductance, Maxwell’s equation, electromagnetic waves and oscillations. PHY 103 – GENERAL PHYSICS III (2 Units) Molecular treatment of properties of matter, Elasticity; Hooke’s Law, Young’s shear and bulk moduli. Hydrostatics; Pressure, buoyancy. Archimedes Principles. Hydrodynamics; Streamlines Bernoulli and continuity equations. Turbulence, Reynold’s number. Viscosity; laminar flow, Poiseuille’s equation. Surface tension; adhesion, cohesion, capillarity, drops and bubbles. Temperature; the zeroth law of thermodynamics; heat; gas laws of thermodynamics; Kinetic theory of gases. Application. PHY 107/108 – GENERAL PHYSICS LABORATORY I/II (1 UNIT EACH) The experiments include: Mechanics: timing experiments, simple pendulum, compound pendulum, measurement of g, moments, determination of moment of inertia, measurement of viscosity, use of force board, law of momentum. Optics: reflection using plane mirror, convex/concave mirror, concave/convex lens, refraction using a prism, critical angle, apparent depth/real depth, simple microscope, compound microscope. Electricity: Ohm’s law, heating effect of a current, internal resistance of a cell, meter/Wheatstone Bridge, potentiometer measurement of ece, plotting of magnetic field. Heat: measurement of specific heat capacity of water and a solid, expansion of gas experiment using a long capillary tube, Joule’s law. Sound: resonance tube, sonometer. 11 PHY 201 – ELEMENTARY MODERN PHYSICS (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 102 Special Relativity, Defects in Newtonian Mechanics, the speed of light, the Lorentz transformation, transformation of velocities. Experimental basis of quantum theory; Black body radiation, electrons and quanta, Bohr’s theory of atomic structure, De Broglie hypothesis, the uncertainly principle; Schrodinger’s equation and simple applications. PHY 202 – ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 102 D.C. Circuits: Kirchoff’s Law, sources of emf and current, Network analysis and circuit theorems. A.C. Circuits: Inductance, capacitance, the transformer, sinusoidal wave-forms, rms and peak values, power, impedance and admittance, series RLC circuit, Q factor, resonance, Network analysis and circuit theorems, filters. Electronics: semiconductors, the pn-junction, field effect transistors, bipolar transistors, characteristic and equivalent circuits; amplifier, feedback. PHY 203 – ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (1 UNIT) Energy: Terminology and concept; energy in surroundings, kinds of energy and its conversion; mechanical energy, electrical energy, wave energy, thermal energy. Energy use, alternative energy; wind power, biomass, solar nuclear, energy from oceans. Energy efficiency, saving energy, renewable and non renewable, energy conservation and energy crisis. Relationship between energy and environment. The elements which gives an effect to living things; temperature, light, water, ecology and adaptation, hospitable environment; ecology and ecological equilibrium, pollution, preservation of environment. Pollution problems; mechanism about pollution as biological magnification, avid rain, green house effect. PHY 204 – WAVES AND OPTICS (3 UNITS) Pre-requisites – PHY 101, PHY 102 and IMC 104 Wave phenomena: Acoustical waves, the harmonic oscillator, damped oscillation, forced oscillation, resonance, equations of simple harmonic oscillation, waves on a string, waves in pipes; closed pipes, open pipes, end correction. Energy in wave motion, longitudinal waves, standing waves, super position of waves; group and phase velocity, Doppler effect, physical optic, spherical waves, electromagnetic spectrum, interference; Young’s double, slit, thin film. Diffraction: Frannhofer diffraction, crystal diffraction, polarization of waves, holography, dispersion and scattering. Geometrical optics: rays and beams of light, images in plane and curved mirrors, reflection and refraction at plane surfaces. Mirror formula, reflection at spherical surfaces, thin lenses, spherical aberration, optical lenses, prisms, spectrum of light. PHY 205 – THERMAL PHYSICS (3 UNITS) Pre-requisites – PHY 103 and IMC 104 The foundation of classical thermodynamics including the zeroth and definition of temperature; the first law, work, heat and internal energy, Carnot cycles and second law; entropy and irreversibility, thermodynamic potentials and the Maxwell relations. Applications: Qualitative discussion of phase transitions; third law of thermodynamics, ideal and real gases, Elementary kinetic theory of gases including Boltzmann counting, Maxwell-Boltzmann law of distribution of velocities. Simple applications of the distribution law. 12 PHY 207/208 – EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS I/II (1 UNIT EACH) Pre-requisite – PHY 107/108 The laboratory course consists of a group of experiments drawn from diverse area of Physics (Optics, Electromagnetism, Mechanics, Modern Physics etc). i.e. experiments on determination of moment of inertia of a bar using a bifilar suspension, determination of the moment of inertia of flywheel, principles of moment, principles of kinematics, spiral spring, determination of the acceleration of gravity by means of a compound pendulum, coefficient of static and dynamic friction for wood, determination of the refractive index of a prism, determination of the focal length of an inaccessible converging lens by Newton’s method, determination of the focal length of a converging lens by location of virtual images, determination of the focal length of a converging lens by the self conjugate method. Determination of the focal length of a diverging lens using a concave mirror and a converging lens, determination of the focal length of a converging lens by displacement method, determination of the focal length of a convex mirror using a plane mirror and a converging mirror calibration of a voltmeter using a potentiometer circuit, determination of the emf of a thermo-couple and the boiling point of salt solution suing a potentiometer circuit, measurement of the resistivity of the material of a wire, comparison of two nearly equal low resistance using the carey-foster bridge, calibration of ammeter using a potentiometer circuit, determination of the temperature coefficient of resistance of a copper coil, use of potentiometer as an ideal voltmeter and use of potentiometer to compare two emfs, determination of unknown length of wire, determination of the specific latent heat of ice, determination of the specific heat capacity of a liquid by method of electrical heating, determination of the cubical expansivity of water at various temperature ranges, determination of the thermal conductivity of a good conducting material (searis’s method), determination of specific heat capacity of a liquid by method of cooling, determination of specific heat capacities by method of mixture, determination of apparent coefficient of expansion of a liquid, determination of saturated vapour pressure of water at different temperature, determination of specific heat capacity of water by the continuous flow method, heat loss from surfaces. PHY 210 – BASIC ELECTRONICS (4 UNITS) Resistance and Resistors: Types, resistors combinations, resistor power ratings, determination of resistor values, resistor problems and resistor in AC and DC circuits. Capacitance and Capacitors: types of capacitors, capacitor combinations, capacitor working voltage ratings, determination of capacitor values and capacitors in AC and DC circuits. Inductors and Transformers: types of inductor and transformers, inductor combinations, transformer power ratings, inductor and transformer troubles, inductors and transformer in AC and DC circuits. P-n junction devices: types of diodes (e.g. general-purpose and special purpose diodes), operation of the general purpose diodes is the forward and reverse modes. Circuit application of LEDs, zeners and their common troubles. Characteristics and mode of operations of Bipolar junctions transistor (BJT) and field effect transistors. P-n junction devices troubles. Small signal amplifiers: transistors biasing techniques, amplifier in the common emitter (CE) common base (CB) and common collector (CC) modes. AC analysis of small signal BJT amplifiers. Load line analysis, evaluation of input impedance, voltage gain, output impedance. Combinational logic circuits: logic gate, truth tables, gate conversions, Minterms and Maxterms. Simple circuit design using universal logic gates. Oscillators and Timmo circuits: feedback, types of oscillators, conditions for oscillation, Wien bridge oscillator, phase-shift oscillators and Astable multi-vibrator. Electronics before the invention of solid state devices: triodes, valves and other devices that uses thermionic emission. Laboratory instruments: Digital Multimeters (DMMs), function generators, cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). 13 PHY 301 – ANALYTICAL MECHANICS I (3 UNITS) Pre-requisites – IMC 201 Newtonian Mechanics: motion of a particle in one, two and three dimensions; systems of particles and collision theory; equilibrium of a system of particles. Newtonian gravitation, conservative forces and potentials, oscillations, central force problems, accelerated frames of reference, rigid body dynamics, equilibrium of a rigid body, displacement of a rigid body. Generalized motion; mechanics of continuous media. PHY 302 – ANALYTICAL MECHANICS II (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 301 Degrees of freedom; generalized coordinates and constraint. Work and potential energy. Lagrange’s formulation of mechanics and applications. Hamilton’s formulation of mechanics and its applications. Hamilton-Jacobi equation and waves of constant action, free space and its applications, invariance and conservation laws. Oscillatory systems, including damped force and coupled oscillations; Normal modes, stability and normal modes of vibration. The Calculus of variations and the action principle. PHY 303 – ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (3 UNITS) Pre-requisites – PHY 201 and 203 Fields: Vector and scalar fields. Electrostatics and Magnetostatics. Electric field; electric field due to a line displacement and displacement density. Coulomb’s law. Electric potential; potential due to a distribution of charges, electric potential due to a dipole, earth’s potential, equipotential surfaces, electric properties of materials. Gauss’s law. Laplace’s equation and boundary value problems; multiple expansions, dielectric and magnetic materials. Faraday’s law. Motional emf, Electromagnetic induction, Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law. Energy in magnetic Fields. PHY 304 – ELECTRO-MAGNETIC WAVES AND OPTICS (2 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 303 Maxwell’s equations; implications of Maxwell’s equations. Electromagnetic potentials. The wave equation. Propagation of waves: conductors and dielectrics, plane waves in a conducting medium, plane waves in perfect dielectric with small loss, propagation in good conductors, poynting vector, skin or penetration depth. Energy of electromagnetic waves. Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves: reflection from a perfect conductor at oblique incidence, ratio of reflected to incident electric field strength, Brewster angle. Transmission lines: two wire open time, coaxial cables, strip and micro strip, wave guides and optical fibres. Transmission line classification: lobbless line, low-less line, low frequency line, high frequency line, distortionless lines. Phase and group delay. PHY 305 – QUANTUM PHYSICS (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 201 Wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle, basic principles of quantum theory; the time dependent and time independent schrodinger equation, applications of schrodinger equation to the free particles, particle in the infinite and fine potential wells, the three dimensional box, and their applications. The simple harmonic oscillator and its applications. Reflection and transmission of potential steps, finite potential barrier and their applications. 14 PHY 306 – STATISTICAL AND THERMAL PHYSICS (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 103 and PHY 305 Basic concept of statistical mechanics: microscopic basic of thermodynamics and applications, macroscopic systems, equilibrium of an isolated system and system in a heat bath, perfect classical gas, quantum mechanical ensemble, velocity distribution, grand canonical ensembles, Fermi Dirac distribution function, application of Fermi Dirac statistics, Fermi energy, Bose-Einstein distribution function, condensed states, phase transformations, quantum distributions, elementary kinetic theory of transport processes, fluctuation phenomena. Applications. PHY 307/308 – EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS III/IV (1 UNIT EACH) Pre-requisite – PHY 207/208 A year-long series of mini courses on important experimental techniques. Topics covered include optics: determination of refractive index of glass prism, a liquid using graphical method. Determination of the focal length of a convex lens using different methods. Mechanics: determination of the effective mass of a spring. Determination of the acceleration due to gravity. Determination of the radius of gyration of a wheel and axle. Investigation of how the time of vibration varies with length of vibrating string. Determination of moment of inertia. Sound: determination of the velocity of sound using a resonance tube. Electricity: Determination of the internal resistance of a cell. PHY 309 – ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (1 UNIT) Energy basics and efficiency, first and second laws of thermodynamics. Energy sources and consumption. Energy conservation and cogeneration. Fossil fuels, environmental effects of oil and natural gas. Coal and the environment. Alternative energy sources: Geothermal energy, use of geothermal energy and the environment. Renewable alternative energy sources: direct solar collectors, photo voltaic solar energy and the environment, tidal power, water power and the environment. Energy from biomass, net energy yield from biomass, energy from biomass and the environment. Nuclear energy: fission reactors, burner reactors, breeder reactors, radiation doses and health nuclear power-plant accidents. Radioactive waste management. The future of nuclear energy. Energy policy. Integrated energy management. PHY 310 – BASIC AMPLIFIERS (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 210 and 315 Frequency response analysis of electronic amplifiers. Calculation of input resistance, output resistance, current voltage and power gains using h and T parameters. Common-base, Common-emitter and Common-collector amplifiers. Oscillators: Rc oscillators; Phase shift and Wien bridge. LC oscillators; colpitts, clap and Hartley. Introduction to OP amps. Use of op amps as a summer, differentiator, integrator and differential amplifier. Power amplifiers, instrumentation amplifier, field effect transistor circuits, stabilized power supplies and voltage regulation circuits. Transducers noise and interface in systems. Introduction to multi stage amplifiers. Differential amplifier circuits. PHY 313 – ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 202 General outline of linear circuits and linear circuit analysis, linear transformations, one port and two port networks, single phase sinusoidal alternating current circuits, locks diagrams, polyphase circuits, network topology. The methods of symmetrical components, some properties of three phase systems, examples of networks of unbalanced impedances. Distribution parameter networks. Ladder networks periodic nonsinusoidal currents in linear circuit, Fourier series, harmonics in three-phase systems. Conventional filter 15 design and operation. Operational methods of transient analysis of distributed parameter networks, non-linear a.c. circuits, frequency response of electrical networks. Bode plots. Poles and zeroes and time delay, rootlocus concepts. PHY 314 – SOLID STATE PHYSICS (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 305 Crystal structure: Different types of crystal structures, packing fraction, planes and directions, miller indices, x-ray diffraction, Braglis law and indexing of x-ray in crystal binding, binding forces in crystal, different types of bonding in crystals. Elastic properties of solids, medlung constant, binding energy per electron of crystals. Lattice vibration, lattice heat capacity of solids, Einstein model, Debye model, free electron theory of metals. Superconductivity: occurrence of superconductivity, type I and II superconductors, messoner effect, theories of superconductivity, BCS theory of superconductivity, Josephson’s effect and applications. PHY 315 – INTRODUCTORY SOLID STATE ELECTRONICS (3 UNITS) Electrical condition in metals and semiconductors, energy barrier, motion of electrons in electric and magnetic fields, Hall effect, Thermoelectric effects, Photoelectric and Secondary Electronic Emissions Phenomena. Photo-conduction. Devices based on Photoelectric effects, photoconductive and secondary emission effects. Photomultipliers and Photodiodes. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, fabrication of simple devices, pn junction, bipolar and field effect transistor. Solar cells. PHY 317 - SPECIAL RELATIVITY (2 UNITS) Galilean transformations and limitation of Newtonian mechanics, constancy of speed of light. MichelsonMorley experiment. Lorentz-Einstein transformations. Space-time diagram, event and world lines. Proper time and time dilation. Proper distance and length contraction. Simultaneity of events, relativistic addition of events. Doppler Effect. Relativistic kinematics and dynamics, mass-energy equivalence, four vectors, Spacetime and energy-momentum, invariants relativity and electric and magnetic fields. Invariance of Maxwell equation. PHY 318 – Electronic Practical II Single stage amplifiers: Common emitter, common base, common collector, Multistage amplifiers, Power supplies and voltage regulators, Power amplifiers Oscillators: Wien bridge, Hartley and Colpitts, FET, its characteristics common source and common drain amplifiers. PHY 319 – Electronic Practical I I-V Characteristics of the diode. Rectifier circuits: Half-wave, full wave and full wave bridge rectifier circuits. DC – to – DC converters, buck converter, wave-shaping circuits: clamping circuits, clipping circuits, voltage transfer characteristics of the diode; photo diode, photo detectors, LEDs, LDR, Forward current transfer ratio, silicon control rectifier, Transistor as a switch. PHY 401 – QUANTUM MECHANICS I (3 UNITS) Pre-requisites – PHY 304 and IMC 209 The formulation of quantum mechanics in term of state vectors and linear operators: Definition and properties of linear operators, adjoint operators, null operators, complex operators, Schrodinger equation from operator formalism, Schrodinger equation in momentum representation, Representation of state vectors and state Function in terms of matrix. Dirac Bra and Ket notation, Eigen values and Eigen function. Three dimensionally spherically symmetric potentials. Solution of Schrodinger equation in spherically symmetric 16 potential. Free particle in a spherically symmetric potential, the hydrogen atom. Theory of angular momentum and spin. Definition of angular momentum in term of operators, communication relating in angular momentum Rotation of angular momentum, Eigen values of angular momentum and L2. Spin angular momentum and their representation, Pauli spin matrix identical particles and exclusion principle, Symmetric and anti-symmetric wave function and their construction, Slater determinant, Boson and Fermions, Spin-half particles in a box and study of their properties. Method of approximation: Semi- classical approximation (WKB approximation), the Rayleigh-Ritz approximation, Time independent perturbation theory for stationary state. Multi-electron atom, control field approximation, Determination of the central potential; The Hartree-Fock or self-consistent Field method, Thomas Fermi Model. PHY 402, PHY 404 and PHY 406 – SECOND SEMESTER PLUS LONG VACATION (SIWES) FORM A Industrial Attachment (Log book personal Data): Organisational profile, Daily Record of student activities, Project assigned, special design(s), weekly record of work done, Monthly comments. Biodata, programme appraisal, accomplishments, design and evaluation. Industrial Attachment (Report write-up based on the industrial experience gained): Write-up contains four chapters, defense of report in the department. PHY 405 – MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS I (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – IMC 209 Linear algebra and functional analysis: Transformation in linear vector space and matrix theory. Hilbert space and complete sets of orthogonal functions. Special Functions of Mathematical physics. The gamma function, hyper-geometric functions, Legendre functions, Bessel functions. Hermit and Languerre function. The Dirac Delta function. Integral Transforms, Fourier series and Fourier transforms, Laplace transform. Application of transform methods to the solution of elementary differential equations of interest in Physics and Engineering. PHY 407 – COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS (3 UNITS) Use of numerical methods such as Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Gaussian quadrature, linear interpolation, Finite difference, self-consist solution of some problems in Physics, Numerical differentiation, Finite difference approximation. Numerical solutions of differential equations in Physics. Concept of error and statistical analysis in Physics, various methods of numerical integration, differentiation. Statistical analysis of experimental data. Computer programming in Fortran, Basic and Visual Basic: rudiments of computer programming. PHY 409 – ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 210 Principle of measurements, errors, accuracy. Units of measurement and electrical standards. Detailed construction of measuring instruments (moving coil and moving iron meters). Types and effects of damping on these instruments. Detailed description of the wattmeter, Q-meter and semiconductor testers, circuit diagrams of synchronous and asynchronous semiconductor counters of modulo 10 and 12 using CMOS and TTL integrated circuits. Digital voltmeter. Use of 7106 and 7107 integrated circuits for LED and LCD displays. Operational amplifier for measurement of ac and dc voltage and current. Introduction to the design of electronics instruments for the measurement of temperature, resistance, liquid level, speed etc. 17 PHY 415 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 315 The transistor as a switch, power dissipation, base over drive, storage drive and switching speed. Logic gates: AND, OR, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, EX-NOR. Truth tables, noise margin, totem pole, open collector and tristate outputs, TTL, CMOS, NMOS and ECL. Combinational systems, Boolean algebra, identities, De-Morgan’s law, Karnaugh maps, Quinne McClusky Minimization by computer aided techniques. The half and full Adder. Flipflop: R-S, J-K and D types, Edge and level trigger, master- slave types, the shift register. Circuit techniques. Oscillators sine wave amplitude control, sequencing, frequency stability, waveform discrimination. Practical ramp generators. Conversion techniques; frequency to voltage, staircase generation, analogue to digital, Digital to Analogue. Termination of pulsed lines, Beageron diagram. Low noise amplifier design. Use of discrete components for minimum noise. PHY 417 – ELECTRONIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES (2 UNITS) This laboratory course consists of a group of experiments drawn from various topics in electronics such as the characteristics of FETS, single stage common emitter, common base and common collector amplifiers, common source and common drain FET amplifiers. Multi stage amplifiers using BJTS and FETS. Construction and measurement of the characteristics of phase shift, Wien bridge, Colpitts, Hartley and tuned collector oscillators. Stabilized power supplies using BJTS and OP amp as the control element. Characteristics and uses of OP amps as an inverter, summer, differentiator and integrator. Characteristics and uses of logic gates as counters and registers. Construction of weighted resistor and R-2R digital to analogue converters. Flash, dual slope, counter type and ramp analogue to digital converters. PHY 419 – INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS (3 UNITS) Modulation: Amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation systems; Radio and T.V. systems: modes of transmission; waveguides, radio waves, satellite communications. Lines loses: Types of transmission lines, lobby lines, lobbless lines, propagation constant, attenuation constant and characteristics impedance of transmission lines. Networking, Topology, Digital transmission. Radar: Principles of radar, radar equation, types of radar. Telephone: Parts of the telephone, making a call. PHY 501 – QUANTUM MECHANICS II (3 UNITS) Pre-requisites – PHY 401 and IMC 209 Time-independent perturbation theory: Stationary perturbation theory, second order correction and Higher order wave function, The perturbed harmonic oscillator, Gravitational energy shift in atomic hydrogen, Timeindependent perturbation theory for degenerate energy level, Doubly degenerate energy level, Quasidegenerate states, The stark effect, The Fine structure constant and anomalous Zeeman effect. Time Dependent perturbation theory: variation of constants, General features of time-dependent perturbation theory, Transition probability, Thomas-Fermi golden rule, time dependent perturbation theory for nondegenerate and degenerate cases; Two-level system. Time-independent perturbation theory for transitions. Scattering theory; Basic definitions and general features of the scattering potential, Method of partial waves, Applications of natural wave method, Resonance scattering, scattering by hand sphere potential, nucleonnucleon scattering, nucleon-proton scattering, Transition matrix, The Bohr approximation, Green’s Function of the Schrödinger equation for a single particle and time – dependent Green’s Function theory, elastics potential scattering. Green’s function and partial wave methods. Selected phenomena from each of atomic physics, molecular physics, Solid State Physics and nuclear Physics are described and then interpreted using quantum mechanical models. PHY 502 – CONTROL THEORY (3 UNITS) Basic concepts and examples of control systems. Introduction to Laplace transform: theories of Laplace transform, derivation of inverse transform. Use of Laplace transform in the solution of differential equations. Reduction of control problems to block diagrams. Block diagram algebra. Reduction of control problems to differential equations and solution of second order differential equation with step input, impulse input and sinusoidal input. Laplace transform and its use in the solution. Feedback, time response analysis, concept of 18 stability, Routh Hurwitz criterion. Root locus techniques. Frequency response analysis, polar and Bode plots, Nyquist stability criteria, Nichol’s chart, compensation technique and introduction to non-linear systems. PHY 503 – SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 210 and 401 The chemical physics of semiconductors, preparation, purification, growth of simple crystals, evaluation of chemical structural properties, doping effect, mechanical and metallurgical properties. Thermodynamic and kinetic consideration in crystal growth from melt and by chemical vapour transport techniques. Scanning and transmission, electron microscopy, X-ray Photograph, photo luminescence and mass spectroscopy, Si, Ge, GaAs, GaP, InSo and other common compound semiconductors, their preparation and measurements of electrical properties. Processing of semiconductive material for device fabrication. Formation of p.n junction. Luminescence and Luminescent materials, Photo emissive and photoconductive materials. Materials for IC’s and their fabrication PHY 504 – VACUUM PHYSICS AND THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 210 Design and characteristics of vacuum systems; different types of vacuum pumps and their uses, measurement of low pressure, different types of pressure gauges, use of valves and other vacuum materials. Industrial uses of vacuum systems, vacuum heating, furnace, induction heating, electron bombardment heating. Thin Film Technology Vacuum evaporation by various means, evaporation sources and techniques, substrate and surfaces preparation for thin film deposition in vacuum. Epitaxial growth processes. Heat treatment of thin film, compatibility of film and substrates, sputtering techniques. Deposition of thin insulating films by Rutherford sputtering, preparation and use of masks for thin film deposition. Characterization and application of thin films. PHY 505 - MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS II (3 UNITS) Partial Differential Equations: Solution of boundary value problem of partial differential equations by various methods which include; separation of variables, the method of integral transforms. Sturm-Liouvelle theory, Uniqueness of solutions. Calculus of residues and applications to evaluation integral and summation of series. Applications to various physical situations which may include electromagnetic theory, quantum theory, diffusion phenomena. PHY 509 – SOLID STATE PHYSICS II (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 401 Dielectric properties of solids, polarization, plasma, oscillation in solids, polaron and its dispersion relation. Molecular field theory, classical and Quantum theories of magnetism. Applications of magnetic materials, concepts of defects in solids, imperfections in solids, Trenknel defects, Schokky defects and Einstein’s diffusion equation. Magnetic properties of materials; magnetic susceptibility, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, domain theory, Langevin theory of diamagnetism and paramagnetism. Quantum theory of magnetism, magnetic resonance, imperfection in solids, Frankel and Schokky defects, Fick’s law, Einstein’s law and diffusion of imperfections in solid. PHY 512 – ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE (3 UNITS) Theory of modern energy conversion, transmission and storage methods; Windmills, Heat engines, Classical engines. Ocean thermal energy converters, techno-electric, thermionic, fuel cells, production of hydrogen, electrolytic, chemical thermolytic, photolytic, hydrogen storage. Photoelectron converters, photo thermovoltaic converters. Biomass, Photosynthesis, production of methanol and ethanol from vegetable matter. 19 PHY 517 - THEORY OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES, DESIGNS AND FABRICATION (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 417 Fabrication, design and application of micro-circuits, IC technology, doping process, fabrication of simple devices, p-n junction, LEDs, transistors. Classification of Integrated circuits, Merits of Integrated circuit (IC), Bipolar Monolithic circuits, Metal-oxide silicon (MOS) IC’s, Hybrid ICs, Thin and Thick-film Techniques, Basic processes in thin film Technology, Anodization, Thin film Resistors, Thin film Capacitor, Thin film Inductors, Substrates, Thick film components, Monolithic Techniques, Basic Fabrication Sequence, Growth and Refining of Silicon Crystals, Epitaxial process, Diffusion, Surface Passivation, Photolithograph, Metallization, Isolation, Monolithic Transistors and Diodes, Monolithic Junction FET and MOSFET, Special MOS processes, Advantages and demerits of MOS devices, Ion Implantation, Design guidelines for monolithic, ICs (include operanges), Practical hints on Photolithograph. PHY 518 – ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY (3 UNITS) The hydrogen atom, the Bohr’s theory, the Bohr-Sommerfeld theory, the energy of elliptical orbits. The Relativistic correction and its effects. Electron spin and the vector model of the atom. Identical particles and symmetry. Many electron atoms, coupling scheme. The diatomic molecule, hyperfine structure, Zeeman effects, Frand-condon principle, x-ray diffraction, Compton effects, reflection, refraction and polarization of xrays, effects of x-rays. Microwave methods, resonance phenomena, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ES, optical pumping and Mossbauer Effect. PHY 522 – SEMINAR (2 UNITS) The students are given specific seminar topics in various areas of Physics to be researched under the guidance of the supervising lecturer. The write-ups are submitted for grading and correction. The assessment includes 60 percent oral presentation; averaged from all the scores of the departmental academic staff. The remaining 40 percent is awarded by the seminar supervisor. Three copies of the seminar are submitted to the department after the final correction. PHY 531 – NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS I (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 305 Nuclear structure, nuclear properties: nuclear size, nuclear masses; nuclear models, nuclear forces, the deuteron, neutron-proton and proton-proton scattering at low energies. Radio-active Decay; Alpha, beta, gamma decays. Nuclear reactions, reaction cross sections, compound nucleus formation and breakup. PHY 532 – NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS II (3 UNITS) Pre-requisite – PHY 401 Radiation sources: fast electron, internal conversion, Auger electrons, charged particle sources, sources of electromagnetic radiation, annihilation radiation, Bremsstrahlung, characteristic x-ray, synchrotron radiation. Nuclear Instrumentations and radiation detection techniques; detectors, nuclear spectroscopy. Neutron physics; Production, detection of neutrons. Nuclear reactor, nuclear energy, Fission and fusion. Elementary particles: Conservation laws, partial classification. Strong electromagnetic and weak interactions, nuclear astrophysics, heavy-ions physics, particle production, quantum chronodynamics, quark density functions, CP violations and heavy quarks. PHY 534 – INTRODUCTION TO ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS – ELECTIVE (3 UNITS) Geographical, hydrostatic equation, static stability, solar and terrestrial radiation principles of radiative transfer, moisture variables, lapse rate, types and characteristics of atmospheric stability. Atmospheric layers and characteristics. Geostrophic and thermal winds, vertical fluxes of heat, Types of chonids and their classification. Precipitation, distribution of water vapour and temperature. PHY 599 – FINAL YEAR STUDENT’S PROJECT (6 UNITS) Independent research project topics from all areas of Physics: Solid State Physics, Nuclear and Health Physics, Atmospheric/Communication Physics, Instrumentation and Electronics, Environmental Physics. The 20 students are provided with research topics under lecturer’s supervision. The research is either experimental or theoretical. The work is done under close supervision by assigned lecturer. The assessment includes supervisor’s grade, oral presentation and external examiner’s grade. The student’s are mandated to submit three binded copies of the thesis after the external examiner’s assessment. 21 COURSE CURRICULUM FOR POSTGRADUATE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS 1. PROGRAMMES OFFERED (a) Postgraduate Diploma (PGD) (b) Master of Technology (M.Tech) (c) Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) 2. AVAILABLE OPTIONS / SPECIALIZATION The Department award: (a) PGD in Physics with electronics (b) M.Tech and (c) Ph.D. degrees with specialization in 3. (i) Condensed Matter Physics (ii) Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation (iii) Communications Physics (iv) Radiation and Health Physics (v) Space Physics (vi) Lower Atmospheric Physics ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Candidates must satisfy the general regulations governing postgraduate studies at the Federal University of Technology, Akure. In addition, the following departmental requirements should be met: (a) PGD Programme Candidates must satisfy the general regulations governing postgraduate studies at the Federal University of Technology, Akure. In addition, the following departmental requirements should be met:Applicants shall possess HND or AIST in any area of physical sciences. Candidates with good honours first degree in any area of physics or ordinary pass with experience in industry or government establishment shall also be considered for admission. (b) M.Tech Programme (i) Candidates with at least a Second Class (Lower Division) B.Tech. Degree in Physics recognized University is eligible for admission. (ii) Candidates with at least a Second Class (Lower Division) in Mathematics, Geography, Meteorology and Chemistry from the Federal University of Technology, Akure or any other recognized University may be considered for admission on their own merit. Students who have minor deficiencies in undergraduate preparation, particularly on the areas mentioned in (ii) above will be given the opportunity, and may be required to make good these deficiencies before proceeding to postgraduate courses. 22 (c) Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) Programme Candidates for the Ph.D. degree should have obtained the M.Tech degree in Physics from the Federal University of Technology, Akure or any other recognized University with any average grade of B. Where applicable the candidates may be required to score at least 60% in the Master’s thesis examination. 4. DURATION OF PROGRAMME (a) PGD Programme The PGD shall be for a period of 12 months. The two semesters shall be by course work and examinations. The candidates shall present a research project submitted and approved at the end of second semester. M.Tech Programme The M.Tech. programme shall be for a period of 18 months. The first two semesters shall be by course work and examinations. The third semester shall be by thesis based on a research proposal submitted and approved at the end of the second semester. (c) Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) Programme The Ph.D shall normally be required to spend between 36 and 48 months for full-time candidates and between 48 and 72 months for part-time candidates. 5. REQUIREMENT FOR GRADUATION (a) PGD In addition to satisfying other University regulations, the student must have passed all the courses prescribed by the department and must have obtained a satisfactory grade in the PGD Project according to the regulation of School of Post Graduate Studies 23 6. COURSE OUTLINE (a) POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) FIRST SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 701 Mathematical Methods 2 1 0 3 2 PHY 703 Analytical Mechanics 2 1 0 3 3 PHY 705 Introductory Solid State Electronics 2 1 0 3 4 PHY 707 Digital Electronics 2 1 0 3 5 PHY 709 Electronics Devices Design & Fabrication 2 1 0 3 TOTAL 15 SECOND SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 702 Electromagnetism 2 1 0 3 2 PHY 704 Quantum Physics 2 1 0 3 3 PHY 706 Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation 2 1 0 3 4 PHY 708 Nuclear and Particle Physics 2 1 0 3 5 PHY 710 Vacuum Physics & Thin Film Technology 3 0 0 3 6 PHY 712 Energy Conservation and Storage 3 0 0 3 TOTAL 18 PROJECT S/N 1 Course code PHY 799 Course Title Contact Hours PGD Research Project TOTAL L T P 0 0 18 Course Unit 6 6 24 (b) MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY (M.Tech) (b1) M.Tech in Condensed Matter Physics FIRST SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 801 Methods of Mathematical Physics 2 1 0 3 2 PHY 803 Electrodynamics 2 1 0 3 3 PHY 817 Digital Electronics 2 0 3 3 4 PHY 821 Quantum Mechanics 2 1 0 3 5 PHY 823 Computation Physics 2 0 3 3 TOTAL 15 SECOND SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 804 Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques 0 0 9 3 2 PHY 808 Solid State Theory 3 0 0 3 3 PHY 830 Statistical Physics 2 1 0 3 4 Compulsory Elective 3 0 0 3 5 Elective 3 0 0 3 TOTAL 15 COMPULSORY ELECTIVES S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 805 Properties of Materials 3 0 0 3 2 PHY 819 Chaotic Dynamics 3 0 0 3 25 ELECTIVES S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 809 Solid State Devices Theory 3 0 0 3 2 PHY 810 Technology & Fabrication of Semiconductor Devices 3 0 0 3 3 PHY 811 Atomic and Molecular Theory 3 0 0 3 4 PHY 812 Technology of Semiconductor Materials 3 0 0 3 5 PHY 828 Non-Conventional Energy Sources 3 0 0 3 Course Title Contact Hours PROJECT S/N 1 Course code Master’s Thesis Research Project PHY 899 L T P 0 0 18 TOTAL (b2) Course Unit 12 12 M.Tech in Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation FIRST SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 801 Methods of Mathematical Physics 2 1 0 3 2 PHY 803 Electrodynamics 2 1 0 3 3 PHY 817 Digital Electronics 2 0 3 3 4 PHY 821 Quantum Mechanics 2 1 0 3 5 PHY 823 Computation Physics 2 0 3 3 TOTAL 15 26 SECOND SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 804 Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques 0 0 9 3 2 PHY 806 Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation 3 0 0 3 3 PHY 807 Advanced Electronics 3 0 0 3 4 PHY 818 Control System Techniques 3 0 0 3 Elective 3 0 0 3 5 TOTAL 15 ELECTIVES S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 810 Technology & Fabrication of Semiconductor Devices 3 0 0 3 2 PHY 812 Technology of Semiconductor Materials 3 0 0 3 Course Title Contact Hours PROJECT S/N 1 Course code PHY 899 Master’s Thesis Research Project TOTAL L T P 0 0 18 Course Unit 12 12 27 (b3) M.Tech in Communication Physics FIRST SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 801 Methods of Mathematical Physics 2 1 0 3 2 PHY 803 Electrodynamics 2 1 0 3 3 PHY 817 Digital Electronics 2 0 3 3 4 PHY 821 Quantum Mechanics 2 1 0 3 5 PHY 823 Computation Physics 2 0 3 3 TOTAL 15 SECOND SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 804 Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques 0 0 9 3 2 PHY 814 Radio wave Propagation 3 0 0 3 3 PHY 816 Antenna Theory 3 0 0 3 4 PHY 820 Satellite Technology 3 0 0 3 Elective 3 0 0 3 5 TOTAL 15 ELECTIVE S/N Course code Contact Hours Course Title Course Unit L T P 1 PHY 850 Ionospheric Physics 3 0 0 3 2 PHY 856 Space Weather 3 0 0 3 3 PHY 858 Satellite Imagery 3 0 0 3 28 PROJECT S/N 1 Course code Course Title Contact Hours Master’s Thesis Research Project PHY 899 L T P 0 0 18 TOTAL (b4) Course Unit 12 12 M.Tech in Radiation and Health Physics FIRST SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 801 Methods of Mathematical Physics 2 1 0 3 2 PHY 803 Electrodynamics 2 1 0 3 3 PHY 817 Digital Electronics 2 0 3 3 4 PHY 821 Quantum Mechanics 2 1 0 3 5 PHY 823 Computation Physics 2 0 3 3 TOTAL 15 SECOND SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 804 Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques 0 0 9 3 2 PHY 822 Radiation Detection of Spectroscopy 3 0 0 3 3 PHY 824 Advanced Nuclear and Energy Physics 3 0 0 3 4 PHY 826 Radiation Protection and Dosimetry 3 0 0 3 Elective 3 0 0 3 5 TOTAL 15 29 ELECTIVE S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 811 Atomic and Molecular Theory 3 0 0 3 2 PHY 815 Non-conventional energy sources 3 0 0 3 Course Title Contact Hours PROJECT S/N 1 Course code Master’s Thesis Research Project PHY 899 L T P 0 0 18 TOTAL (b5) Course Unit 12 12 M.Tech in Space Physics FIRST SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 801 Methods of Mathematical Physics 2 1 0 3 2 PHY 803 Electrodynamics 2 1 0 3 3 PHY 817 Digital Electronics 2 0 3 3 4 PHY 821 Quantum Mechanics 2 1 0 3 5 PHY 823 Computation Physics 2 0 3 3 TOTAL 15 30 SECOND SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 804 Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques 0 0 9 3 2 PHY 850 Planetary Atmospheres 3 0 0 3 3 PHY 852 Ionospheric Physics 3 0 0 3 4 PHY 854 Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomenon 3 0 0 3 Elective 3 0 0 3 5 TOTAL 15 ELECTIVE S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 856 Space Weather 3 0 0 3 2 PHY 858 Satellite Imagery 3 0 0 3 Course Title Contact Hours PROJECT S/N 1 Course code PHY 899 Master’s Thesis Research Project TOTAL L T P 0 0 18 Course Unit 12 12 31 (b6) M.Tech in Lower Atmospheric Physics FIRST SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 801 Methods of Mathematical Physics 2 1 0 3 2 PHY 803 Electrodynamics 2 1 0 3 3 PHY 817 Digital Electronics 2 0 3 3 4 PHY 821 Quantum Mechanics 2 1 0 3 5 PHY 823 Computation Physics 2 0 3 3 TOTAL 15 SECOND SEMESTER S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 804 Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques 0 0 9 3 2 PHY 840 Physics of the Lower Atmospheric 3 0 0 3 3 PHY 842 Fluid Dynamics 3 0 0 3 4 PHY 844 Atmospheric Radiation 3 0 0 3 Elective 3 0 0 3 5 TOTAL 15 ELECTIVE S/N Course code Course Title Contact Hours L T P Course Unit 1 PHY 850 Planetary Atmospheres 3 0 0 3 2 PHY 852 Ionospheric Physics 3 0 0 3 3 PHY 858 Satellite Imagery 3 0 0 3 32 PROJECT S/N 1 Course code PHY 899 Course Title Contact Hours Master’s Thesis Research Project L T P 0 0 18 TOTAL (c) Course Unit 12 12 Ph.D. PROJECT S/N 1 Course code PHY 999 Course Title Contact Hours Doctoral Research Project. TOTAL L T P - - - Course Unit - 33 POSTGRADUATE COURSE SYNOPSES (a) PGD PHY 701 Mathematical Methods 3 Units Methods of solving first order o.d.e. and second order o.d.e. with constant coefficient. General theory of nth order linear equations. Laplace transform and its use to solve initial-value I problems. Simple treatment of partial differential equations independent variables. Application of o.d.e. to physical life. Special functions of mathematical physics e.g. gamma function, hypergeometric function, Legendre functions, Bessel’s functions, Hermite and Laguerre functions, Dirac Delta function, Fourier series and transforms. Solution of boundary value problems of p.d.e. by methods of separation of variables and integral transforms Calculus of residues and its application to evaluation of integral and summation of series. Applications to various physical situations which include e.m. theory, quantum theory and diffusion phenomena. Techniques for the solution of boundary value problems. Use of Green’s functions. PHY 702 Electromagnetism 3 Units Electromagnetic: Superposition, Coulomb’s Law, electrostatic force etc. Gauss’ Law and applications. Poisson and Laplace equations. Boundary value problems, Magnetostatics, static field and matter, electric and magnetic energy. Faraday’s law. Moving charges in function fields. Maxwell’s equations and applications. Introduction to spherical waves. PHY 703 Analytical Mechanics 3 Units Conservative forces and potentials, Central forces problems. Rigid body dynamics, generalized motion, mechanics of continuous media. Degrees of freedom, generalized coordinates. Lagrange’s formulation of mechanics applications. The calculus of variation and the action principles. Hamilton’s formulation of mechanics and applications. Oscillatory systems, including damped, forced and coupled oscillations: Normal modes. PHY 704 Quantum Physics 3 Units Formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of state vectors and linear operators. The theory of angular momentum and spin. Time-dependent and Time-independent perturbation theory. Scattering theory, elastic potential scattering. Green’s function and partial wave methods. Selected phenomena from each of atomic physics, molecular physics, solid state physics and nuclear physics are described and interpreted using quantum mechanical models. Some aspects of quantum statistical mechanics. PHY 705 Introductory Solid State Electronics 3 Units Electrical conduction in metals and semiconductors. Energy barrier. Motion of charge in electric and magnetic fields. Hall effect. Photoelectric, thermionic and secondary electronic emission phenomena, effects and applications. Fabrication of electronic devices; diodes, BJT, FET, Solar cells. Introduction to thin films. Application to IC manufacture. PHY 706 Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation 3 Units Principles of measurement errors, accuracy, Detailed working electrical/electronic instruments such as Qmeter, Watt-meter, C.R.O., Semiconductor tester, X-Y plotter, Digital and analogue meters, transducers and their applications, operational amplifiers, Introduction to the design of electronic equipment. PHY 707 Electronics 3 Units Logic gates: AND, OR, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, EX-NOR, NOT, flip-flop. Types of Logic gates family: DTL, TTL, CMOS, NMOS, ECL, Logic outputs; Totem pole open collector, tristate Combination of systems. Boolean algebra. De Morgan’s law, Karnaugh maps, Quinne-McCluskey method. Minimization by computer. Digital switches. Multiplexers and De-multiplexers. Counters: Asynchronous and Synchronous Counters. Converters: Digital to analogue and analogue to digital converters. 34 PHY 708 Nuclear and Particle Physics 3 Units Nuclear structure: Nuclear properties, nuclear size, nuclear masses, nuclear forces, nuclear-nucleon scattering, the deuteron. Nuclear models. Radioactive decay. Radiation and detectors spectroscopy. Neutron physics, fission and fusion. Nuclear reactor and nuclear energy. Elementary particles: Conservation laws, partial classification. Strong electromagnetic and weak interactions PHY 709 Electronics Devices and Fabrication 3 Units Fabrication, design and application of micro-circuits, IC technology, doping process, fabrication of simple devices, pn junction, LEDs, transistors etc. PHY 710 Vacuum Physics and Thin Film 3 Units Design and characterization of vacuum systems: different types of vacuum pumps and their uses, measurement of low pressure, different types of pressure gauges; use of valves and other vacuum materials. Industrial uses of vacuum systems, vacuum heating, furnaces, induction heating, electron bombardment heating. Vacuum evaporation by various means, evaporation sources and techniques, substrate and surface preparation for thin film deposition in vacuum. Epitaxial. Growth processes. Heat treatment of thin film, compatibility of films and substrates, sputtering techniques, deposition of thin insulating films by RF, sputtering preparation and use of masks for thin film deposition. Characterization and application of thin films. PHY 799 PGD Research Project 3 Units A research project in contemporary physics under the supervision of a staff. A detailed report on the research is presented at the completion of the project. PHY 712 Energy Conversion and Storage 3 Units Theory of modern energy conversion, transmission and storage methods; windmills, heat engines, classical engines, ocean thermal energy converters, thermoelectric thermionic, fuel cells, production of hydrogen, electrolytic, chemical thermolytic, photolytic, hydrogen storage, photoelectron converters, photothermovoltaic, biomass, photosynthesis production of methanol and ethanol from vegetable matter. (b) M.Tech. PHY 801 Methods of Mathematical Physics 3 Units Techniques for the solution of Boundary value problems, use of Green’s functions, integral Equations, Vector Spaces, Tensor Transformations, Materials, Complex Variable theory, Group, Representations and symmetry. PHY 821 Quantum Mechanics 3 Units Quantum Mechanics of one particle system, Quantum Mechanics of Heisenberg, Matrix mechanics and transformation theory of Quantum Mechanics, Theory of angular momentum and spin, Zeeman effect, Time dependent and time independent approximation methods and application, scattering theory, Dirac equation, low order radiation processes, relativistic Quantum Mechanics. PHY 803 Electrodynamics (3 Units) Concept of potential and its applications, Single and multiple boundary value problems, The electromagnetic field’s energy, forces and momentum relations, Maxwell’s equations’ solutions of the wave equation. Applications to radiating systems, Elements of relativistic electrodynamics, Moving charges, classical electron theory. PHY 804 Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques (3 Units) Three projects in electronics and in basic physical techniques, e.g. vacuum techniques, optical instrumentation. PHY 805 Properties of Materials (3 Units) The structure of atoms; Bohr-Rutherford, Wave-mechanical models; Inter-atomic and molecular forces; X-ray crystallography; Crystal imperfections; point defect, line defects, dislocation mechanism of slip, role of dislocation, planar defects, atomic movements in solids. 35 PHY 806 Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation (3 Units) Errors, Standards, accuracy and calibration; Relationship between specification and circuit performance. Analogue and digital measurements, Transducers and sensors, Signal conditioning, amplification, multiplexing sampling, digital to analogue and analogue to digital conversion. Noise in instrumentation systems; Data indication and recording storage, Signal electrical and optical characterization of signal crystals. PHY 807 Advanced Electronics (3 Units) Semiconductor diodes, transistors, special power semiconductor devices. Transistor circuits and amplifiers, power distortion, multistage amplifier feed-back and bandwidth. I.C devices and circuits, operational amplifiers, phase locked loops, gyrators, tuned circuits, active filters, detectors, logarithmic generators, variable gain devices; Analysis of circuits for generating, shaping and manipulating waveforms using elements such as line transformers and I.C’s. Three projects in electronics and in basic physical techniques, e.g. vacuum techniques, optical instrumentation. PHY 808 Solid State Theory (3 Units) Symmetry and group theory; Electron States, Self-consistent field approximations methods, the Semi-surface, Semi-conductors and metals, the Kronig-Penny model, Dynamics of electrons and holes in semiconductors, Insulator bands, Impurity states; Scattering by resonance and impurities, Electronic properties; Thermodynamic, transport, semiconductor systems, screening. Dielectric properties. Optical properties; Lattice vibrations; Phonon and the lattice specific heat, Electron-phonon interactions, Superconductivity. Density functional theory and its applications. PHY 809 Solid State Devices Theory (3 Units) PN junction theory: homo and hetero-junctions, metal-semiconductor junction, General characteristics and physical limitations of bipolar transistor; Relation of physical properties to electrical characteristics. Theory of junction-field effect transistor, Theory of insulated gate transistors, properties of the metal-oxide, semiconductor system and its applications in insulated gate field effect transistor. High field and hull effect devices. Theory of quantum mechanics; Time-dependent and time-independent approximation methods. Scattering theory. PHY 810 Technology and Fabrication of Semiconductor Devices (3 Units) Formation of PN junction, Formation of oxide and nitride layers on silicon, The photolithographic process; Oxide and nitride layers and diffusion masks, Formation of metal layers, Vacuum deposition. Ohmic contacts, Assembly methods, Outline of technology of semiconductor diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, Evaluation of the technology; in-process texts on finished devices. PHY 811 Atomic and Molecular Theory (3 Units) Quantum mechanical description of the hydrogen atom, electron spin, angular momentum vector and interaction. Radioactive transitions. ED approximation probability. Selection rules; The self-consistent field formations and the Hartre-Fork equations, Multiplex structure by Recah methods, Hyper-fine couplings and isotope shift, Atoms on crystal lattices, The stark and Zeeman effects, Vibrational-rotational structure of diatomic polyatomic molecules, Molecular orbitals. PHY 812 Technology of Semiconductor Materials (3 Units) Methods of single crystal growth; Vacuum deposition of single crystal layers. Impurities and lattice defects in semiconductors. Properties of germanium and silicon and of selected A13Bv compounds, GaAs, GaP, InSb, etc. Behaviour of impurities during crystal growth from the melt. Zone refining controlled doping, preparation and growth of inter-metalic semiconductor crystal. Mechanical, electrical and optical characterization of single crystals. PHY 814 Radio Wave Properties (3 Units) Propagation mechanisms through the troposphere, Radio services, Quantifying propagation performance. Electromagnetic wave radiation, Line-of-sight and transhorizon propagation. Attenuation by atmospheric gases, noise, rain attenuation. Ionospheric propagation, Special problems of hf radio communication associated with the equatorial ionosphere. Radio noise, Prediction techniques, Calculation and Measurement of field strength, power flux density, radiation and transmission loss. 36 PHY 815 Non-conventional Energy Sources (3 Units) Conventional and non-conventional energy sources; Bio-mass energy, energy storage in plans. Manufacture of synthetic fuel. Desertification and fuel wood conservation, Fossil energy, petroleum exploration. Energy consumption in industry, transportation and other sectors. Nuclear energy, nuclear reactions, nuclear fission and fusion, Reactor design, Efficient use of energy in small and medium forms. Waste utilization and recovery. Energy analysis and optimization; improving efficiency of power plants for production of electric energy. Energy planning. PHY 816 Antenna Theory (3 Units) Antenna: basis, construction and measurements; tuning, gain and radiation pattern measurement. Antenna modification, types and characteristics, antenna radiation, reception, currents and polarization. Propagation in free space, effective radiative power, system performance, fading and variability, fading allowances, reliability, worst conditions. PHY 817 Digital Electronics (3 Units) Switching circuits, Gates: AND, OR, NOR, NAND, NOT, EX-OR and EX-NOR gates, logic circuit designs. Sum of products and Products-of-sums expression, Karnaugh maps. Flip-flops. Arithmetic circuits: Adder and Subtractors. Binary multipliers. Counters and counter applications. Memory devices. Introduction to microprocessors and microcomputers. PHY 818 Control Systems Technique (3 Units) Control systems, representation, open loop and closed loop control. Transfer function, Steady state and transient behaviour of control system. Stability and sensitivity of control systems. Frequency response methods. Root-loans Method, Control System synthesis. Process control and controllers. PHY 819 Chaotic Dynamics (3 Units) Concept of phase space, Point-care section, phase diagrams, Basins of attraction, Bifurcation diagrams, Simple chaotic maps: the Logistic map, the circle map, the horse-shoe map. Characterization of chaotic attractions, Lyapunov exponents, Chaos in fluid dynamics, Lasers, Chaos and quantum physics. PHY 820 Satellite Technology (3 Units) The scope and nature of scientific research using vehicles, orbits in a central gravitational field, dynamical requirements for launching earth satellites, rocket propulsion, the tracking of space vehicles; satellite remote Assembly methods. Outline of technology of semiconductor diodes, transistors integrated circuits. Evaluation of the technology in-process texts on finished devices. PHY 822 Radiation detection and Spectroscopy (3 Units) Principles of radiation detection. Review of interaction of radiation with matter, Ionizations and excitations. Survey of detector types: Gas-filled, scintillation and semiconductor detectors. Nal (TI) detector characteristics and resolving time. Liquid scintillation analyses, quenching, Solid state (semiconductor) detectors; the HpGe detectors, Photo-peak efficiencies and multichannels pulse height analysis. Detectors resolutions. Measurement statistics, Nuclear analytical methods: Thermal and fast neutron activation: neutron sources and neutron reaction cross-sections, energy dependence, resonance. Neutron activation analysis and applications. X-ray fluorescence analysis, the yield equation, sources, domain of application, analytical parameters. Track analysis; principles of fission and charge particle tracks, radio measurements. Isotope dilution and solvent extraction methods of radiometric analysis. Principles of the gamma and positron cameras. PHY 823 Computational Physics (3 Units) Numerical linear algebra, root finding, approximation theory, integration, ordinary differential equations, optimization techniques, initial and boundary value problems, finite element methods, direct and indirect methods in matrix theory, optimization with constraints, analysis of numerical stability, computer programming. PHY 824 Advance Nuclear and Energy Physics (3 Units) Review of fundamentals of Nuclear Physics: the nuclear atom (Rutherford’s model and the Bohr’s modifications). Nuclear properties: nuclear structure and models, nuclear stability, nuclear moment, parity and statistics. Forces between nucleons: deuteron, nucleon-nucleon and proton-proton scattering. Nuclear reactions (scattering, collisions), conservation of physical quantities, Q-value determination, cross-sections, the Breit-Wigner formula, excited states of nuclei, nuclear decays: Alpha, beta and gamma decay processes. 37 Theory of decays: quantum mechanical tunneling, the Gamow factor, X-rays following beta decay, the Femitheory of beta decay. Energetic of gamma decay: internal conversion, position annihilation, isomeric transitions, branching ratios and lifetimes of excited states. Spontaneous fission, Fusion and accelerator. Elementary particle physics. Peaceful uses of nuclear energy techniques in Research, Industry, Medicine, Agriculture and the Environment. PHY 826 Radiation Protection and Dosimetry (3 Units) Radiation units and quantities. Environmental radiation, Environmental monitoring. Background and artificial sources of exposure. Radiation exposure pathways (external and internal exposures). Review of biological effects of radiation. Radiation risks (health effects). Principles of radiation protection, Legislation of radiation protection, Radiation shielding and protection. Attenuation coefficients and half-value thickness. Waste disposal and decontamination procedures. Principles of dosimetry. Dose conversion factors, Dose limits (for radiation workers and members of the general public). Microdosimetry. Primary and secondary dosimeters. Dose assessment techniques; Experimental, epidemiological and model calculations. PHY 830 Statistical Mechanics (3 Units) Statistical distribution functions, Canonical and grand canonical formalism, phase transition and fluctuations, irreversible thermodynamics, Exact transport theory, Principle of equipartition of energy, Canonical and microcanonical ensembles and their applications, statistical quantum physics, Ising model. PHY 840 Physics of the Lower Atmosphere (3 Units) Weather/meteorological parameters and their measurements, Atmospheric thermodynamics, geotropic wind and atmospheric oscillation, atmospheric radiation, cloud Physics and atmospheric electricity, satellite meteorology and remote sensing, Applications to West Africa. PHY 842 Fluid Dynamics (3 Units) Kinematics of fluid motion, Euler’s equations, Bernoulli equation, steady flow of a compressible fluid, Irrotational motion for incompressible flow, gravity waves, waves in incompressible fluid, vortices, energy and momentum relationships, Flow in pipes and open channels, viscous flow, experimental methods in fluid dynamics. PHY 844 Atmospheric Radiation (3 Units) Fundamentals of radiation, absorption spectra of water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone, and oxygen, solar ray path in the atmosphere, Rayleigh and Mie scattering phenomena, direct, diffuse and global irradiance, energy distribution in the solar spectrum outside the atmosphere and at the surface, solar time equation, temporal and spatial variability of solar radiation, theory of thermal radiation in the atmosphere, radiation charts, effects of infrared cooling, radiation balance and climate, Experimental techniques. PHY 850 Planetary Atmospheres (3 Units) Basic concepts of the Earth’s atmosphere; Atmospheric nomenclature, hydrostatic equations, scale height, geo-potential height, chemical concepts of the atmosphere; thermodynamic considerations, elementary chemical kinetics, composition and chemistry of middle atmosphere and thermosphere, thermal balance in the thermosphere, modeling of neutral atmosphere. Dynamics of the Earth’s atmosphere, Equation of motion of neutral atmosphere, thermal wind equation, elements of planetary waves, internal gravity waves and atmospheric tides, fundamental description of atmospheric dynamics and effects of dynamics on chemical species. Solar radiation and its effect on atmosphere: Solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere, attenuation of solar radiation in the atmosphere, radiative transfer, thermal effects of radiation, photochemical effects of radiation. Atmosphere of planets and satellites: Inner and outer planets; atmospheric structure and composition of the Moon, Jupiter, Mars, Venus and Saturn and their important satellites. PHY 852 Ionospheric Physics (3 Units) Introduction to ionosphere. Photochemical processes, Chapman’s theory of photoionization. Production of ionospheric layers, Loss reactions and chemistry of ionospheric regions, morphology of the ionosphere. Ionospheric propagation and measurement techniques, Effect of ionosphere on radio wave propagation; refraction, dispersion and polarization, magneto-iossnic theory, critical frequency and virtual height, oblique propagation and maximum usable frequency, ground-based techniques, ionosonde, radars scintillations and Total Electron Content (TEC), photometers, imagers and interferometers, Ionospheric absorption, rocket- and satellite-borne techniques, Langmuir probe, electric field probe, retarding potential analyzers, mass spectrometers, magnetometers, vapour release, satellite drag for neutral density. Ionospheric plasma 38 dynamics: Basic fluid equations, steady state ionospheric plasma motions owing to applied forces, generation of electric fields, electric field mapping, collision frequencies, electrical conductivity, plasma diffusion, ionospheric dynamo, equatorial electro-jet, ionospheric modeling. Ionospheres of other planets and satellites. Ionospheres of Mars, Venus and Jupiter. PHY 854 Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena (3 Units) Elements of solar physics: Structure and composition of the Sun, the Sun as a source of radiation, sunspots and solar cycles, solar flares. Magnetic field of the Earth and other planets: Models for generation of geomagnetic fields, secular variations of geomagnetic fields, local elements of geomagnetic fields, determinations of geomagnetic coordinates of stations, Transients various of geomagnetic fields, diurnal variation of geomagnetic fields, geomagnetic pulsations, magnetic fields of other planets. Equatorial anomaly. Magnetosphere of the Earth and other planets, Solar wind and its characteristics, interplanetary magnetic field and sector structure, formation of geomagnetic cavity, magnetopause, magnetosphere and bow shock, polar cusp and magnetotail, plasma sphere and Van Allen radiation belts, magnetosphere of other planets. Geomagnetic field modeling. Aurora and Airglow: Nightglow, day glow, twilight glow, aurora, applications of airglow measurements for ionospheric dynamics and composition. PHY 856 Space Weather (3 Units) Elements of space weather: Geomagnetic storms, sub-storms and current systems. Coronal mass ejections, modification of earth’s magnetosphere during magnetic disturbances and its implications, effect of magnetic disturbance on high, mid and low latitudes. Measurement techniques for solar and geomagnetic parameters: optical techniques for solar parameters, radio techniques for solar parameters. X-ray. Space Missions. Space Weather Prediction: Modeling of Space Weather parameters. PHY 858 Satellite Imagery (3 Units) Overview of remote sensing technology; history and evolution. Electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter. Spectral characteristics of crop/vegetation, soils, water etc. Remote sensing platforms, sensors and ground systems. Satellite remote sensing: classification by orbit, application, advantage and disadvantages, type of observation, orbital dynamics. Types of satellites. Overview of Earth observation satellites. Overview of optical infrared (IR) remote sensing sun-synchronous satellites. Overview of polar platforms and meteorological satellites; high-resolution satellites, radar satellites, other missions. Imaging technology. Photogrammetry. GPS: concepts, techniques, systems and applications. GIS: concepts, principles and applications, GIS models, GIS components, inputs to GIS; GIS database design and organization, integration in GIS, querying in GIS, GIS outputs and visualization, accuracy of data in GIS, GIS integration errors. PHY 899 Master’s Thesis Research Project (12 Units) Theoretical/Experimental project supervised by qualified lecturer(s) in the relevant field of interest in the various options (b1-b7) leading to a certified thesis to be defended at the end of the programme. (c) Ph.D. PHY 999 Doctoral Research Project The candidate is expected to undertake a research project of interest in any field of physics. The candidates is expected to deliver three seminars on the proposal and on the research project undertaken 39 STAFF LIST S/N 1. Name Prof. (Mrs.) I.A. Fuwape Qualification B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ibadan) Status Professor/HOD Area of Specialization Theoretical Physics 2. 3. 4. 5. Prof. M.O. Ajewole Dr. O.S. Ajayi Dr. A.B. Rabiu ** Dr. O.M. Osiele B.Sc., M.Sc., (Ilorin) Ph.D. (Akure) B.Sc., M.Sc. (Ibadan) Ph.D. (Akure) B.Sc. (Ilorin), M.Sc., Ph.D. (Nsukka) B.Sc. (Ekpoma), M.Sc. (Nsukka) Ph.D. (Akure) Professor Reader Reader Reader Communication Radiation and Health Space Physics Condensed Matter 6. Dr. A.M. Arogunjo B.Sc. (Ilorin), M.Sc. (Ib) Ph.D. Akure) Reader Radiation and Health 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Dr. B. Adeyemi Dr. E.O. Ogolo Dr. S.E. Falodun Dr. S.S. Oluyamo Mr. D.A. Adenugba Dr. K.D. Adedayo B.Sc(Ed.)., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ilorin) B.Sc.(Ed.) (Ife), M.Sc., Ph.D (Ib) B.Sc. (Benin), M.Tech, Ph.D(Akr) B.Sc., M.Sc. (IB), PGDE (Ife), PhD (Ib) B.Sc., M.Tech. (Akr), MBA (Ado) B.Tech., M.Tech PhD (Akure) Snr Lecturer Snr Lecturer Snr Lecturer Snr Lecturer Lecturer I Lecturer I 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Mr. T. Ewetumo Mr. A.I. Popoola* Dr. J.S. Ojo Dr. A.T. Adediji Dr. O.R. Oladosu** B.Tech., M.Tech. (Akure) B.Tech., M.Tech (Akure) B.Tech., M.Tech. PhD (Akure) B.Sc (Ilorin), M.Tech, PhD (Akure) B.Sc. (Ed) Makurdi, M.Sc., PhD (Ife) Lecturer Lecturer Lecturer Lecturer Lecturer 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. B.Tech., M. Tech (Akure) B.Sc. (Ado), M.Tech (Akure) B.Tech (Akure); M.Sc. (Ibadan) B.Sc. (Abraka), M.Tech (Akure) B.Tech,(Akure) M.Sc.(Ibadan) HND, PGD, M.Tech (Akure) B.Tech (Akure) B.Tech (Akure) B.Tech (Akure) Lecturer II Lecturer II Lecturer II Asst Lecturer Asst Lecturer Asst Lecturer Grad. Assistant Grad. Assistant Grad. Assistant Lower Atmosphere Lower Atmosphere Communication Condensed Matter Lower Atmosphere Instrumentation/ Communication Instrumentation Instrumentation Communication Communication Lower Atmosphere/Meteorology Communication Instrumentation Radiation and Health Instrumentation Instrumentation Radiation and Health Communication Communication 29. 30. 31. 32. Final Diploma, ANIST, PGD (Akure) Final Diploma, ANIST, PGD (Akure), Fellow NIST HND, PGD (Akure) HND, PGD (Akure) HND, PGD (Akure) HND, PGD (Akure) Chief Technologist Asst. Chief Technologist Technologist I Technologist I Technologist I Technologist II Mr. A.S. Adekola* Mr. A.O. Ajagunna* Mrs. O.P. Faromika Mr. A.V. Akpan Mr. O.I. Olusola Mr. S.B. Ibikunle Mr. O.J. Ajayi Mr. O.A. Layioye Miss. M. I. Oloniyo Technical Staff 27. Mr. H.I. Alamuoye 28. Mr. M.O. Olasoji 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Mrs. C.I. Joseph-Ojo Mr. A.E. Ogunware Mr. O.R. Bello Mrs. O.M. FagbamiyeAkinwale Miss M. O. Dada HND, PGD (Akure) Mr . O. O. Akinkuehin HND, PGD (Akure) Mr I. O. Akinsulire HND (Akure) Mr O. G. Olagbenro HND Miss C. O. Aliu GCE O/L Administrative Staff Mrs J. O. Adeyemi HND I I I I I Snr. Lab. Assistant Snr. Lab. Assistant Snr. Lab. Assistant Lab. Assistant Lab. Assistant III Conf. Secretary I * On Study Leave ** Leave of absence 40